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published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Master / Master of Philosophy

Šiame baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama temperatūros įtaka plieninių strypinių konstrukcijų darbui. Darbas susideda iš teorinės ir eksperimentinės dalių. Teorinėje dalyje atlikta literatūros apžvalga. Aptarti naujai pasiūlyti strypinių sistemų ir atskirų elementų, bei jų sujungimo skaičiavimo metodai ir eksperimentiniai rezultatai, veikiant aukštoms (gaisro) temperatūroms. Aprašyta temperatūros pokyčio įtaka elemento deformacijai, pateikiamas matematinis modelis tamprioms-plastinėms strypinėms konstrukcijoms skaičiuoti, įvertinant temperatūros pokyčius. Eksperimentinėje dalyje atliekama rėmo, kai elementus veikia visame skerspjūvio aukštyje vienoda temperatūra, ir kai apatiniuose ir viršutiniuose elementų sluoksniuose ji skiriasi, analizė. Skaičiavimams atlikti panaudotas simbolinės matematikos paketas Matlab. Aprašomi rezultatai, suformuluojamos išvados ir pasiūlymai. Darbą sudaro šios dalys: įvadas, literatūros apžvalga, matematinio modelio sudarymas, skaitinis eksperimentas, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 90 p. teksto, 54 iliustracijos, 9 lentelės, 37 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. / This final master thesis deals with the impact of temperature on steel-framed structures. The thesis consists of theoretical and experimental parts. The theoretical part covers the review of literature. New methods of calculations and experimental results of steel-framed structures, separate members and connections at elevated temperatures are analysed. The impact of temperature changes on deformation of the elements is described, the mathematical model for calculating elastic-plastic bar structures with estimation of temperature changes is given. The experimental part covers the analysis of the frame, when the temperature is the same throughout the whole cross-section of members and when it is different in the bottom and top parts of sections. Software pack Matlab was used for calculations. Results of calculations are given, conclusions and suggestions presented. Structure: introduction, review of literature, mathematical model, experimental part, conclusions and suggestions, references. Volume of the thesis: 90 pages of text, 54 pictures, 9 tables, 37 references.

Fire ants link their legs and jaws together to form functional structures called self- assemblages. Examples include floating rafts, towers, bridges, and bivouacs. We investigate these self-assemblages of fire ants. Our studies are motivated in part by the vision of providing guidance for programmable robot swarms. The goal for such systems is to develop a simple programmable element from which complex patterns or behaviors emerge on the collective level. Intelligence is decentralized, as is the case with social insects such as fire ants. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we investigate the construction of two fire ant self-assemblages that are critical to the colony’s survival: the raft and the tower. Using time-lapse photography, we record the construction processes of rafts and towers in the laboratory. We identify and characterize individual ant behaviors that we consistently observe during assembly, and incorporate these behaviors into mathematical models of the assembly process. Our models accurately predict both the assemblages’ shapes and growth patterns, thus providing evidence that we have identified and analyzed the key mechanisms for these fire ant self-assemblages. We also develop novel techniques using scanning electron microscopy and micro-computed tomography scans to visualize and quantify the internal structure and packing properties of live linked fire ants. We compare our findings to packings of dead ants and similarly shaped granular material packings to understand how active arranging affects ant spacing and orientation. We find that ants use their legs to increase neighbor spacing and hence reduce their packing density by one-third compared to packings of dead ants. Also, we find that live ants do not align themselves in parallel with nearest neighbors as much as dead ants passively do. Our main contribution is the development of parsimonious mathematical models of how the behaviors of individuals result in the collective construction of fire ant assemblages. The models posit only simple observed behaviors based on local information, yet their mathe- matical analysis yields accurate predictions of assemblage shapes and construction rates for a wide range of ant colony sizes.

Baigiamajame magistro darbe nagrinėjama nelaimingų atsitikimų darbe statistika Lietuvoje ir užsienyje, apžvelgiami pavojingi veiksniai statybvietėse ir jų įtaka nelaimingiems atsitikimams darbe. Aprašomas nelaimingų atsitikimų augimo tempų statyboje bendrasis modelis. Baigiamajame darbe pateikiami darbų saugos sistemos tobulinimo būdai, aprašomas kompleksinio sistemos vertinimo modelio formavimas ir realizavimas, pateikiamas statybviečių ir statybos įmonių būklės vertinimas darbuotojų saugos požiūriu, pateikiamos konkrečios priemonės saugos darbe sistemos statybos įmonėse efektyvumui didinti. Išnagrinėjus teorinius ir praktinius darbų saugos sistemos aspektus, pateikiamos baigiamojo darbo išvados ir pasiūlymai. Darbą sudaro šios dalys: įvadas, apžvalginis skyrius, analitinė – metodinė dalis, mokslinė - tiriamoji dalis, išvados ir pasiūlymai, literatūros ir kitų informacijos šaltinių sąrašas. Darbo apimtis – 77 p. teksto be priedų, 28 pav., 8 lent., 79 bibliografiniai šaltiniai. / The present thesis intended for master's degree deals with the statistics of occupational accidents in Lithuania and abroad, makes an overview of dangerous factors on construction sites and their influence on potential occupational accidents. Description of a general model of an increasing rate of occupational accidents in construction sector is given. Methods for improvement of labour safety system are contained in the thesis. Furthermore, a description of development and implementation of an overall system evaluation model is given in the paper together with an assessment of condition of construction sites and construction companies in terms of labour safety and actual proposals on the application of measures, which may lead to an increased efficiency of labour safety at construction companies. Conclusions and recommendations given in the paper are based on the outcome of the analysis of theoretical and practical aspects of labour safety system. The present thesis includes the following parts: Introduction, Overview, Analytical – methodological part, Scientific – investigative part, Conclusions and recommendations, References. Thesis consist of – 77 pages of written text excluding addenda, 28 figures, 8 tables, 79 bibliographic sources.

Darbe nagrinėjami dviejų tipų spiraliniai induktoriai, bei matematiniai jų modeliai. Spiralinio induktoriaus tyrimai atliekami naudojant specialų eksperimentinį stendą, bei sukūriant jų metematinius modelius pasitelkiant FLUX® 9 programinį paketą. Darbe sukurtas specialus eksperimentinis stendas ir jo valdymo algoritmas. Pagal šį valdymo algoritmą, pasitelkiant Labview® 6.1 programinį paketą, parašyta stendo valdymo programa. FLUX® 9 programos aplinkoje sudaryti spiralinio induktoriaus modeliai. Gautos spiralinio induktoriaus magnetinio lauko priklausomybės nuo magnetinio lauko jutiklio padėties erdvėje. Tyrimų rezultatai suteikia galimybę prognozuoti realaus spiralinio induktoriaus parametrus, neatliekant brangių ir ilgai trunkančių eksperimentų. / Helix indicators of two types and their mathematical models are analyzed in this paper. Tests of the spiral indicator have been performed using a special experimental stand and establishing their mathematical models with a help of the FLUX® 9 software package. A special experimental stand and control algorithm have been developed in this research work. Based on this control algorithm a stand control program has been created with a help of the Labview® 6.1 software package. In the FLUX® 9 software environment, simulation models of the helix indicator have been established. Dependence of the magnetic field of the helix indicator on the location of the magnetic field sensor in the space was investigated. The results of the research provide for a possibility to forecast parameters of the real helix indicator avoiding expensive and long lasting experiments.

Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti stochastinio programavimo energetikos uždavinį. Darbe tyrinėta Lietuvos energetikos struktūra, taip pat tyrinėti optimizavimo metodai. Sudarytas Lietuvos energetikos uždavinio modelis. Optimizavimo modelis realizuotas Java programa. Optimizavimo programoje panaudotos objektinio ir lygiagretaus programavimo paradigmos. Atlikti energetikos uždavinio parametrų tyrimai. / Primary goal of this work was to research stochastic programming model of the energetic system. In this paper we also studied Lithuanian energetic sector structure and made Lithuanian energetic model. This model was realized in Java programming language. Created program is written using object-oriented and parallel programming paradigms. Also we researched different parameters influence on the model.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is an odorless, colorless, tasteless gas that binds to hemoglobin with high affinity. This property underlies the use of low doses of CO to determine hemoglobin mass (MHb) in the fields of clinical and sports medicine. However, hemoglobin bound to CO is unable to transport oxygen and exposure to high CO concentrations is a significant environmental and occupational health concern. These contrasting aspects of CO—clinically useful in low doses but potentially lethal in higher doses—mandates a need for a quantitative understanding of the temporal profiles of the uptake and distribution of CO in the human body. In this dissertation I have (i) used a mathematical model to analyze CO-rebreathing techniques used to estimate total hemoglobin mass and proposed a CO-rebreathing procedure to estimate hemoglobin mass with low errors, (ii) enhanced and validated a multicompartment model to estimate O2, CO and CO2 tensions, bicarbonate levels, pH levels, blood carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) levels, and carboxymyoglobin (MbCO) levels in all the vascular (arterial, mixed venous and vascular subcompartments of the tissues) and tissue (brain, heart and skeletal muscle) compartments of the model in normoxia, hypoxia, CO hypoxia, hyperoxia, isocapnic hyperoxia and hyperbaric oxygen, and (iii) used this developed mathematical model to propose a treatment to improve O2 delivery and CO removal by comparing O2 and CO levels during different treatment protocols administered for otherwise-healthy CO-poisoned subjects.

The roads in our society are in a state of constant degradation. The reasons for this are many, and therefore constructed to have a certain lifetime before being reconstructed. To minimize the cost of maintaining the important transport road network high quality prediction models are needed. This report presents new models for flexible pavement structures for initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks in the bound layers and rutting for the whole structure. The models are based on observations from the Swedish Long Term Pavement Performance (LTPP) database. The intention is to use them for planning maintenance as part of a pavement management system (PMS). A statistical approach is used for the modeling, where both cracking and rutting are related to traffic data, climate conditions, and the subgrade characteristics as well as the pavement structure.