The study is of a psychobiographical nature, employing a psychological theory as a paradigm within which to uncover the narrative of an individual’s life. There are relatively few studies of this nature, particularly with a South African focus. The study applied a qualitative psychobiographical research method which aimed to describe Mahatma Gandhi's psychological development according to Erik Erikson’s (1950) Psychosocial Developmental Theory. Mohandas Karamchund Gandhi or Mahatma Gandhi as he was generally known was a major political and spiritual leader. Although much has been written on his life, a psychobiography has not yet been written. He was chosen as the research subject through purposive sampling on the basis of interest value, uniqueness and significance of his life. The data collection and analysis was conducted according to Yin’s (1994) ‘analytic generalization’ which incorporated Erikson’s theory of psychosocial stages. Alexander’s (1988) nine proposed guidelines assisted in the process of data analysis. The study concluded that Gandhi had attained the ego virtues of hope, will, purpose, competence, fidelity love, care and wisdom as proposed by Erikson’s (1950) Psychosocial Developmental Theory within the delineated age frame.

No description available.

The Best Loser System (BLS) in Mauritius is a component of the electoral system where candidates are selected by established procedure on the basis of their race or community to stand as members of parliament It is as a tool to protect minority interests. The main research question is the following : what are the human rights implications and the prospect of reform of the BLS in Mauritius? / A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr Angelo Matusse, Faculty of Law, Universidade Eduardo, Mondlane Mocambique. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM

The waves of democratisation in Africa gave hope to the continent. Democracy was becoming a reality and legal instruments were being put in place at the domestic level through constitutional clauses which were imposed to strengthen a democratic culture. However, regional trends in Africa proved that even constitutional clauses were not enough to regulate democracy. Presidents from African countries were still as autocratic as they previously were. Linked to its history and poor governance, political dynasty was entrenched in the political system in many African countries. Currently, many African countries still experience one-party rule in the form of political dynasty. Mauritius, though considered as a model of democracy, is a good example to show how political dynasty has undermined its democratic values. A way of consolidating its democracy can be to impose term limits on the Prime Minister's mandates, which are currently unlimited. This study analyses the effectiveness of imposing term limits in the Mauritian political system to control political dynasties to some extent. It however acknowledges that term limits alone cannot be an effective solution. It therefore proposes other recommendations such as having a youth quota, involving the civil society organisations and reviewing electoral procedures, which can help to consolidate democracy in Mauritius. / Mini Dissertation (MPhil (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa))--University of Pretoria, 2021. / European Union / Government of Flanders / Centre for Human Rights / MPhil (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa) / Unrestricted

The purpose of this thesis is to increase our knowledge about corruption issues. It examines the connection between the institutional frame and the individual’s choice made in his institutional role. The study is based on the theories of rational choice institutionalism and public ethos and the empirical data is analyzed from a social constructivist perspective. The addressed research questions are:-How is the institutional frame within the Mauritian public sphere being created, with special focus on shaping the norms saying that corruption is not accepted?-Does the institutional frame, and specifically the public ethos as a norm, influence the individual’s rational choice when deciding not to act corruptly?The empirical material has been collected in Mauritius, and the study uses the Mauritian local government as the example for the institution. According to the theory of rational choice institutionalism, public servants make rational choices, within the frames of the institution. Institutions are to be seen as a wider concept, where both the formal and informal institutions are included, such as norms, institutionalized actions and processes. The public ethos, a norm specifically connected to the democratic, public areas of the society, states that the public servant’s institutional role is different from a private person’s role. According to the theory about the social construction of the reality, the individual’s perception and understanding of his surroundings, the image of his reality, is shaped by the institutional frame and this frame delimits the options to choose among. The analysis is made with the help of a model which illustrates the layers of the institution, and the individual in the institutional frame, which thereby affects his rational calculations. The model is also used to illustrate the result of the analysis, by showing the factors that influence the norm-shaping process. The analysis and the conclusions of the study indicate that the creation of the institutional frame is strongly influenced from the society with an anti-corruption agenda, in form of legislation and government agencies, which have a resilient effect on the norm-shaping. Further, the presence of the public ethos norm is shown as an element of the institutional frame. The public servant, when making a rational calculation to decide to act or not to act corruptly, is situated within this institutional frame. The conclusion of the thesis indicates that the individual’s rational choice is strongly affected by the institutional frame, showing that the public servant does take in consideration the public ethos norms in his institutional role. Even though economic reasons influence how the public servant decides to act, those are reinforced by the institutional norms.

Work-related stress is a hindrance to the quality of working life. Stressful circumstances occur when individuals are no more able to handle, manage and cope with difficult situations. Events and situations are themselves not inherently stressful; it is the capability of people to face these situations and handle these effectively which will cause less or more stress. Hotel operations have to compete by constantly offering an increasingly better comparative product and service. Being at the centre stage, hotel managers, therefore, have to respond to this challenge. The exigencies of the tourists and of the industry are exerting additional pressures on hotel managers. The main findings of this study carried out from the human resource management perspective indicate the following: pressure from work and from both occupation-home and home-occupation interfaces do not have a positive influence on hotel managers’ psychological health. However, there is a positive effect of work on both the occupation-home and home-occupation interfaces and of manager interests and hobbies on the health and home-occupation interface. Potential areas of future research are identified and new research directions are proposed.

No description available.

Text in French / No abstract available / Classics & Modern European Languages / M.A. (French)

Text in French / No abstract available / Classics and Modern European Languages / M.A. (French)

Der 'Hundertjährige Kalender' basiert auf Wetteraufzeichnungen von Mauritius Knauer (1613-1664 ), der als Abt im oberfränkischen Zisterzienserkloster Langheim wirkte. Die zwischen März 1652 und März 1659 fast täglich notierten Beobachtungen ermöglichen eine statistische Auswertung und die - teilweise sogar quantitative - Gegenüberstellung damaliger und heutiger Wetterverhältnisse. Vergleiche mit Niederschriften weiterer zeitgenössischer Autoren belegen den wissenschaftlichen Wert der Knauerschen Aufzeichnungen. Der Beobachtungszeitraum fällt in die 'kleine Eiszeit' und zeichnet sich durch eine Reihe sehr strenger Winter aus. / The 'Hundred Year''s Calendar' is based on weather recordings of Mauritius Knauer (1613-1664 ), which worked as an abbot in the upper-Frankish Cistercian monastery Langheim. Between March 1652 and March 1659 almost daily noted observations enable a statistical analysis and - partly even quantitative - the confrontation weather conditions at that time and of today''s. Comparisons with notes of further contemporary authors show the scientific value of the Knauer recordings. The observation period falls into the 'little ice age' and is characterised by a series very severe winter.