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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 11 to 13 of 13 (0.095 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"means off payment"" "subject:"means oof payment""
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Aplicación del derecho internacional en los mecanismos de medios de cobro y pago e ítems relacionados con el comercio internacionalBonet Juan, María Amparo 02 September 2022 (has links)
[ES] La presente tesis doctoral se plantea sobre la necesidad de buscar alternativas a los medios de pago y cobros internacionales en el sector agroalimentario y su viabilidad normativa, que permitan automatizar las operaciones de comercio internacional y reúnan todos los beneficios mitigantes del riesgo y de la falta de seguridad de cobro para las partes. La acelerada revolución tecnológica en el campo de las telecomunicaciones y de la informática, se ha empleado como instrumento en el comercio internacional agroalimentario, no sólo en la fase de negociación y elaboración del contrato de compraventa internacional, sino, en la forma de pago. Por ello, se hace necesario considerar y valorar la viabilidad jurídica que ofrecen los nuevos instrumentos tecnológicos en las transacciones comerciales internacionales. La reciente aparición de la tecnología denominada cadena de bloques (blockchains) y los contratos inteligentes (smart contracts) ofrecen una alternativa sostenible en el sector primario y es por ello que, despierta un creciente interés objeto de nuestro estudio. Desde este objetivo, y tras no pocas dudas, se presenta una revisión de ambos conceptos y su relación con el uso de nuevos medios de pago virtuales (criptomonedas). En este sentido, dichos conceptos toman relevancia en la investigación en virtud de la propuesta de un novedoso crédito documentario automatizado en la red blockchain como mecanismo de pago internacional y cuya moneda de pago es la criptomoneda. Ello proporciona a los agentes comerciales, la posibilidad de realizar pagos jurídicamente válidos, eficaces y automáticos, sin la intervención de ninguna autoridad bancaria central o institución de crédito. La investigación trata temas actuales como lo son la compraventa internacional, los medios de pago internacionales, con base en el crédito documentario y los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos, evidenciando la importancia de la Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional (UNCITRAL) como fuente reguladora del Derecho Comercial Internacional. Con el estudio se concluye la posibilidad de uso del dinero electrónico y las monedas virtuales para una operación de compraventa internacional en el sector primario como alternativa a los mecanismos tradicionales, dotando a ésta de la funcionalidad y la seguridad jurídica con el uso de un crédito documentario en la red Blockchain en formatos estandarizados y automatizados de contratación, a pesar de su escasa o nula regulación internacional. / [CA] La presente tesis doctoral se plantea sobre la necesidad de buscar alternativas a los medios de pago y cobros internacionales en el sector agroalimentario y su viabilidad normativa, que permitan automatizar las operaciones de comercio internacional y reúnan todos los beneficios mitigantes del riesgo y de la falta de seguridad de cobro para las partes. La acelerada revolución tecnológica en el campo de las telecomunicaciones y de la informática, se ha empleado como instrumento en el comercio internacional agroalimentario, no sólo en la fase de negociación y elaboración del contrato de compraventa internacional, sino, en la forma de pago. Por ello, se hace necesario considerar y valorar la viabilidad jurídica que ofrecen los nuevos instrumentos tecnológicos en las transacciones comerciales internacionales. La reciente aparición de la tecnología denominada cadena de bloques (blockchains) y los contratos inteligentes (smart contracts) ofrecen una alternativa sostenible en el sector primario y es por ello que, despierta un creciente interés objeto de nuestro estudio. Desde este objetivo, y tras no pocas dudas, se presenta una revisión de ambos conceptos y su relación con el uso de nuevos medios de pago virtuales (criptomonedas). En este sentido, dichos conceptos toman relevancia en la investigación en virtud de la propuesta de un novedoso crédito documentario automatizado en la red blockchain como mecanismo de pago internacional y cuya moneda de pago es la criptomoneda. Ello proporciona a los agentes comerciales, la posibilidad de realizar pagos jurídicamente válidos, eficaces y automáticos, sin la intervención de ninguna autoridad bancaria central o institución de crédito. La investigación trata temas actuales como lo son la compraventa internacional, los medios de pago internacionales, con base en el crédito documentario y los nuevos desafíos tecnológicos, evidenciando la importancia de la Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional (UNCITRAL) como fuente reguladora del Derecho Comercial Internacional. Con el estudio se concluye la posibilidad de uso del dinero electrónico y las monedas virtuales para una operación de compraventa internacional en el sector primario como alternativa a los mecanismos tradicionales, dotando a ésta de la funcionalidad y la seguridad jurídica con el uso de un crédito documentario en la red Blockchain en formatos estandarizados y automatizados de contratación, a pesar de su escasa o nula regulación internacional. / [EN] This doctoral thesis is based on the need to seek alternatives to international payment and collection methods in the agri-food sector and its regulatory feasibility, which allow automating international trade operations and bring together all the mitigating benefits of risk and the lack of collection security for the parties. The accelerated technological revolution in the field of telecommunications and information technology has been used as an instrument in international agri-food trade, not only in the negotiation and preparation phase of the international sales contract, but also in the form of payment. For this reason, it is necessary to consider and assess the legal viability offered by the new technological instruments in international commercial transactions. The recent appearance of the technology called blockchain and smart contracts offer a sustainable alternative in the primary sector and that is why it arouses a growing interest in our study. From this objective, and after many doubts, a review of both concepts and their relationship with the use of new virtual means of payment (cryptocurrencies) is presented. In this sense, these concepts become relevant in the investigation by virtue of the proposal of a novel automated documentary credit in the blockchain network as an international payment mechanism and whose payment currency is cryptocurrency. This provides commercial agents with the possibility of making legally valid, efficient and automatic payments, without the intervention of any central banking authority or credit institution. The research deals with current issues such as international sales, international means of payment, based on documentary credit and new technological challenges, evidencing the importance of UNCITRAL as a regulatory source of International Commercial Law. The study concludes the possibility of using electronic money and virtual currencies for an international sale operation in the primary sector as an alternative to traditional mechanisms, providing it with functionality and legal security with the use of a documentary credit in the Blockchain network in standardized and automated contracting formats, despite its little or no international regulation. / Bonet Juan, MA. (2022). Aplicación del derecho internacional en los mecanismos de medios de cobro y pago e ítems relacionados con el comercio internacional [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/186004 / TESIS
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| 12 |
Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial servicesPerlman, Leon Joseph 11 1900 (has links)
The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
| vi / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LLD
|
| 13 |
Legal and regulatory aspects of mobile financial servicesPerlman, Leon Joseph 11 1900 (has links)
The thesis deals with the emergence of bank and non-bank entities that provide a range of unique
transaction-based payment services broadly called Mobile Financial Services (MFS) to unbanked,
underserved and underbanked persons via mobile phones.
Models of MFS from Mobile Network Operators (MNOs), banks, combinations of MNOs and banks, and
independent Mobile Financial Services Providers are covered. Provision by non-banks of ‘bank-type’
services via mobile phones has been termed ‘transformational banking’ versus the ‘additive banking’
services from banks. All involve the concept of ‘branchless banking’ whereby ‘cash-in/cash out’ services
are provided through ‘agents.’
Funds for MFS payments may available through a Stored Value Product (SVP), particularly through a
Stored Value Account SVP variant offered by MNOs where value is stored as a redeemable fiat- or mobile
‘airtime’-based Store of Value.
The competitive, legal, technical and regulatory nature of non-bank versus bank MFS models is discussed,
in particular the impact of banking, payments, money laundering, telecommunications, e-commerce and
consumer protection laws. Whether funding mechanisms for SVPs may amount to deposit-taking such that
entities could be engaged in the ‘business of banking’ is discussed. The continued use of ‘deposit’ as the
traditional trigger for the ‘business of banking’ is investigated, alongside whether transaction and paymentcentric
MFS rises to the ‘business of banking.’
An extensive evaluation of ‘money’ based on the Orthodox and Claim School economic theories is
undertaken in relation to SVPs used in MFS, their legal associations and import, and whether they may be
deemed ‘money’ in law.
Consumer protection for MFS and payments generally through current statute, contract, and payment law
and common law condictiones are found to be wanting. Possible regulatory arbitrage in relation to MFS in
South African law is discussed.
The legal and regulatory regimes in the European Union, Kenya and the United States of America are
compared with South Africa. The need for a coordinated payments-specific law that has consumer
protections, enables proportional risk-based licensing of new non-bank providers of MFS, and allows for a
regulator for retail payments is recommended. The use of trust companies and trust accounts is
recommended for protection of user funds.
| vi / Public, Constitutional and International Law / LL. D.
|
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