No description available.

Bakgrund: Patienter med svår smärtproblematik utsätts för ett stort lidande och risken för psykiska- och fysiska komplikationer ökar. För att behandla dessa patienter på bästa sätt krävs adekvat smärtbehandling. För att kunna följa upp och utvärdera både smärtan och smärtbehandlingen är det viktigt med en god smärtdokumentation. Syfte: Att studera smärtdokumentationen hos tidigare inneliggande patienter med smärtproblematik som under denna tid blivit konsulterade av Smärtcentrum på Akademiska sjukhuset, samt jämföra dokumentationen mellan de avdelningar som studerats. Metod: Studiens forskningsdesign är en kvantitativ retrospektiv empirisk studie där journaler för patienter vars vård Smärtcentrum har varit delaktiga i under 2015 utgjorde datan för studien. Det var 30 ortopedjournaler och 28 onkologjournaler som granskades. Resultat: Resultatet visade att patienterna fick sin smärta dokumenterad två gånger eller färre under en period på tretton dagar. Smärtskattning dokumenterades mest frekvent. Något signifikant samband mellan längden på patienternas vårdtid och frekvens i smärtdokumentation kunde inte konstateras. Det fanns en skillnad i frekvensen av smärtdokumentationen mellan onkologavdelningarna och ortopedavdelningarna. Slutsats: Frekvensen av smärtdokumentationen på de granskade avdelningarna visade sig vara undermålig och följer därmed inte de riktlinjer som finns. Detta försvårar arbetet för både konsultverksamheten samt personal på berörda avdelningar att få en helhetsbild kring patienternas smärtproblematik.  Risken ökar för både komplikationer och lidande hos patienterna. Ytterligare forskning krävs för att undersöka vad anledningen till den bristande dokumentationen är. / Background: Patients with severe pain are subjected to great suffering and the risk of psychological- and physical complications increases. To treat these patients optimally it requires adequate pain management. In order to monitor and evaluate both the pain and the pain treatment it is important with pain documentation. Objective: To study the documentation of pain on previously hospitalized patients with pain problems who during that time were consulted by the Pain Centre at Akademiska hospital, as well as compare the documentation between the included wards. Method: The design is a quantitative retrospective empirical study of medical records of patients consulted by Pain Centre at Akademiska hospital during 2015. The final sample consisted of 30 records from the orthopedic clinic and 28 from oncology clinic. Results: The results showed that the hospitalized patients had their pain documented less than twice during a period of thirteen days. Pain Measurment was documented most frequently. No significant correlation between the length of care and frequency of pain documentation could be found. There was a difference in the frequency of pain documentation between the included wards. Conclusion: The frequency of pain documentation for the consulted patients in the included wards at Akademiska hospital proved to be deficient and does not follow the guidelines. This complicates the work of the health care staff, and the monitoring and evaluation of the treatment. This also increases the risk of complications and suffering of the patients. Further research is required to investigate the reason of the lack of documentation.

Dabartiniai geodinaminiai procesai žemės paviršiuje pasireiškia vertikaliaisiais ir horiznotaliaisiais žemės plutos judesiais. Dėl vykstančių žemės plutos judesių keičiasi geodezinių ženklų padėtis, o dėl šios priežasties matavimų rezultatai bėgant laikui netenka reikalaujamo tikslumo. Darbo tikslas – ištirti vertikaliųjų žemės plutos judesių įtaką vertikaliesiems geodeziniams tinklams (Lietuvos vertikaliojo geodezinio tinklo pirmojo poligono pavyzdžiu). Tyrimo uždaviniai – atlikti literatūros šaltinių apžvalgą ir išnagrinėti dabartinių žemės plutos judesių vertinimo metodikas, atlikti vertikaliųjų žemės plutos judesių įtakos vertikaliajam geodeziniam tinklui tyrimą ekperimentiniame objekte, apibendrinti tyrimo rezultatus bei pateikti išvadas ir rekomendacijas. Tyrimo metodas – ekpserimentiniai ir analitiniai tyrimai. Iš atliktų tyrimų nustatyta, kad dėl vykstančių geodinaminių procesų apskaičiuotų pataisų reikšmė geodeziniams matavimams yra ne mažesnė už normalinių pataisų reikšmę. Įvertinant žemės plutos judesius, geodezinių ženklų aukščiai eksperimentiniame poligone kinta iki 18 mm, o geodinaminės pataisos yra nuo 3 iki 5 kartų didesnės už leistinas paklaidas. Daroma išvada, kad būtina įvertinti dabartinius žemės plutos judesius. / Recent geodynamic processes in the earth's surface appears by horizontal and vertical movements of the earth's crust. Because of these movements, geodetic marks change their position. Geodetic networks and geodetic measurements lose the required accuracy over the time. It is influenced by vertical movements of the earth's crust. Masters thesis aim - to investigate the vertical movements of the earth's crust affect for the vertical geodetic networks (the first polygon of Lithuanian geodetic vertical network). Masters thesis tasks – to make a literature review, examine the earth's crust movements evaluation methodologies, find out how vertical earth’s crust movement influence geodetic measurements, summarize the results and present conclusions and recommendations. Master thesis method – experimental and analytical investigation. Considering the earth's crust movements, the heights of the experimental character of geodesic polygon varies up to 18 mm, and the geodynamic corrections from 3 to 5 times are higher than the allowable correction. To sum up, the vertical earth’s crust movement impact must be evaluated. Structure: introduction, four chapters, conclusions and suggestions, six appendixes.

The diploma thesis is focused on measuring performance in social services, specifically in contributory organizations. The theoretical part deals with the definition and history of performance measurement as such, the description of the legal form of the contributory organization. Furthermore, the author deals with the definition of indicators, the description of their qualities in terms of the theory of performance measurement and models of performance measurement. In the practical part of the work, the author focuses on measuring performance in the field of care service and focuses on three possible and used indicators in the care service, namely the number of minutes / hours of direct work, the number of working hours and the number of clients. It analyzes these indicators in terms of the demands of performance measurement theory, describing the pitfalls associated with them in measuring performance in the care service and suggesting possible solutions. Keywords Performance measurment, social services, indicator, performance measurement models, balanced scorecard, benchmarking,

When stormwater flows from hard surfaces in urban areas it contributes with pollutants to nearby watercourses. Also runoff from rural areas dominated by agriculture and forestry can contribute with nutrients and pollutants to watercourses. How maximum concentrations and annual loads of pollutants are transported yearly to lakes and seas is crucial information for an adequate management of our natural waters. Several metals, like lead, copper, cadmium and zinc are harmful to humans, animals and plants. Estimates of concentrations and transports of metals is today often based upon manually collected samples, flow proportional samples or modeling in programs calculated from standards. All of these methods contains a lot of uncertainties. The yearly transports in watercourses is calculated through linear interpolation between samples. Uncertainties in the calculated yearly transports tend to increase with lower sampling frequencies, since changes in metal concentration is often overlooked. This study is based on samples from Hågaån, a stream located in the proximity of Uppsala, Sweden. The stream has influences from both stormwater and runoff from agricultural lands. The purpose of the study was to investigate in what ways turbidity can be used as an indirect measurement of metals. The relationship between turbidity and different metals were analyzed through linear regression. The results shows that a high frequency measurements with a turbidity sensor can be used in several different ways depending on the strenght in the relationship between turbidity and metal. If the obtained relationship is strong, as is the case for lead, a turbidity sensor could be used as an indirect measurement in the watercourse. In those cases when the relationship does not have the same credibility, a turbidity sensor could instead be used to model the metal concentrations between samples. It might be possible to apply a relationship between turbidity and metals also for stormwater for some metals, but further studies are inquired. Since the quality and flow of stormwater are highly variant, high frequency measurements with a turbidity sensor could provide a more complete picture of how the concentrations of pollutants vary over time. The relationship between turbidity and metals is dependant of the metal content in particles, optical properties but also the concentration of dissolved metals, which vary between watercourses and over time. It is therefore necessary to measure turbidity and metal concentrations in the watercourse of interest under different hydrological conditions. The more complex the relatinship is, the more measurements are required. This limit the usage of sensors to monitor metals. / Dagvatten som rinner av från hårdgjorda ytor i bebyggda områden bidrar med föroreningar till närliggande vattendrag. Även naturlig avrinning från icke-hårdgjorda ytor, som odlingsmark och skogsmark, kan bidra med näringsämnen och föroreningar  till vattendrag. Hur höga halter som förekommer, samt vilka mängder av föroreningar som årligen transporteras ut i sjöar och hav är viktigt att veta för att kunna följa upp Sveriges miljömål Giftfri miljö och vattenförvaltningens krav på god status. Många metaller som exempelvis bly, koppar, kadmium och zink är skadliga för människor, djur och växter. Uppskattningar av totalhalter och metalltransporter görs idag ofta baserade på relativt glest uttagna stickprover, flödesproportionell provtagning eller modelleringar i dataprogram beräknade från schablonhalter.  Alla dessa metoder innehåller stora osäkerheter. Årstransporter i vattendrag beräknas genom linjär interpolering mellan uttagna stickprover. Osäkerheterna i de beräknade årstransporterna ökar vid lägre provtagningsfrekvens, eftersom det är lätt att förändringar i metallhalten förbises. Denna studie baseras på mätningar från Hågaån utanför Uppsala, ett vattendrag som är påverkat av  både dagvatten och avrinning från jordbruksmark. Syftet med studien var att undersöka på vilka sätt turbiditet kan användas för indirekt mätning av metaller. Samband mellan turbiditet och metaller undersöktes genom linjär regression. Resultatet från mätningarna i Hågaån visade att högfrekventa mätningar med en turbiditetssensor kan användas på flera sätt beroende på styrkan i sambandet mellan turbiditet och metall. Om sambandet som erhålls är starkt, vilket är fallet för bly, skulle en turbiditetssensor kunna användas som en indirekt mätning i vattendrag. I de fall då sambandet inte är lika starkt, kan en turbiditetssensor istället användas för att fylla i data mellan stickproverna vid transportberäkningar. Detta minskar behovet av tät provtagning vilket kan ge en kostnadsbesparing. Samband mellan turbiditet och metaller borde kunna upprättas och appliceras även på dagvatten för vissa metaller, men vidare studier med längre mätserier krävs. Eftersom dagvattnets kvalitet och flöde är så varierande skulle en turbiditetssensor kunna ge en bättre bild av hur föroreningshalterna varierar över tid för metaller som är bundna till partiklar. Det finns överlag stora utmaningar kopplade till att mäta i dagvatten och en sensor kan i vissa fall utgöra ett bra komplement till andra metoder. Sambandet mellan turbiditet och metallhalt beror av partiklarnas metallinnehåll, optiska egenskaper och även halten lösta metaller, vilket varierar mellan vattendrag och även över tid. Det är därför nödvändigt med mätningar av turbiditet och metallhalter i varje enskilt vattendrag och under olika hydrologiska förhållanden. Ju mer komplext sambandet är desto fler mätningar behövs. Det begränsar användningen av sensorer för att övervaka metaller.

Title: The development of flexibility and its influence on sports training of judo Objectives: Analysis of the influence of flexibility in sports performance in judo and its appropriate methods of development. Methods: The diploma thesis was processed as a descriptive-analytical work in the form of a critical literary resource search. Results: Based on the literature search, it was found that judo in the main part of the training unit leads to the development of flexibility. It influences the speed of execution of the technique and improves sports performance. Flexibility can be amplified not only by the traditional stretching method, bud also by strength training. However, this is not the case with the development of maximum strength. There is no established test in testing methodology for evaluating flexibility. Keywords: Judo, flexibility, sports performance, resistance training, motor testing, literary research

Title: Possibilities of functional Evaluation of Patients after acute cerebral Palsy in Czech Republic Objectives: The main objective of this study was to describe the problems of functional assessment of patiens after stroke. Another objektive was to determine and compare the properties ofthe most commonly used functional measures designed for stroke,in our country. Methods: This work is theoretical - research work, which is the theoretical part of the period from September 2012 to June 2013 when retrieving data from literature sources using advanced targeted keywords and thein hotkey in databases based on EBM. The practical part of the study consisted of a questionnaire, which was using the questionnaire survey gathered data needed to evaluace the clinical utility, in the period from May 2013 to July 2013. After obtaining the necessary data from both theoretical and practical part of this data was evaluated and analyzed according to the standard metodology for the evaluation of functional measures for spinal patiens (Chapman, J.R. et al, 2007) and the results of the individual measures were mutually compared. Results: In the theoretical part of the available resources found high objectivity of the free evaluated measures, the measure Barthel Index and the Functional independence measure received...

Kvinnliga lärare upplever sitt arbete som meningsfullt samtidigt som de utsätts för tidspress, vilket har en negativ inverkan på deras psykosociala arbetsmiljö och hälsa. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva den självupplevda psykosociala arbetsmiljön hos kvinnliga lärare ur ett salutogent perspektiv. En tvärsnittsstudie enligt en kvantitativ design gjordes på 43 kvinnliga lärare på tre olika skolor med hjälp av instrumentet Work Experience Measurment Scale (WEMS). Kompletterande frågor om ålder och år av yrkeserfarenhet tillfördes för att undersöka eventuellt samband. Resultatet visade att det inte finns något statistiskt signifikant samband mellan ålder eller år av yrkeserfarenhet i hur deltagarna upplever sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö. För att beskriva kvinnliga lärares psykosociala arbetsmiljö ur ett salutogent perspektiv användes främst modellen “känsla av sammanhang” (KASAM). Deltagarna har starkt KASAM vad det gäller meningsfullhet men svagare KASAM i hanterbarhet och begriplighet. Slutsatsen för studien visar på att kvinnliga lärare upplever sitt arbete som meningsfullt vilket påverkar den psykosociala arbetsmiljön positivt. Samtidigt utsätts de för tidspress, vilket har en negativ inverkan på deras psykosociala arbetsmiljö. / Female teachers experiencing their work meaningful at the same time the work expose them for time pressure, which can have a negative impact on the health. The aim of this study was to describe self-perceived psychosocial work environment for female teachers in a salutogenic approach. A cross-sectional study with a quantitative design with 43 female teachers on three different schools was preformed, using the instrument Work Experience Measurement Scale (WEMS). Additional questions about age and years of work experience added to explore any relationship. The result show that there was no statistic significant relationship between age or years of work experience in how the participants experiencing their psychosocial work environment. To describe female teachers psychosocial work environment in a salutogenic approach has uppermost the model “Sense of coherence” (SOC) been used. The participants have a strong SOC regarding meaningfulness, but weaker SOC regarding manageability and comprehensibility. The conclusion of this study show that female teachers experience their work meaningful, which affect the psychosocial work environment positive, at the same time they are exposed for time pressure, which affect the psychosocial work environment negative.

Modern power networks incorporate communications and information technology infrastructure into the electrical power system to create a smart grid in terms of control and operation. The smart grid enables real-time communication and control between consumers and utility companies allowing suppliers to optimize energy usage based on price preference and system technical issues. The smart grid design aims to provide overall power system monitoring, create protection and control strategies to maintain system performance, stability and security. This dissertation contributed to the development of a unique and novel smart grid test-bed laboratory with integrated monitoring, protection and control systems. This test-bed was used as a platform to test the smart grid operational ideas developed here. The implementation of this system in the real-time software creates an environment for studying, implementing and verifying novel control and protection schemes developed in this dissertation. Phasor measurement techniques were developed using the available Data Acquisition (DAQ) devices in order to monitor all points in the power system in real time. This provides a practical view of system parameter changes, system abnormal conditions and its stability and security information system. These developments provide valuable measurements for technical power system operators in the energy control centers. Phasor Measurement technology is an excellent solution for improving system planning, operation and energy trading in addition to enabling advanced applications in Wide Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC). Moreover, a virtual protection system was developed and implemented in the smart grid laboratory with integrated functionality for wide area applications. Experiments and procedures were developed in the system in order to detect the system abnormal conditions and apply proper remedies to heal the system. A design for DC microgrid was developed to integrate it to the AC system with appropriate control capability. This system represents realistic hybrid AC/DC microgrids connectivity to the AC side to study the use of such architecture in system operation to help remedy system abnormal conditions. In addition, this dissertation explored the challenges and feasibility of the implementation of real-time system analysis features in order to monitor the system security and stability measures. These indices are measured experimentally during the operation of the developed hybrid AC/DC microgrids. Furthermore, a real-time optimal power flow system was implemented to optimally manage the power sharing between AC generators and DC side resources. A study relating to real-time energy management algorithm in hybrid microgrids was performed to evaluate the effects of using energy storage resources and their use in mitigating heavy load impacts on system stability and operational security.

The goal of this study is to analyze the current methods of expression the Value of Long-term Assets. The captures are in such order that after the explanation of basic terms there is application of the Measurment methods to different types of Assets, like tangible or intangible assets.