The purpose of this thesis is to show the short- and long-term responses and adaptations of workers and employers in the meatpacking industry to the new immigration enforcement strategy of the increased use of worksite immigration raids. Worksite raids have become part of the new immigration enforcement strategy of the Immigration and Customs Enforcement agency (I.C.E.). A review of the literature regarding the meatpacking industry, its history, relocation to and impacts on rural communities, and of immigration policy over the last 70 years is conducted. A case study of the Swift & Co. meatpacking plant in Hyrum, Utah that experienced a worksite immigration raid in 2006 and in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with five current and former plant workers, one former member of plant management, and one local ecclesiastical leader. The analysis reveals that the raid had strong impacts on the company, plant management, and workers. The company was sold the year after the raid due to financial losses suffered following the raid. Employers struggled to replace over 150 workers that were taken in the raid and to regain the trust of the remaining workers at the plant. Some workers lost close friends and family members in the raid and experienced instability and fear following the raid. It was found that employers made only one significant change following the raid in their hiring practices. They conducted more in-depth background checks with better follow-up with past employers of new applicants if the information was available. Workers were found to have made few changes after the raid since those not taken in the raid were confirmed as authorized workers and did not need to make many changes. The raid and more in-depth background checks led to more native-born workers being hired following the raid. This research indicates that the use of worksite raids has strong social and economic impacts on workers, employers, and local communities. More research is needed to better understand how the meatpacking industry and its workers are adapting to the new enforcement strategy and how effective this strategy has been, and will be in the future.

<p>This dissertation examines the rise of the country’s largest beef processor, IBP, Inc., during the late-twentieth century and its effect on laborers, farmers, business, and the communities in which it operated. Though scholars have cited IBP’s technological advances as the reason for the company’s success, I argue that IBP’s unique public relations approach that manufactured the consent of local communities to pay comparatively low wages, provide tax breaks, and in the instance of cattle producers defend IBP’s right to “free enterprise,” provided it with a competitive advantage. From 1960 through the 1980s, the meatpacking industry endured a revolution stemming from IBP’s ability to maintain enough community consent to gain large market shares and draw down substantial profits.</p> <p>Yet gaining and keeping consent was not easy, nor was it linear. At one point or another all of these entities opposed IBP on a myriad of fronts, but their early cooperation aided in creating a corporate juggernaut that often limited their economic or political power. For IBP’s part, the company’s founders and subsequent executive managers fostered a masculine, individualistic sense of corporate capitalism, which I refer to as cowboy capitalism. Executives painted themselves as farm boys and cowboys, as renegades who were bringing hard work and plain talk to the inefficient meatpacking industry. This conservative, bootstrap mentality played well in the Siouxland region of the Northern Great Plains, where IBP began. Just as corporate success is aided by community consent, rescinding consent creates challenges for the company that can temporarily cause a decline, or at the very least roadblock to company growth. Though founders, managers, and key innovators gain critical and laudatory attention for their role in growing American capitalism; extended community support in terms of governmental and non-governmental actors rarely have been the focus of a corporate study. It is community consent, both active and latent, governmental and non-governmental, that supported the cowboy capitalism IBP deployed to start a revolution.</p>

Entrevistas envolvendo técnicos ligados à área de confinamento são frequentemente utilizadas com o intuito de descrever as práticas nutricionais e de manejo em diversos países. Desta forma foi elaborado e aplicado um questionário com 78 questões pela ferramenta SurveyMonkey&reg;. Este questionário foi dividido em seis seções: (i) informações sobre o entrevistado (n = 2); (ii) critérios de abate (n = 35); (iii) informações sobre preço (n = 9); (iv) opções de manejo dos animais (n = 21); (v) distribuição dos animais nas baias (n = 5); e (vi) formulação de dietas (n = 6). Os entrevistados constituíram três grupos, sendo nutricionistas consultores (NC; n = 23), proprietários de confinamento (PC; n = 21) e gerentes de confinamento pertencentes a frigoríficos (GF; n = 8). A maioria dos entrevistados possuíam ensino superior, de acordo com 86% dos respondentes, e no total, eram responsáveis por 1.104.990 cabeças confinadas em 2015. Cerca de 58% dos entrevistados realizavam dois ciclos de confinamento por ano, cada ciclo com um período entre 80 e 100 dias de acordo com 44% dos entrevistados. Mais de 80% dos animais confinados pelos entrevistados eram machos, de acordo com 65% dos respondentes. Estes machos eram inteiros para 73% dos entrevistados, predominantemente da raça Nelore (75%). Os animais confinados possuíam idade média de 24,7 ± 0,84 meses e entraram com 378,1 ± 8,9 kg, saíram com 511,4 ± 10,7 em 107,6 ± 11,1 dias de confinamento. Na formação inicial dos lotes, o peso foi a característica mais usada (75%), entretanto, aproximadamente 71% dos entrevistados utilizaram uma combinação de critérios, como por exemplo, o sexo, a raça e o peso. Ferramentas computacionais foram utilizadas para gerenciamento do confinamento (71%) e na formulação das dietas (69%). Entretanto, 61% dos entrevistados não usaram nenhum software específico para caracterizar os animais na entrada do confinamento. O principal custo operacional (retirando os alimentos e o boi magro) foi a mão de obra (69%). As consultas sobre preços de itens alimentares e não alimentares foram realizadas diretamente com fornecedores finais por 59% dos entrevistados. Altos custos dos alimentos (52%) e os baixos preços do boi gordo (42%) eram motivadores da redução do número de animais ou da não realização do confinamento. Critérios econômicos mostraram-se determinantes na definição do período de confinamento, como a espera por melhores preços do boi gordo (36%) ou por bonificação em razão de melhor acabamento (29%). Os confinadores verificam o preço de mercado do boi terminado principalmente através da internet (61%). O destino dos animais era o mercado interno para 69% dos entrevistados e 60% dos respondentes também vendiam para o mercado externo por meio dos frigoríficos. O momento do abate foi definido, majoritariamente (71%), pelos gerentes do confinamento. Os resultados demonstraram que 65% dos entrevistados utilizaram o peso e o acabamento, ambos estimados visualmente, para indicar o momento do abate. Um feedback sobre a carcaça foi repassado ao responsável por essa decisão (71%) e 61% dos entrevistados ressaltaram a importância desta informação na melhoria da decisão. Dificuldades na identificação do momento ideal para o abate foram desafios descritos pelos entrevistados e 84,6% dos respondentes reconheceram que o método atual pode ser melhorado. Apenas um terço dos entrevistados (33%) vendia animais utilizando contratos futuros. O rendimento de carcaça (38%) e o preço da arroba (25%) foram os principais fatores na utilizados pelos entrevistados para escolha do frigorifico para abate. Os principais critérios mencionados como bonificação na carcaça foram: idade e sexo, adequação para exportação, rastreabilidade e características da carcaça (como gordura subcutânea, peso, área de olho de lombo e gordura) e raça. Em contraposição, segundo os entrevistados, as principais penalidades nos valores da carcaça ocorrem por condenação pelo serviço de inspeção federal, características da carcaça, lesões por vacinas, contusões, idade, sexo e resíduos de medicamentos. Verificou-se que parâmetro de qualidade da carne (e.g. maciez, marmoreio) não foi critério relevante nem para bonificação (5%) nem para penalização (3%). Os resultados deste trabalho descreveram vários parâmetros do manejo e da comercialização dos confinamentos nacionais. Os entrevistados fazem pouco uso das ferramentas de hedge, bem como utilizam poucas ferramentas computacionais para otimizar a atividade. A determinação do ponto de abate é feita com grande subjetividade, baseando-se quase que exclusivamente em avaliações visuais tanto para peso quanto para acabamento. / Interviews with feedlot managers are used to describe nutritional and management practices in several countries. In this way, a questionnaire containing 78 questions was structured and applied through the SurveyMonkey&reg; web tool. The questionnaire was divided into six sections: (i) general information (n = 2); (ii) slaughter criteria (n = 35); (iii) pricing information (n = 9); (iv) animal handling options (n = 21); (v) animal\'s allotment in feedlot pens (n = 5); and (vi) diet formulation (n = 6). Three groups comprised the interviewees: consultant nutritionists (NC; n = 23), feedlot owners (FO; n = 21) and packers feedlot managers (FP; n = 8). Most respondents had a bachelor degree (86% of the respondents) and were responsible for feeding approximately 1,104,990 animals in 2015. About 58% of the interviewees worked with two cycles of animals per year. The most usual feeding period was between 80 and 100 days (44% of respondents). More than 80% of the animals were males, 65% with 73% of the respondents feeding intact males. Most of the cattle were of Nellore breed (75% of respondents). The feeder animals had an average age of 24.7 ± 0.84 and 378.1 ± 8.9 kg, with final weight of 511.4 ± 10.7 kg and 107.6 ± 11.1 days respectively. Among the criteria used for pen formation, weight was the most used (75%), however, approximately 71% of respondents used a combination of different criteria primarily weight, gender and breed. The use of computational tools for feedlot management (71%) and diet formulation (69%) were common among respondents, however, interviewees (61%) did not use any software to characterize animals at the feedlot entry. According to the interviewees, the main cost of the feedlot, (excluded feeder and feed cost), was labor (69%). Products used were acquired directly with the final suppliers (59%). High feed costs (52%) and low finished cattle prices (42%) made interviewees reduce the number of animals fed shutting down the feedlot for that particular year. Economic criteria defined the feedlot period, with respondents waiting for an increase in finished cattle prices (36%) or for greater fat deposition (29%). Finished cattle prices were obtained through the internet (61%) and 69% of respondents sold to the domestic market. About 60% of respondents sold cattle for the international market through the meatpackers. The feedlot manager was responsible in most cases for the slaughter decision (71%). The results showed that 65% of the interviewees used weight and fat cover, both visually estimated, to decide the time of slaughter. The person making the decision to slaughter received feedback information from the packers about carcass traits in 71% of the cases. This information improved the decision to slaughter according to 61% of respondents. They considered identifying the optimal time for slaughter a great challenge and 85% of the respondents recognized that their current slaughter endpoint identification method could be improved. Only one third of all respondents (33%) sell cattle using futures contracts for finished cattle. Carcass dressing (38%) and price (25%) were the main reasons to elect a meatpacker to slaughter their animals. Criteria most frequently mentioned to reward the beef producer were: age and gender, suitability for export, traceability and carcass characteristics (including subcutaneous fat, weight, ribeye area and carcass fat) and breed. In contrast, according to the interviewees, criteria quoted for penalties were Federal Inspection Service condemnations, carcass characteristics, vaccination injuries, bruises, age and gender, and drug residues. Meat quality parameters (e.g. tenderness, marbling) were not relevant criteria for the Brazilian meatpackers, neither for bonus (5%) neither for penalty (3%). The interviewees make little use of hedge options, and use almost no computational tools to optimize their activity. The determination of the time of slaughter is made with great subjectivity, relying almost exclusively on visual evaluations for both weight and degree of finish.

Submitted by Kenia Bernini (kenia.bernini@ufpel.edu.br) on 2018-10-22T22:05:27Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Mônica_Renata_Schmidt_Dissertação.pdf: 2268254 bytes, checksum: a6744307dac0df21c9b51f7d72e357e0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-11-06T18:50:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Mônica_Renata_Schmidt_Dissertação.pdf: 2268254 bytes, checksum: a6744307dac0df21c9b51f7d72e357e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-11-06T18:50:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Mônica_Renata_Schmidt_Dissertação.pdf: 2268254 bytes, checksum: a6744307dac0df21c9b51f7d72e357e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T18:50:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Mônica_Renata_Schmidt_Dissertação.pdf: 2268254 bytes, checksum: a6744307dac0df21c9b51f7d72e357e0 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-30 / Sem bolsa / A presente dissertação enfoca aspectos importantes da experiência dos trabalhadores do Frigorífico Anglo de Pelotas, durante a primeira metade da década de 1940, com destaque para o regime de trabalho, valores e concepções dos trabalhadores, relações entre os empregados e empregadores, disputas judiciais em torno das relações de trabalho destacando a atuação dos trabalhadores, capatazes e patrões frente às instâncias do Judiciário. Busca-se entender como a Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho (CLT) - destinada a regulamentar minuciosamente as questões referentes ao mundo do trabalho, sobretudo condições de trabalho e disputas entre empregados e empregadores - foi incorporada na cultura do operariado local e usada como "arma" no enfrentamento com os patrões. Os processos trabalhistas que subsidiaram a pesquisa integram o acervo da Justiça do Trabalho de Pelotas e região, o qual está atualmente salvaguardado no Núcleo de Documentação Histórica da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NDH-UFPel). Foram selecionados 90 processos iniciados por trabalhadores contra o Anglo, dentre estes, foram escolhidos aqueles que contemplaram os objetivos da dissertação. O estudo dos processos torna possível perceber elementos constitutivos dos conflitos e disputas transcorridas na Justiça do Trabalho. Por outro lado, os autos trabalhistas indicam práticas e relações sociais que ultrapassam o cenário propriamente jurídico, como por exemplo, as experiências cotidianas nos locais de trabalho. / This dissertation focuses on the important aspects of the experience of Angelo workers in Pelotas during the first half of the 1940s, with emphasis on the work regime, values and conceptions of workers, relationships between employees and employers, judicial disputes around Of the labor relations emphasizing the work of the workers, foremen and bosses in front of the instances of the Judiciary. It seeks to understand how the Consolidation of Labor Laws (CLT) - aimed at regulating labor issues, especially working conditions and disputes between employees and employers - has been incorporated into the culture of local workers and used as a "weapon "In the confrontation with the bosses. The labor lawsuits that subsidized the research are part of the collection of the Labor Courts of Pelotas and the region, which is currently safeguarded in the Nucleus of Historical Documentation of the Federal University of Pelotas (NDH-UFPel). A total of 90 lawsuits were initiated by workers against Anglo, of which, those who contemplated the objectives of the dissertation were chosen. The study of the processes makes it possible to perceive elements constituting the conflicts and disputes passed in the Labor Court. On the other hand, labor records indicate practices and social relations that go beyond the legal framework, such as everyday experiences in the workplace.

Entrevistas envolvendo técnicos ligados à área de confinamento são frequentemente utilizadas com o intuito de descrever as práticas nutricionais e de manejo em diversos países. Desta forma foi elaborado e aplicado um questionário com 78 questões pela ferramenta SurveyMonkey&reg;. Este questionário foi dividido em seis seções: (i) informações sobre o entrevistado (n = 2); (ii) critérios de abate (n = 35); (iii) informações sobre preço (n = 9); (iv) opções de manejo dos animais (n = 21); (v) distribuição dos animais nas baias (n = 5); e (vi) formulação de dietas (n = 6). Os entrevistados constituíram três grupos, sendo nutricionistas consultores (NC; n = 23), proprietários de confinamento (PC; n = 21) e gerentes de confinamento pertencentes a frigoríficos (GF; n = 8). A maioria dos entrevistados possuíam ensino superior, de acordo com 86% dos respondentes, e no total, eram responsáveis por 1.104.990 cabeças confinadas em 2015. Cerca de 58% dos entrevistados realizavam dois ciclos de confinamento por ano, cada ciclo com um período entre 80 e 100 dias de acordo com 44% dos entrevistados. Mais de 80% dos animais confinados pelos entrevistados eram machos, de acordo com 65% dos respondentes. Estes machos eram inteiros para 73% dos entrevistados, predominantemente da raça Nelore (75%). Os animais confinados possuíam idade média de 24,7 ± 0,84 meses e entraram com 378,1 ± 8,9 kg, saíram com 511,4 ± 10,7 em 107,6 ± 11,1 dias de confinamento. Na formação inicial dos lotes, o peso foi a característica mais usada (75%), entretanto, aproximadamente 71% dos entrevistados utilizaram uma combinação de critérios, como por exemplo, o sexo, a raça e o peso. Ferramentas computacionais foram utilizadas para gerenciamento do confinamento (71%) e na formulação das dietas (69%). Entretanto, 61% dos entrevistados não usaram nenhum software específico para caracterizar os animais na entrada do confinamento. O principal custo operacional (retirando os alimentos e o boi magro) foi a mão de obra (69%). As consultas sobre preços de itens alimentares e não alimentares foram realizadas diretamente com fornecedores finais por 59% dos entrevistados. Altos custos dos alimentos (52%) e os baixos preços do boi gordo (42%) eram motivadores da redução do número de animais ou da não realização do confinamento. Critérios econômicos mostraram-se determinantes na definição do período de confinamento, como a espera por melhores preços do boi gordo (36%) ou por bonificação em razão de melhor acabamento (29%). Os confinadores verificam o preço de mercado do boi terminado principalmente através da internet (61%). O destino dos animais era o mercado interno para 69% dos entrevistados e 60% dos respondentes também vendiam para o mercado externo por meio dos frigoríficos. O momento do abate foi definido, majoritariamente (71%), pelos gerentes do confinamento. Os resultados demonstraram que 65% dos entrevistados utilizaram o peso e o acabamento, ambos estimados visualmente, para indicar o momento do abate. Um feedback sobre a carcaça foi repassado ao responsável por essa decisão (71%) e 61% dos entrevistados ressaltaram a importância desta informação na melhoria da decisão. Dificuldades na identificação do momento ideal para o abate foram desafios descritos pelos entrevistados e 84,6% dos respondentes reconheceram que o método atual pode ser melhorado. Apenas um terço dos entrevistados (33%) vendia animais utilizando contratos futuros. O rendimento de carcaça (38%) e o preço da arroba (25%) foram os principais fatores na utilizados pelos entrevistados para escolha do frigorifico para abate. Os principais critérios mencionados como bonificação na carcaça foram: idade e sexo, adequação para exportação, rastreabilidade e características da carcaça (como gordura subcutânea, peso, área de olho de lombo e gordura) e raça. Em contraposição, segundo os entrevistados, as principais penalidades nos valores da carcaça ocorrem por condenação pelo serviço de inspeção federal, características da carcaça, lesões por vacinas, contusões, idade, sexo e resíduos de medicamentos. Verificou-se que parâmetro de qualidade da carne (e.g. maciez, marmoreio) não foi critério relevante nem para bonificação (5%) nem para penalização (3%). Os resultados deste trabalho descreveram vários parâmetros do manejo e da comercialização dos confinamentos nacionais. Os entrevistados fazem pouco uso das ferramentas de hedge, bem como utilizam poucas ferramentas computacionais para otimizar a atividade. A determinação do ponto de abate é feita com grande subjetividade, baseando-se quase que exclusivamente em avaliações visuais tanto para peso quanto para acabamento. / Interviews with feedlot managers are used to describe nutritional and management practices in several countries. In this way, a questionnaire containing 78 questions was structured and applied through the SurveyMonkey&reg; web tool. The questionnaire was divided into six sections: (i) general information (n = 2); (ii) slaughter criteria (n = 35); (iii) pricing information (n = 9); (iv) animal handling options (n = 21); (v) animal\'s allotment in feedlot pens (n = 5); and (vi) diet formulation (n = 6). Three groups comprised the interviewees: consultant nutritionists (NC; n = 23), feedlot owners (FO; n = 21) and packers feedlot managers (FP; n = 8). Most respondents had a bachelor degree (86% of the respondents) and were responsible for feeding approximately 1,104,990 animals in 2015. About 58% of the interviewees worked with two cycles of animals per year. The most usual feeding period was between 80 and 100 days (44% of respondents). More than 80% of the animals were males, 65% with 73% of the respondents feeding intact males. Most of the cattle were of Nellore breed (75% of respondents). The feeder animals had an average age of 24.7 ± 0.84 and 378.1 ± 8.9 kg, with final weight of 511.4 ± 10.7 kg and 107.6 ± 11.1 days respectively. Among the criteria used for pen formation, weight was the most used (75%), however, approximately 71% of respondents used a combination of different criteria primarily weight, gender and breed. The use of computational tools for feedlot management (71%) and diet formulation (69%) were common among respondents, however, interviewees (61%) did not use any software to characterize animals at the feedlot entry. According to the interviewees, the main cost of the feedlot, (excluded feeder and feed cost), was labor (69%). Products used were acquired directly with the final suppliers (59%). High feed costs (52%) and low finished cattle prices (42%) made interviewees reduce the number of animals fed shutting down the feedlot for that particular year. Economic criteria defined the feedlot period, with respondents waiting for an increase in finished cattle prices (36%) or for greater fat deposition (29%). Finished cattle prices were obtained through the internet (61%) and 69% of respondents sold to the domestic market. About 60% of respondents sold cattle for the international market through the meatpackers. The feedlot manager was responsible in most cases for the slaughter decision (71%). The results showed that 65% of the interviewees used weight and fat cover, both visually estimated, to decide the time of slaughter. The person making the decision to slaughter received feedback information from the packers about carcass traits in 71% of the cases. This information improved the decision to slaughter according to 61% of respondents. They considered identifying the optimal time for slaughter a great challenge and 85% of the respondents recognized that their current slaughter endpoint identification method could be improved. Only one third of all respondents (33%) sell cattle using futures contracts for finished cattle. Carcass dressing (38%) and price (25%) were the main reasons to elect a meatpacker to slaughter their animals. Criteria most frequently mentioned to reward the beef producer were: age and gender, suitability for export, traceability and carcass characteristics (including subcutaneous fat, weight, ribeye area and carcass fat) and breed. In contrast, according to the interviewees, criteria quoted for penalties were Federal Inspection Service condemnations, carcass characteristics, vaccination injuries, bruises, age and gender, and drug residues. Meat quality parameters (e.g. tenderness, marbling) were not relevant criteria for the Brazilian meatpackers, neither for bonus (5%) neither for penalty (3%). The interviewees make little use of hedge options, and use almost no computational tools to optimize their activity. The determination of the time of slaughter is made with great subjectivity, relying almost exclusively on visual evaluations for both weight and degree of finish.

More than 3,5 billion people currently lives in cities, a number that is expected to increase further. The densification of cities makes it increasingly difficult for people to access natural areas, at the same time as biological diversity is threatened. In this study, we highlight the importance of urban ecosystem services through social and ecological aspects. This study presents a summary of different evidence-based solutions that contribute with urban ecosystem services. It moreover uses a case of urban development in Slakthusområdet (Meatpacking district), Stockholm, in order to describe contemporary processes that integrate solutions that contribute to urban ecosystem services. The results show that there are challenges in implementing these solutions with respect to political, economic, and market factors. The study thereby identifies how examining authorities and policy demands on a green factor tool enable ecosystem service solutions. By studying ecosystem services as part of a social-ecological system, this study ultimately contributes with knowledge on the execution of multifunctional solutions, which are becoming ever more important with the densification of cities around the globe. / Över 3,5 miljarder människor är idag bosatta i städer, och i framtiden förväntas den siffran öka. Förtätningen av städer försvårar människornas tillgång till naturområden samtidigt som den biologiska mångfalden hotas. I den här studien understryker vi de urbana ekosystemtjänsternas roll utifrån sociala och ekologiska aspekter. Härigenom presenterar den här studien en sammanställning över olika evidensbaserade gröna lösningar som bidrar med urbana ekosystemtjänster. Vidare tar den här studien avstamp i stadsutvecklingen av Slakthusområdet i Stockholm i syfte om att studera samtida processer kopplat till implementeringen av lösningar som bidrar med ekosystemtjänster. Resultatet pekar på att det finns utmaningar för implementering av lösningar som bidrar med ekosystemtjänster kopplade till ekonomi, politik och marknadslösningar. Därigenom identifieras kravet för grönytefaktor (GYF) och de granskande myndigheternas arbete med möjligheter för implementering av gröna lösningar. Genom att studera ekosystemtjänster som en del av ett social-ekologiska system bidrar den här studien med kunskap om tillämpningen av mångfunktionella lösningar, vilka blir allt viktigare i och med den ökade förtätningen av städer.

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2009. / Title from screen (viewed on August 28, 2009). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Marianne Wokeck. Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-99).

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-03T12:29:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Onofre Pereira Aurélio Neto - 2018.pdf: 12444183 bytes, checksum: 8d19ae06f16c288d567cca804d742989 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-03T13:22:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Onofre Pereira Aurélio Neto - 2018.pdf: 12444183 bytes, checksum: 8d19ae06f16c288d567cca804d742989 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-03T13:22:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Onofre Pereira Aurélio Neto - 2018.pdf: 12444183 bytes, checksum: 8d19ae06f16c288d567cca804d742989 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study is an analysis of Brazil's participation in the global meat market (beef, pork and chicken) and the emergence of Brazilian multinationals in the meatpacking sector, considering each stage of the internationalization process: national distribution, export, commercial offices, foreign production/distribution units and network organization. In this context, the study covers the JBS, Marfrig, Minerva and BRF case studies, and their trajectory from single location servicing national distribution to the multilocational expansion of these companies on a global scale. The study was based on bibliographic and documental research, with survey and treatment of secondary data, being the quantitative research allied with the case study and fieldwork in operational units (subsidiaries) in Brazil and abroad. In order to understand Brazil's competitiveness in relation to the production and export of meat as a commodity, it considers the logistics of exporting this product, identifying the means of transportation, ports and destination markets. Despite the bottlenecks within exportation logistics and the trade barriers faced by Brazilian products, it was found that Brazil is competitive in the international meat trade, with further potential to increase its participation in the global marketplace. To realize this potential, the country needs to reduce the operational obstacles inherent to internal logistics, through the creation of new export corridors and the deconcentration of ports. Despite being a so-called "global market," it has been found that this is a competitive environment, permeated by trade barriers that restrict access to commodities in some of the world's major markets. Some Brazilian companies in the meatpacking sector have opted to move forward in the internationalization process through direct foreign investment, acquiring operating units outside of Brazil, characterizing them as multinationals. As such, in the cases studied, the acquisitions and construction of overseas production units have been shown to form part of these companies' spatial strategy, to overcome trade barriers and increase operational revenue and their share in the world market. In turn, this network organization of Brazilian meat multinationals enables head offices to control their subsidiaries and favors the expansion of their operating markets, through establishing commercial contracts on a global scale. In this way, JBS, Marfrig, Minerva and BRF challenged the traditional order of the global economy and were able to compete directly with foreign companies in their own markets. In addition, these companies facilitated the integration between spaces which were otherwise considered disconnected, through their production and commercialization circuits. / Esta Tese analisa a participação do Brasil no mercado mundial de carnes (bovina, suína e de frango) e o surgimento das multinacionais brasileiras do setor frigorífico, de acordo com as etapas da internacionalização: territorialidade nacional, exportação, escritórios comerciais, unidades de produção/distribuição no território estrangeiro e a organização em rede. Assim, a pesquisa adentra no estudo de caso da JBS, Marfrig, Minerva e BRF, desde a simples localização e a territorialidade nacional até a multilocalização dessas empresas em escala global. O trabalho fundamentou-se em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com levantamento e tratamento de dados secundários, sendo a pesquisa quantitativa aliada ao estudo de caso e trabalho de campo em unidades operacionais no Brasil e no exterior. Para compreender a competitividade do país em relação à produção e exportação da commodity carne, abordou-se a logística de exportação desse produto a partir do território brasileiro, com a identificação dos modais, dos portos e mercados de destino. Apesar dos gargalos existentes na logística de exportação e do produto nacional enfrentar barreiras comerciais, verificou-se que o Brasil apresenta competitividade no comércio internacional de carnes, tendo ainda potencial para ampliar a sua participação no mercado mundial. Para tanto, o país precisa diminuir os obstáculos operacionais existentes na logística interna, por meio da criação de novos corredores de exportação e da desconcentração de portos. Apesar da expressão “mercado mundial”, verificou-se que esse é um ambiente competitivo e permeado por barreiras comerciais que restringem o acesso de commodities em alguns dos principais mercados do mundo. Algumas empresas brasileiras do setor frigorífico optaram por avançar no processo de internacionalização com o investimento direto estrangeiro (IDE), adquirindo unidades operacionais fora do território nacional, o que as caracterizam como multinacionais. De tal modo, as aquisições e construções de unidades de produção (UP) no exterior revelaram-se como parte da estratégia espacial das empresas pesquisadas para driblar barreiras comerciais, aumentar a receita operacional e a participação no mercado mundial. Por sua vez, a organização em rede das multinacionais brasileiras da carne permite o controle das filias pela sede e favorece a expansão de seus mercados de atuação, com o estabelecimento de acordos comerciais em escala global. Deste modo, a JBS, Marfrig, Minerva e BRF desafiaram a ordem tradicional da economia mundial e passaram a concorrer diretamente com empresas estrangeiras em seus próprios mercados. Além disso, essas empresas promoveram a integração entre espaços aparentemente desconexos, por meios de circuitos de produção e comercialização.

Slakthusområdet, the meatpacking district, is an industrial area from the 20th century. When designing a public center in the new district, the main goal has been how to manifest a public space without contradicting the spatial logic and the history represented in the existing architecture. I have approached architecture through model. With a series of models, and a unconditional approach, separate ideas have resulted in different geometries and shapes. The choice to operate in this media causes a discussion where every shape by itself is questioned and discussed. The proposal is a facility with a variety of programs where the multi-functional building structure frames the many potential activities. The precise cut between two spaces is defined according to their individual character. Yet not without a symmetry and openness which affect the visitors spatial experience to perceive the sensibility of the building where the experiences of the street, activities and building become one. / Slakthusområdet som ny stadsdel är ett område som präglas av 1900-talets stadsplanering - ett renodlat verksamhetsområde, med koppling till köttförädling och närhet till stadens infrastrukturella nod. Vid utformningen av ett lärocenter i den nya stadsdelen har målet varit att skapa en tydlig offentlig byggnad utan att helt bryta mot logiken i den befintliga kulturhistoriska miljön. Det är genom modell jag har försök att närma sig arkitekturen. Inom en satt ram, kravlöshet, har jag materialiserat idéer för att sedan ifrågasätta de olika utfallen. Modellerna jag byggt redovisar en process med intentionen att enkelt kommunicera projektet samt att skapa en diskussion om det som varje enskild modell redovisar, hands-on. Förslaget är en byggnad med en variation av rum. Den multifunktionella byggnadstypen har en horisontell delning där generösa publika ytor och intimare studiemiljöer orienterar sig i olika riktningar. Samtidigt bidrar symmetrin till en ökad förståelse för byggnaden och dess olika rum, detta tillsammans med en öppenhet i planerna gör att man kan röra sig fritt och lätt orientera sig i byggnaden.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / As historians have expanded their interests from focusing on great men and groundbreaking events to perspectives that explore everyday experiences or ordinary people, odor emerges as an important interpretative lens. Understanding the olfactory history of communities, especially what types of odors were present and how people perceived and reacted to them, enlarges historians’ understanding of the life experiences and behaviors of people in the past. The historical study of odor provides insights into how quality of life and standards of living have changed over time. Understanding how people of different times reacted to odors suggests how they perceived the sensory world around them, including people living close by. In this thesis, I examine the olfactory conditions of the neighborhood surrounding the Union Stockyards and associated meat processing facilities on Chicago’s south side in the first decade of the twentieth century. During this period, an overpowering combination of putrid odors characterized this neighborhood, known as Back of the Yards. Various factors contributed to this malodorous “smellscape,” and it impacted the quality of life of the predominantly immigrant communities that made up the workforce and residents of that neighborhood.