在過去幾十年間，科學素養備受國內外學者重視，提升國民的科學素養程度不但被多國政府納入國家重點施政方針，相關調查與具體的教育措施亦成為研究者的關注焦點。大眾媒體向來是一般閱聽眾接觸科學資訊最常見的管道，因此如何讓科學知識能普及於一般民眾，甚至讓非專業人士也能對科學有正面評價並支持科學發展，便成為科學工作者傳遞科學資訊的挑戰。針對民眾科學知識與科學素養的相關研究，近十多年來在國外幾乎不曾間斷。然若回顧台灣本地文獻，大規模的科學素養或科學態度調查則較少出現。為彌補此一研究缺漏，本文擬以全台灣地區的大學在學生為調查對象，透過科學問卷設計，進行全國大學生科學素養與科學態度調查，同時將媒介使用與人口變項納入分析之中，以期了解彼此間的相互關係。 本研究透過隨機抽樣，抽出十一所分別位於台灣北、中、南、東的大專院校，於民國九十八年六月間進行問卷調查與回收，最後共取得1838份有效問卷，以統計軟體SPSS中的t檢定與階層迴歸分析後，研究發現如下：一、在新聞媒介使用上，大學生接觸網路頻率最高，電視次之，報紙與雜誌殿後；二、在科學素養方面，男性、就讀理工組相關科系、念公立大學、在班上成績較佳的學生，有較好的科學素養程度；科學態度與科學素養則無顯著相關；三、除了電視新聞與電視科學內容接觸外，其他種類的媒介使用對科學素養並無顯著影響；四、本研究發現，收看電視的頻率越高，科學素養越低落，且無論新聞或科學節目皆然；五、在控制住所有可能的影響因素後，影響科學素養最有力的變項分別為「公私立大學」、「就讀科系」與「班上成績」，顯示學校教育與過去學習背景是影響台灣地區大學生科學素養程度的最主要因素。 / Over the past decades, a growing number of studies have focused on public scientific literacy and tried to examine it. Public familiarity with basic scientific concepts and principles has been proposed as essential for effective decision-making both in personal daily life and national policy. Quantitative and qualitative studies of the public understanding of science have been conducted in many countries. Those studies have provided valuable insights into to what extent that citizens may have understood important scientific concepts, and furthermore, into the ways in which they seek and use scientific knowledge and how they think about science. There were only few science literacy related studies conducted in Taiwan. Up till now, no representative and population-based study in Taiwan. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to estimate the level of scientific literacy of college students in Taiwan and to explore the relationships between media use, scientific literacy and the attitude toward science. This study conducted a national survey among college students in Taiwan. One thousand eight-hundred and thirty-eight students participating in this study from June 1, 2009 to June 22, 2009. As expected, male, public university students, majoring science and technology, with better academic performance, will have higher levels of scientific literacy. Scientific literacy is negative related to the frequency of watching television, whether news or scientific programs, which suggests TV programs in Taiwan do not provide quality science contents to audiences. After controlling for a range of socio-demographic variables, it is found that public or private university, major, and academic performance have significant effects on college students’ scientific literacy. Findings indicated that educational variables affect the level of scientific literacy of Taiwanese undergraduates the most.

The purpose of this study is to analyze women’s use of digital media in their everyday life and how they reflect on their use. We chose this field of studies because of our interest in the differences and similarities within generational media usage. The study uses two qualitative research methods to receive the empirical material, in form of observations and interviews of twelve women of two different generations. We used theories by Marshall McLuhan and Mark Deuze to analyze the empirical material where we worked inductively to find three themes within the material. The main results in this study display that the use of digital media is not completely reliant on which generation one is born into. Rather, what shows in the results are that the use of digital media is individual and depends on the person. Although, the respondents’ reflections on their digital media use differs between the two generations. Further, there are both similarities and differences within the generations, as well as between them. This study has social relevance and it contributes with an understanding of the media use of different generations of women.

This study applies bereavement and media use theoretical perspectives to examine how survivors use media to cope with spousal loss during the first two years. Specifically, this study explores whether survivors’ television use is associated with grief intensity. Potential associations between television use and grief intensity are explored using an online survey. A media use for coping scale is developed. The relationship between television oscillation (i.e., equal use of television for respite, and to cope with primary and secondary stressors) and grief intensity is also explored, and ten specific moderators of this relationship are examined: recency of loss, type of loss, social support, family proximity and contact, marital relationship quality, economic stability, pre-existing physical and mental health issues, and change in television use. Results were collected from 356 spousal survivors and indicate that television use to cope is associated with grief intensity. Survivors that report high television use in general are using more television for relaxation, companionship, acceptance, positive reinterpretation and growth, and emotional and instrumental support. The most dramatic effects are observed with television use for relaxation and companionship, and the smallest effects with television use for emotional and instrumental support. However, there was no association between television use for respite, or to cope with primary and secondary stressors and grief intensity. Results support the value of social support, family contact at the time of loss, fewer physical health issues, and decreasing general television use in promoting more positive bereavement outcomes. Results support television oscillation as a predictor of grief intensity, but only under certain circumstances. Four of the models show significant moderator effects between television oscillation and grief intensity: social support at the time of loss, family contact at the time of loss, pre-existing physical health issues, and change in television use since the loss. When survivors have less social support at the time of loss, television oscillation is associated with less grief intensity as predicted. However, when survivors have more social support, television oscillation is marginally associated with more grief intensity. Likewise, when survivors have less family contact, television oscillation is associated with less grief intensity as predicted. Conversely, when survivors have more family contact, television oscillation is associated with more grief intensity. When survivors have more pre-existing physical health issues, television oscillation is not associated with grief intensity as predicted. For survivors with fewer pre-existing physical health issues, television oscillation is associated with less grief intensity. When survivors decrease television use by approximately one hour, television oscillation is marginally associated with less grief intensity. On the other hand, when survivors increase television use, television oscillation is not associated with grief intensity. Current general television use was a highly significant control variable in all moderator analyses indicating more television use to cope is associated with more grief intensity. Recency, type of loss, marital relationship quality, family proximity, economic stability, and pre-existing mental health issues did not significantly moderate the relationship between television oscillation and grief intensity. This study extends previous work by merging the bereavement and media use literatures, and in the development of a media use for coping scale. Moreover, it provides important empirical evidence on theoretical models about bereavement. This expands the potential for discussions about the association of individual vulnerabilities with more positive bereavement outcomes.

Background: Social media (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter) as communication channels have great potential to deliver Human papillomavirus self‐test (HPVST) intervention to medically underserved women (MUW) such as women of low income. However, little is known about MUW’s willingness to participate in HPVST intervention delivered through social media. We evaluated factors that contribute to MUW’s intention to participate in the social media‐related intervention for HPVST. Methods: A 21‐item survey was administered among women receiving food from a local food pantry in a U.S. southern state. Independent variables were social media usage facilitators (including confidentiality, social support, cost, and convenience), and barriers (including misinformation, time‐consuming, inefficient, and privacy concerns). Dependent variables included the likelihood of participating in social‐driven intervention for HPVST. Both variables were measured on a 5‐point scale. We used multinomial logistic regression to analyze the data. Results: A total of 254 women (mean age 48.9 ± 10.7 years) comprising Whites (40%), Hispanics (29%), Blacks (27%), and Other (4%) participated in the study. We found that over 44% of the women were overdue for their pap smears for the past three years, 12% had never had a pap smear, and 34% were not sure if they had had a pap smear. Over 82% reported frequent social media (e.g., Facebook) usage, and 52% reported willingness to participate in social media‐driven intervention for HPVST. Women who reported that social media provide privacy (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 6.23, 95% CI: 3.56, 10.92), provide social support (AOR = 7.18, 95% CI: 4.03, 12.80), are less costly (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI: 3.80, 11.85), and are convenient (AOR = 6.17, 95% CI: 3.49, 10.92) had significantly increased odds of participating in social media intervention for HPVST. Conclusions: The findings underscore that the majority of the MUW are overdue for cervical cancer screening, regularly use social media, and are willing to participate in social media‐driven intervention. Social media could be used to promote HPV self‐testing among MUW.

The diploma thesis in the theoretical part deals with the concept of parental education regarding the media - media parenting. It provides a comprehensive view into this issue; describes its individual types, deals with various variables (on the part of parent and child) that affect the degree and the preferred strategy of media education. In the theoretical part I also mention the negative and positive influence of modern media on the education of children. The thesis also includes recommendations of world organizations for the prevention of problem and risky media use and the presentation of selected tools that measure the degree of media parenting. The main goal of the practical part of the work was to create a new questionnaire that would comprehensively determine the degree and style of media parenting, applied to parents of children 1-3. elementary school class. In this work I describe the process of its creation and subsequent verification in a pilot study. The diploma thesis also presents the psychometric properties of the questionnaire (e. g. the degree of internal consistency of the scales, or the results of confirmatory factor analysis). Based on the collected data, I further analyzed relationships between the scales of media parenting and other variables of socio-economic and...

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This study investigated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and social networking addiction to determine if it was mediated by anxious-avoidant attachment. It was hypothesized that the presence of an anxious-avoidant attachment pattern developed as a result of childhood maltreatment would mediate the correlation between anxious-avoidant attachment and social networking addiction. This would mean that participants who developed an anxious-avoidant attachment style due to childhood maltreatment would use social media in unhealthy ways. To measure childhood maltreatment, the Adverse Childhood Experiences scale (ACE) was used. The Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised scale (ECR-R) was used to measure anxious-avoidant attachment. Finally, social networking addiction was measured by the Social Networking Addiction Scale (SNAS). The sample was relatively young (M = 19.88, SD = 2.62), (n = 82). Three bivariate correlations and multiple linear regression were conducted to determine if an anxious-avoidant attachment pattern mediated the connection between childhood maltreatment and social networking addiction. A significant correlation was found between childhood maltreatment and anxious-avoidant attachment, as well as between anxious-avoidant attachment and social networking addiction. However, no correlation was found between childhood maltreatment and social networking addiction. It was concluded that no mediation was present.

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