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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Estigma internalizado em pacientes com transtorno de humor e fatores associados / Internalized stigma in patients with mood disorder and associated factors

Dayane Rosa Alvarenga Silva Gomes 28 September 2018 (has links)
Nos transtornos de humor, o estigma internalizado (internalização de estereótipos depreciativos associados a uma condição) é desafiador e prejudicial para a reabilitação e qualidade de vida do indivíduo. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o estigma internalizado e as associações entre essa variável e as variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, além da esperança e adesão ao tratamento entre pessoas com transtornos de humor. Este estudo com abordagem quantitativa foi realizado com uma amostra de conveniência de 108 pacientes com transtornos de humor, em tratamento em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial no interior de São Paulo - Brasil. Na coleta de dados foram aplicados os instrumentos: ISMIBR para investigar o estigma internalizado; MAT para investigar a adesão ao tratamento, EEH para analisar a esperança; aplicação da BPRS-a para observar a sintomatologia dos pacientes, e um questionário com questões sociodemográficas e clínicas. Na análise de dados foram empregados testes de comparação de média, teste de correlação e regressão linear múltiplo. Neste estudo predominam mulheres, sem ensino superior, sem companheiro, sem trabalho. A maioria tinha transtorno afetivo bipolar, era aderente ao tratamento medicamentoso, referiu internações psiquiátricas e tentativas prévias de suicídio e negou episódios de heteroagressão. Na amostra investigada, maiores níveis de estigma estiveram associados à maior sintomatologia, menor nível de esperança, tentativas prévias de suicídio, histórico de comportamento agressivo, internações psiquiátricas, não adesão ao tratamento e não ter trabalho. No modelo de regressão linear múltiplo estiveram associadas ao estigma as variáveis trabalho, tentativas de suicídio, sintomas e esperança. Nesse estudo foram identificados fatores que podem conferir ao indivíduo maior vulnerabilidade ao estigma internalizado e que precisam ser cuidadosamente investigados e abordados em intervenções voltadas para a redução do estigma e à reabilitação psicossocial / In mood disorders, the internalized stigma (internalization of derogatory stereotypes associated with a condition) is challenging and detrimental to the individual\'s rehabilitation and quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate the internalized stigma and the associations between these variables and sociodemographic, clinical variables, as well as hope and adherence to treatment among people with mood disorders. This quantitative approach was carried out with a convenience sample of 108 patients with mood disorders undergoing treatment at a Psychosocial Care Center in the interior of São Paulo - Brazil. In the data collection, the following instruments were applied: ISMI-BR to investigate internalized stigma; MAT to check adherence to treatment, EEH to examine the hope and application of BPRS-a to observe patient\'s symptomatology and a questionnaire with sociodemographic and clinical issues. In the data analysis, mean comparison, correlation test, and multiple linear regression tests were used. In this study, women predominated, without higher education, without a partner, without work. Most of them presented bipolar affective disorder, adhered to drug treatment, reported psychiatric hospitalizations and previous suicide attempts, and denied episodes of heteroaggression. In the sample investigated, higher levels of stigma were associated with greater symptomatology, lower level of hope, previous attempts of suicide, history of aggressive behavior, psychiatric hospitalizations, non-adherence to treatment and not having a job. In the multiple linear regression model, the variables labor, suicide attempts, symptoms, and hope were associated with the stigma. In this paper, were identified factors that may give the individual greater vulnerability to internalized stigma and which need to be carefully investigated and addressed in interventions or aiming at reducing stigma and psychosocial rehabilitation
72

Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e adesão ao tratamento de pacientes com angina estável em retirada de nitrato : evidências de ensaio clínico randomizado

Lemos, Karine Franke January 2012 (has links)
Introdução: O tratamento com nitrato fixo em pacientes com angina estável é comum na prática clínica. Contudo, os eventos adversos podem interferir na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso. O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a QVRS e adesão ao tratamento em grupos de pacientes com angina estável em retirada e manutenção de nitrato. Métodos: Ensaio clínico randomizado conduzido com pacientes com angina estável em dois grupos: intervenção com retirada de nitrato e introdução de placebo e controle com manutenção de nitrato. Ambos os grupos receberam três avaliações: basal, 30 dias e 120 dias no período de quatro meses. A QVRS foi mensurada pelo Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) e Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), e a adesão foi aferida pela escala de Morisky e contagem de comprimidos. Resultados: 105 pacientes foram randomizados (51: placebo e 54: nitrato). Após quatro meses, observou-se maiores escores nos domínios de dor (63+19; 67+23; 72+24; P=0,004) e aspecto social (87+19; 91+21; 91+19; P=0,002) do SF-36 e no escore de limitação física (74+11; 78+10; 78+8; P=0,006) do SAQ no grupo nitrato, e redução do escore de estabilidade da angina (81+19; 72+20; 72+24; P=0,031) no grupo placebo. Contudo, o tamanho de efeito foi igual ou inferior a 0,42 nesses domínios. A adesão aferida no final entre os grupos foi significativamente maior no grupo intervenção (94% vs 80%; P=0,041) com a escala de Morisky, mas não houve diferença entre os grupos na contagem da medicação. Conclusão: Pacientes com angina estável em uso de nitrato em comparação aos pacientes com uso de placebo não tiveram comprometimento clinicamente relevante da QVRS, porém demonstraram pior adesão ao tratamento na escala de Morisky. / Background: Long-term nitrate treatment of stable angina is associated with adverse events and can interfere with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and medication adherence. The aim of the present study was to compare HRQoL and adherence to treatment in patients with stable angina undergoing nitrate withdrawal and maintenance. Methods: Randomized clinical trial. Patients were allocated into an intervention group (nitrate withdrawal followed by introduction of placebo) or a control group (nitrate maintenance). The assessments were performed at baseline, 30 days, and 120 days with the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ). Treatment adherence was measured by the Morisky scale and pill count. Results: 51 participants were randomized for replacement of nitrate with placebo and 54 for maintenance of treatment with nitrate. After four months, SF-36 scores increased for the bodily pain (P=0.004) and social functioning (P=0.002) in the nitrate maintenance group. Increased SAQ scores were also noted for physical limitations (P=0.006) in the nitrate maintenance group. SAQ score for angina stability (P=0.031) decreased in the placebo group. However, the effect size was small ! 0.42 in those domains. At the end of the study, adherence was significantly higher in the placebo group (P=0.041), but no difference was detected between the groups with the pill count method. Conclusion: HRQoL was similar in patients with stable angina using nitrate regularly as compared to patients undergoing nitrate withdrawal. However, adherence to treatment was lower in nitrate users according to the Morisky scale.
73

Avaliação da adesão ao tacrolimo em crianças submetidas ao transplante hepático ortotópico

Oliveira, Janete Teresinha Pires de January 2017 (has links)
Introdução: No contexto do transplante de órgãos, a adesão à imunossupressão é imprescindível para evitar episódios de rejeição celular, perda do enxerto e óbito do paciente. No transplante hepático infantil, as taxas de não adesão aos imunossupressores variam de 10 a 70,4%, são aparentemente mais frequentes em pacientes adolescentes e raramente estudada em crianças abaixo de 12 anos de idade. Objetivos: determinar a prevalência de não adesão ao tacrolimo em crianças (idade no transplante < 12 anos), acompanhadas no Programa de Transplante Hepático Infantil do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, transplantados por no mínimo 1 ano, traçar o perfil dos pacientes classificados como sem adesão e identificar as possíveis repercussões desta sobre o enxerto. Material e métodos: Trata-se de uma coorte histórica de um único centro, onde os pacientes foram recrutados do banco de dados da Unidade de Gastroenterologia Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Foram revisados os registros médicos de todos os pacientes pediátricos que receberam um enxerto hepático. Critérios de inclusão: procedimento realizado entre os períodos de 1999-2011, por qualquer indicação, em uso de tacrolimo como imunossupressão de manutenção e com no mínimo cinco níveis séricos do imunossupressor em intervalos de aproximadamente três meses. Excluídos pacientes em uso de medicamentos que pudessem interferir no nível sérico do imunossupressor. Não adesão ao tacrolimo foi definida como valores de desvio-padrão do medicamento ≥ 2, considerando-se no mínimo cinco medidas consecutivas do nível sérico (índice de variabilidade do nível do tacrolimo). As características clínicas, sociais, e demográficas dos pacientes, idade e nível educacional maternos definiram a variável perfil do paciente. ALT > 60 IU / l (excluídas infecção e hepatotoxicidade), rejeição celular histologicamente comprovada, perda do enxerto e morte do paciente definiram repercussão da não adesão sobre o enxerto. Análise Estatística: foram utilizados os testes T de Student para as variáveis descritivas e o qui-quadrado para as variáveis categóricas. Valores de p < 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Resultados: Oitenta e seis pacientes menores de 12 anos foram submetidos ao transplante hepático nos períodos entre 1999 e 2011. Destes, sessenta e cinco preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Quinze foram excluídos, resultando em uma amostra final de cinquenta pacientes. Vinte e oito eram do sexo masculino (56%) sendo a média de idade de 4,0 ± 3,5 anos. A atresia biliar representou 62% das indicações de transplante, 87,7% eram lactentes e escolares. Não adesão medicamentosa foi observada em 22 (44%) dos pacientes e nas famílias com maior renda (p=0,045). Houve uma tendência da não adesão ser mais frequente nas famílias cujas mães tinham maior escolaridade (p=0,051). A média de idade materna foi de 31 anos e esta variável não esteve associada aos desfechos. ALT > 60 UI/l foi mais frequente nos pacientes sem adesão medicamentosa (p=0,035) e prontamente resolvida após ajuste da imunossupressão. A rejeição celular aguda foi semelhante entre os grupos (p=0,90). Óbito ou perda do enxerto não foram observados. Conclusão: Houve alta variabilidade do nível de tacrolimo na amostra estudada. Esta foi mais prevalente nas famílias com maior renda. Elevação transitória da ALT foi a principal repercussão dessa variabilidade sobre o enxerto. O índice de variabilidade do nível sérico de tacrolimo ≥2DP pode sugerir alguma falha da adesão medicamentosa. / Introduction: In the context of organ transplantation, the adherence to immunosuppression is important to avoid cell rejection episodes, graft loss and patient death. In pediatric liver transplantation, the rates of non-adherence to immunossupressors vary from 10 to 70,4%. This is more frequent in teenage patients and it is rarely studied in children younger than twelve years old. Objectives: Determining the prevalence of non-adherence to tacrolimus in children (age at transplant below 12 years) followed in the Pediatric Liver Transplantation Program of Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre (HCPA) for at least 1 year in order to establish these patients’ profile and identify possible repercussions of non-adherence of the graft. Materials and methods: This is a matter of a single center historical cohort in which patients were recruited from the Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit at HCPA. We verified medical records of all pediatric patients who received a liver graft. Inclusion criteria are: procedure carried out from 1999 to 2011 under any recommendation, using tacrolimus as a maintenance immunosupressor, and with at least five serum levels of tacrolimus in approximately every three months. Patients in treatment with medication that could interfere in the suppressor's serum level were excluded. Non-adherence to tacrolimus was defined when the medication standard deviation was greater than or equal to 2, considering at least five consecutive measurements of serum level (variability rates of the tacrolimus level). Each patient profile was defined by their clinical, social and demographic characteristics, as well as their mother's age and educational level. Alanine transaminase (ALT) higher than 60 UI/l (infection and hepatotoxity were excluded), histologically proved cell rejection, graft loss and patient death defined the repercussions on non-graft adherence. Statistical Analysis: We used T tests for the descriptive variables and chi-squared for the categorical variables. Values of p lower than 0.05 were considered as significant. Findings: Eighty-six patients younger than 12 years old were subject to liver transplantation between 1999 and 2011. From these, sixty-five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Fifteen patients were excluded, resulting in a sample of fifty patients. Twenty-eight were male (56%) and the average age was 4.0 ± 3.5 years. Biliary atresia represented 62% of the transplant indications. 87.7% were infants and students. Nonadherence to medication was observed in 22 (44%) patients and it more prevalent it families with greater income (p = 0.045). Non-adherence tended to be more frequent in families in which mothers had a better level of education (p = 0.051). The average age of the mothers was 31 years old and this variable was not associated with the outcomes. ALT> 60 IU/l was more frequent in patients without adherence to medication (p = 0.035) and immediately solved after an adjustment of the immunosuppression. Acute cell rejection was similar among groups (p = 0.90). Death and graft loss were not observed. Conclusion: There was a high variability in tacrolimus levels in the sample studied. This was more prevalent in families with higher income. Temporary elevation of ALT was the main effect of this variability on the graft. The variability rates of the serum level of tacrolimus, which was greater or equal to 2 SD (Standard deviation), may suggest failure of the medication adherence.
74

Pratiques diagnostiques et thérapeutiques dans la prévention et le traitement de l'ostéoporose et adhésion des patients / Diagnostic and therapeutic practices for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and patient medication adherence

Bergeron, Marie 21 December 2018 (has links)
L'ostéoporose est une maladie qui fragilise la structure osseuse et provoque des fractures qui ont des conséquences individuelles et sociétales importantes. Certains traitements ont démontré leur efficacité dans la réduction du risque de fracture, mais il s'avère que les prises en charge diagnostiques et thérapeutiques, ainsi que l'adhésion thérapeutique des patients ne sont pas optimales, réduisant ainsi les bénéfices de ces thérapeutiques en pratique réelle. Nous nous sommes tout d'abord intéressés aux pratiques de prise en charge diagnostiques et thérapeutiques et avons (i) quantifié l'augmentation massive des dosages sériques de vitamine D entre 2008 et 2013 et montré qu'elle était essentiellement due à une augmentation du nombre de patients recevant un seul dosage et (ii) montré que la proportion de patientes initiant un traitement anti-ostéoporotique suite à une fracture du poignet ou de l'humérus entre 2009 et 2011 demeurait faible en France (9%). Suite à ce constat, nous nous sommes interrogés sur l'efficacité et l'efficience des interventions visant à améliorer la prise en charge des patients à risque de fracture ostéoporotique. Notre revue de la littérature a montré que ces interventions avaient une efficacité significative sur la prescription de densité minérale osseuse mais un impact plus limité sur la prescription de traitement. Les interventions de type « structurelles » et celles consistant en un envoi de matériel éducationnel aux patients et ou professionnels de santé étaient des stratégies dominantes d'un point de vue médico-économique et les interventions avec un échange éducationnel étaient coût-efficaces. Enfin, chez des patients initiant un traitement par bisphosphonate oral nous avons comparé l'adhésion thérapeutique entre le princeps et le générique. Contrairement à notre hypothèse de départ, le fait d'initier le traitement avec un médicament générique n'était pas associé à une baisse de l'adhésion thérapeutique / Osteoporosis is a silent disease that weakens the patient's bone structure and causes fractures that have significant individual and societal consequences in terms of health and dependence. Treatments have been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of fracture, but it appears that diagnostic and therapeutic management and medication adherence of patients at risk of osteoporotic fracture are not optimal, which may minimize the benefits of these therapies in real practice. Initially, we focused on diagnostic and therapeutic management practices and showed that (i) the massive increase in reimbursements for vitamin D dosages observed between 2008 and 2013 was essentially due to an increase in the number of patients receiving a single dosage and not to intensive follow-up of a restricted population particularly at risk of deficiency, and (ii) the proportion of patients initiating anti-osteoporotis treatment following a wrist or humerus fracture between 2009 and 2011 remained low in France (9%). Following this observation, we questioned the effectiveness and efficiency of interventions aimed at improving the management of patients at risk of osteoporotic fracture. Interventions to improve the management of patients who have had a fracture or at risk of fracture had significant efficacy on bone mineral density prescription but a more limited impact on treatment prescribing. We have shown that "structural" interventions and those consisting of sending educational materials (for patients, health professionals or both) were dominant strategies from a medico-economic point of view, and that interventions with educational exchange were cost-effective. Finally, we compared the therapeutic adherence (implementation and persistence) of patients initiating oral bisphosphonate therapy between those taking the brand drug and those taking the generic drug. Initiating treatment with a generic drug was not associated with a decrease in therapeutic adherence
75

Adesão irregular aos antirretrovirais por pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS / Irregular adherence to antiretrovirals by people living with HIV/AIDS

Freitas, João Paulo de 11 June 2018 (has links)
Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa que teve por objetivo avaliar os aspectos referentes à adesão irregular aos antirretrovirais por pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto e pela Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica do Hospital das Clínicas de Ribeirão Preto. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de outubro de 2017 a abril de 2018, em duas unidades de internação especializadas em tratamento das pessoas com HIV/aids, de um hospital público do interior paulista sendo organizada em duas etapas: Aplicação do questionário elaborado pelo pesquisador e consulta ao prontuário eletrônico. A partir disso, a entrevista semiestruturada foi gravada e posteriormente transcrita e revisada pelo próprio pesquisador. Os dados quantitativos coletados foram organizados em planilhas do Microsoft® Office Excel 2011 for Windows. Logo após, os dados foram transferidos para o banco de dados definitivo e analisados por meio do software IBM®SPSS, versão 23.0 for Windows. A análise e processamento dos dados qualitativos foram realizados pela Classificação Hierárquica Descendente com base fundamentada no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Identificou-se que a adesão irregular aos antirretrovirais está intimamente ligada a aspectos do contexto social, econômico e cultural em que estão inseridas as PVHA. Apesar do tratamento no Brasil ser gratuito, as questões financeiras mencionadas têm relação com o cotidiano da vida social e exercem influência no uso regular do medicamento. Participaram do estudo 50 indivíduos hospitalizados. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 42 anos e a média do tempo de diagnóstico de HIV foi de 12 anos. Analisando as características clínicas, percebeu-se que 86,4% dos indivíduos tinham mais de cinco anos de diagnóstico e mantinham parceria afetiva sexual (84,6%) em relação aos que não mantinham (81,1%). Outras condições foram relatadas: necessidade de apoio familiar; uso de álcool e outras drogas e dificuldades com a adaptação à apresentação medicamentosa. As principais dificuldades enfrentadas por pessoas vivendo com HIV/aids hospitalizadas e que estão em adesão irregular são os efeitos adversos causados pelo medicamento, os problemas financeiros, o estigma social e familiar e o uso de álcool e drogas. Mais de 80% dos participantes apresentaram diagnóstico de HIV há mais de cinco anos. / This is a cross-sectional, qualitative and quantitative study whose objective was to evaluate the aspects related to irregular adherence to antiretrovirals by people living with HIV / AIDS. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Ribeirão Preto School of Nursing and the Clinical Research Unit of the Ribeirão Preto \"Hospital das Clínicas\". The data of collection took place from October 2017 to April 2018, in two hospitalization units specialized in the treatment of people with HIV / AIDS, from a public hospital in the interior of São Paulo. It was organized in two stages: Application of the questionnaire prepared by the researcher and consult the electronic medical record. From this, the semi-structured interview was recorded and later transcribed and revised by the researcher himself. The quantitative data collected was organized into Microsoft® Office Excel 2011 for Windows spreadsheets. Shortly after the data was transferred to the definitive database and analyzed using IBM®SPSS software, version 23.0 for Windows. The analysis and processing of the qualitative data were performed by the Descending Hierarchical Classification based on the Discourse of the Collective Subject. It has been identified that irregular adherence to antiretrovirals is closely linked to aspects of the social, economic and cultural context in which PLWHA are inserted. Although the treatment in Brazil is free, the mentioned financial issues are related to the daily life of social life and influence the regular use of the drug. Fifty hospitalized individuals participated in the study. The mean age of the patients was 42 years and the average time of diagnosis of HIV was 12 years. Analyzing the clinical characteristics 86.4% of the individuals had more than five years of diagnosis maintained a sexual affective partnership (84.6%) compared to those who did not maintain (81.1%). Other conditions were reported: need for family support; use of alcohol and other drugs and difficulties with adaptation to drug presentation. The main difficulties faced by people living with HIV / AIDS who are hospitalized and who are in irregular adherence are the adverse effects caused by the drug, financial problems, social and family stigma, alcohol and drug use. More than 80% of participants had been diagnosed with HIV for more than five years.
76

Intervenções para adesão terapêutica medicamentosa de pacientes com epilepsia / Interventions to enhance medication adherence of patients with epilepsy

Settervall, Cristina Helena Costanti 31 July 2014 (has links)
Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou comparar o efeito da intervenção de instrução complementar isolada e associada a recursos auxiliares, na adesão terapêutica medicamentosa de pacientes com epilepsia, além de verificar a correlação entre as medidas de adesão utilizadas - dosagem sérica de drogas antiepilépticas (DAEs), frequência de crises e autorrelato. Método: Realizou-se uma pesquisa clínica, experimental, incluindo 91 indivíduos com diagnóstico de epilepsia em acompanhamento ambulatorial que apresentavam alteração na adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso (Universal Trial Number- U1111-1142-3660). A alocação foi realizada de forma randomizada em Grupo Intervenção 1 (instrução complementar), Intervenção 2 (instrução complementar e lembrete da tomada da medicação por alarme de celular) e Intervenção 3 (instrução complementar e caixa organizadora de medicação). As mensurações da adesão foram realizadas imediatamente antes e quatro semanas após a implantação das intervenções. Resultados: A distribuição dos participantes quanto ao gênero foi similar. A idade média foi de 37,8 anos (dp= 12,1). A escolaridade foi, em média, de 9,8 anos (dp= 3,3). Cerca de metade dos pacientes era da raça negra, não tinha vínculo conjugal e não estava inserida no mercado de trabalho. A duração do tratamento com DAEs foi em média de 20,7 anos (dp=12,9), o Índice de Complexidade do Tratamento Medicamentoso em Epilepsia (ICTME) médio foi 18,8 pontos (dp= 9,8), predominou a politerapia (68,3%) e as crises do tipo focal sintomática (75,6%). Na avaliação inicial, 59,4% dos pacientes tinham percepção de que suas crises não estavam adequadamente controladas e os participantes da amostra informaram apresentar em média 4,9 crises no mês anterior (dp= 13,0). Indicação de baixa e média adesão pelo teste de Morisky foi um critério para inclusão na amostra e 84,6% dos participantes apresentou média adesão antes das intervenções. Na dosagem sérica inicial das DAEs, somente 42% dos participantes tiveram nível inferior ao terapêutico. Não houve correlação entre os resultados das medidas de adesão utilizadas, também não houve associação estatisticamente significativa das categorias do Morisky com a presença de crises e dosagem sérica inferior ao nível terapêutico. Além de tudo, a presença de crise foi independente da dosagem sérica abaixo da desejável. Segundo o teste de Morisky, os três grupos apresentaram melhora na adesão, significativa (p<0,001) e similar (p=0,870), após as intervenções. A frequência de crises e a dosagem sérica indicaram que somente o grupo de intervenção 2 apresentou aumento na adesão na avaliação final; entretanto, quando o efeito clínico desejado com as intervenções foi analisado, não se observou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os três grupos. Conclusão: A instrução complementar, sobre a doença e regime terapêutico prescrito, aplicada isoladamente apresentou efeito similar ao seu uso associado com o lembrete de tomada de medicamentos por alarme de celular e caixa organizadora de medicamentos. Não obstante, os valores das medidas de adesão não convergiram e, enquanto o escore do teste de Morisky indicou o aumento da adesão dos três grupos após as intervenções, a dosagem sérica e a frequência de crises apontaram essa melhora somente no grupo em que o alarme de celular foi utilizado. / Goal: This studys purpouse is compare the effect of the intervention of additional instruction alone and its association to ancillary resources to the medication adherence of patients with epilepsy, as well as investigate the correlation between the adherence measures used - serum levels of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), frequency of crisis and self-report. Method: We performed a clinical, experimental research, including 91 individuals with a diagnosis of epilepsy in outpatient following with altered adherence to drug treatment (Universal Trial Number- U1111-1142-3660). The allocation was done randomly in Intervention Group 1 (supplementary statement), Intervention 2 (supplementary investigation and medication reminder alarm of mobile phone) and Intervention 3 (supplementary instruction and medication organizer box). Measurements were taken immediately before and four weeks after the implantation of the interventions. Results: The distribution of participants according to gender was similar. The average age was 37,8 years (SD = 12,1). Schooling was on average 9,8 years (SD = 3,3). About half of patients were black, had no marital bond and were not inserted in the labor market. The treatment with AEDs lasted on average 20,7 years (SD = 12,9), the Epilepsy Medication and Treatment Complexity Index (EMTCI) average was 18,8 points (SD = 9,8), polytherapy (68,3%) and symptomatic focal seizures (75,6%) were predominant. At baseline, 59,4% of patients thought that their seizures were not adequately controlled and the sample reported an average of 4,9 seizures the previous month (SD = 13,0). Indication of low and intermediate adherence by Morisky test was a criterion for inclusion in the sample and 84,6% of participants showed an average adherence before interventions. Considering the initial serum levels of AEDs, only 42% of participants had less than the therapeutic level. There was no correlation between the results of the adherence measures used, and there was no statistically significant association of the categories of Morisky on the presence of seizures and serum level less than the therapeutic level. Above all, the frequency of crisis was independent of the serum level below the desired dosage. According to the Morisky test, the three groups showed improvement in adherence, significant (p <0,001) and similar (p = 0,870) after the intervention. The frequency of seizures and the serum level indicated that only the intervention group 2 showed increase in adherence at the final evaluation; however, when the desired clinical effect with the interventions was analyzed, no statistically significant difference among the three groups was seen. Conclusion: The additional instruction on the illness and prescribed treatment regimen applied alone had similar effect to its use associated with medication reminder alarm by mobile phone and medication organizer box. Nevertheless, the values of the adherence measurements have not converged, and while the score of the Morisky test indicated increased adherence of the three groups after intervention, the serum level and the frequency of seizures showed improvement only in the group where the alarm cell was used.
77

PATIENT ACTIVATION AND MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES

Dandan Zheng (5930957) 17 January 2019 (has links)
The objectives of this study were to assess patient activation levels, to assess association between sociodemographic characteristics and patient activation, to assess association between health status characteristics and patient activation, and to assess association between patient activation and medication adherence among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the 2009 through 2013 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS). Patient activation was measured with the Patient Activation Supplement in the MCBS and was categorized as low, moderate, and high levels based on activation scores. Medication adherence was assessed with proportion of days covered (PDC) using Medicare Part D administrative records from the MCBS within a period of six months after measurement of patient activation. The sample included Medicare beneficiaries who completed the MCBS Patient Activation questionnaire, who were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and who were 18 or older. Beneficiaries were excluded if they responded “Not ascertained,” “Not Applicable,” “Don’t know” or “Refused” to more than 50 percent of the Patient Activation questions, did not have continuous Medicare Part A and Part D coverage throughout the assessment period, had less than two Medicare Part D claims for an antidiabetic medication throughout the assessment period, used insulin during the assessment period, resided in long-term care facilities, or had Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, mental retardation or mental disorder. All analyses were conducted in SAS 9.4 for Unix environment. An <i>a priori</i> alpha level of 0.05 was used to determine significance. Bivariate and multivariable weighted ordinal logistic regression were applied for assessing associations. A total of 571 individuals met sample selection criteria. The mean age was 72.4 years. Of the 571 persons in the sample, 27.5 percent were at low activation level, 38.7 percent were at moderate activation level, and 33.7 percent were at high activation level. Approximately three-fourths of the sample persons were adherent to antidiabetic medications. Low activation was more likely to be found in males, less educated patients, and patients without arrhythmia. Ex-smokers as compared to non-smokers and overweight patients as compared to those with healthy weight were less likely to report low activation. In multivariable logistic analysis adjusting for race, gender, osteoporosis, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, and number of prescribed medications, patient activation level was not significantly associated with medication adherence. Non-Whites and patients with a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 1 as compared to those with a score of 0 were more likely to be non-adherent. A lower number of prescribed medications was associated with higher odds of non-adherence.
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Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e adesão ao tratamento de indivíduos em uso de anticoagulação oral: avaliação dos seis primeiros meses de tratamento / Health-related quality of life and its adherence to treatment of individuals in use of oral anticoagulation: evaluation of the first six months of treatment

Carvalho, Ariana Rodrigues da Silva 02 June 2010 (has links)
Estudo descritivo, correlacional, de delineamento longitudinal, com 78 pacientes que iniciaram anticoagulante oral (ACO) entre abril de 2008 a junho de 2009 em três serviços de saúde de um município do oeste do Paraná. Os objetivos foram avaliar a adesão medicamentosa e comparar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e o estado global de saúde no início e com seis meses de tratamento. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas individuais com instrumentos específicos para adesão farmacológica (Medida de Adesão ao Tratamento), QVRS (Medical Outomes Survey Short form - SF-36; Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale DASS), todos validados para o uso no Brasil, e o estado global de saúde (Escala Visual analógica EVA). Foram realizados testes de comparação de médias (Teste t de Student pareado e para amostras independentes), de correlação (coeficiente de correlação de Pearson) e de regressão linear múltipla. O nível de significância foi 0,05. Entre os sujeitos, 53,8% eram mulheres, com idade média de 56,8 anos, casados (71,8%), com baixa escolaridade e 48,7% não desempenhavam atividades remuneradas. As principais indicações para o uso do ACO foram fibrilação atrial (34,6%) e prótese cardíaca mecânica (26,9%) e o ACO mais usado foi a varfarina sódica (91%). Os resultados apontaram que após seis meses, apenas dois participantes foram classificados como não aderentes ao tratamento com ACO e que, no geral, houve melhora na QVRS avaliada por ambos os instrumentos. A avaliação pelo SF-36 mostrou que as diferenças entre os oito domínios foram estatisticamente significantes, exceto para saúde mental. Entretanto, as comparações das médias dos domínios do DASS foram estatisticamente significantes apenas para os domínios Impacto psicológico negativo e Impacto psicológico positivo. O estado global de saúde avaliado pela EVA apresentou valores médios que aumentaram da primeira para segunda avaliação, de 74 para 83, respectivamente, em um intervalo possível de zero a 100. Considerando como variável resposta a medida do DASS total, um modelo de regressão linear multivariada composto pelas variáveis idade, escolaridade, número de medicamentos em uso, indicação para o ACO, dosagem semanal do ACO, Saúde mental (domínio do SF-36), Vitalidade (domínio do SF-36) e intervalo terapêutico explicaram 39,3% da variância da medida da QVRS. Neste modelo, as variáveis com maiores valores de coeficiente beta () e estatisticamente significantes foram: idade (= - 0,317; p=0,017), número de medicamentos usados pelo indivíduo (= -0,353; p=0,005) e saúde mental (= -0,364; p=0,032). Um segundo modelo de regressão linear multivariada foi feito tendo como variável resposta a medida do estado global de saúde. As variáveis explanatórias foram: escolaridade, número de medicamentos em uso, Vitalidade, Saúde mental, Aspectos emocionais e intervalo terapêutico que explicaram 40,4% da variância desta medida. Os resultados obtidos podem subsidiar a prática dos profissionais da saúde na prevenção de fatores que possam afetar à adesão ao medicamento e a qualidade de vida dos usuários de ACO. / A descriptive, correlational design of longitudinal, with 78 patients who initiated oral anticoagulant taking (OAC) within the months of April, 2008 and June, 2009 in three health care services from a municipality of the state of Parana. The aims of this study were to evaluate the medication adherence and compare the health-related quality of life (HRQL) and the global health status in its beginning and within six months of treatment. The datas were all collected through individual interviews making use of specific instruments for pharmacological adherence (Means of Adherence to Treatment), QVRS (Medical Outcomes Survey Short form - SF-36; Duke Anticoagulation Satisfaction Scale DASS), which ones are validated to use in Brazil, and the global health status (Visual Analog Scale VAS).Comparison of average tests were applied (Students test t for paired and independent samples), of correlation (Pearsons correlation test) and of multiple linear regression. The significance level was set at 0,05. Among the subjects, 53,8% were women, at the average age of 56.8, married (71.8%), with low education and 48,7% did not performed any paid job. The main indications to the use of OAC were atrial fibrillation (34,6%) and mechanical cardiac prosthesis (26,9%) and the most used OAC was the warfarin sodium (91%). The results pointed out that after six months, only two participants were classified as not-adherent to treatment with OAC and that, by and large, there was improvement in the HRQL evaluated by both instruments. The evaluation with SF-36 showed that the differences among the eight domains were statistically significant, except for mental health. However, the average comparisons of domains of the DASS were statistically significant only to the negative psychological impact and positive psychological impact domains.The global health status evaluated by VAS presented average score increase from the first to the second evaluation, from 74 to 83, respectively, in a possible interval from zero to 100. Considering it as a variable response to the measurement of the total DASS, a model of linear regression multivariate made up by age variables, education, number of chemicals in use, indication to the OAC, weekly dose of OAC, mental health (domain of SF-36), Vitality (domain of SF-36) and interval therapy explained 39,3% of the variability of the measurement of HRQL. In this model, the variables with higher beta () coefficient scores and statistically significant, were: age (= -0,317; p=0,017), number of chemicals taken by the individual (= -0,353; p=0,005) and mental health (= -0,364; p=0,032).A second model of linear multivariate regression was done, taking into account as a variable response to the measurement of global state of health. The explanatory variables were: education, number of chemicals in use, Vitality, Mental health, Emotional functioning and interval therapy explained 40,4% of the variability of this measurement. The results obtained may subside the practice of healthcare professionals in the prevention of factors that may affect the adherence to the medication and the health-related quality of life of OAC users.
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A 12-Month Comparison of Medication Adherence, Combination Therapies, Psychiatric Hospitalization Rates and Cost of Care in Patients with Schizophrenia on Clozapine versus Quetiapine in an Outpatient Mental Health Treatment Facility

Bahraini, Zhinus, Baqseh, Aftehar, Quah, Bee-Chin January 2007 (has links)
Class of 2007 Abstract / Objectives: This 12-month retrospective, naturalistic study determined medication adherence, psychiatric hospitalizations, cost of services, cost of prescriptions, and rates of polypharmacy (less than 4 versus greater than or equal to 4 concomitant psychotropic medications) for patients receiving clozapine versus quetiapine therapy for the treatment of schizophrenia in an outpatient mental health facility. Methods: The clozapine and quetiapine groups were compared for gender, age, medication adherence rates, hospitalizations, cost of care, polypharmacy, and types of concomitant psychotropic medications over 12-months. The polypharmacy groups for clozapine and quetiapine (e.g., greater than or equal to 4 psychotropic medications versus less than 4 psychotropic medications) were compared for medication adherence. Results: A total of 71 patients met the entry criteria (44 = clozapine and 27 = quetiapine). The two groups were similar for age, gender, court order, average daily dose, and hospitalization rates. The clozapine group had a higher medication adherence rate of 0.901 (e.g., 329 days supply) compared to the quetiapine group’s adherence rate of 0.723 (e.g., 264 days supply) (p=0.007). The clozapine group had higher costs for medication, labs, and other services compared to the quetiapine group, as well as total costs of services (p=0.004). The clozapine group was on fewer concomitant psychotropic medications compared to the quetiapine group based on the rates of polypharmacy. Conclusions: Patient on clozapine therapy had improved medication adherence and lower rates of polypharmacy, but higher costs of care compared to quetiapine. The frequent monitoring required with clozapine may result in medication adherence that results in improved efficacy, less polypharmacy, and lower hospitalization rates. Further studies in larger populations are needed to compare different frequency rates of monitoring patients on outcome measures over a longer period of treatment.
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Hipertensão arterial sistêmica na população urbana e rural de Sacramento/MG: prevalência e não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso / Systemic arterial hypertension in urban and rural population of Sacramento/MG: prevalence and non-adherence to medication treatment

Patricia Magnabosco 26 March 2015 (has links)
A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é um problema de saúde pública devido aos altos índices de prevalência da doença, baixa adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso e controle insatisfatório da Pressão Arterial (PA) na população hipertensa. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência da HAS e identificar os índices e fatores relacionados à não adesão e abandono ao tratamento medicamentoso e não controle da PA nas áreas rural e urbana do município de Sacramento/MG. Trata-se de um inquérito epidemiológico de amostragem aleatória que envolveu 1.528 indivíduos com idade igual ou superior a 20 anos. Foram coletados dados relacionados a variáveis socioeconômicas, características clínicas e informações relativas a terapêutica medicamentosa e acesso ao serviço de saúde. A prevalência da HAS foi calculada a partir do relato do participante, uso declarado de anti- hipertensivos e constatação diagnóstica entre aqueles que desconheciam sua condição. A não adesão foi medida com o \"Questionário de Adesão a Medicamentos - Qualiaids\" (QAM-Q), validado no Brasil. Foi considerado abandono do tratamento a situação em que o participante informou estar há pelo menos uma semana sem tomar nenhum anti-hipertensivo; a avaliação do não controle considerou os hipertensos em tratamento que apresentaram a PA elevada no momento da entrevista. Na análise univariada utilizou-se o Odds ratio como medida de efeito. Para o ajuste das variáveis de confusão foi utilizado o modelo de regressão logística com nível de significância de p<0,05. Foram entrevistados 153 sujeitos residentes da área rural e 1375 da área urbana. A prevalência de HAS foi de 38,6%, sendo 38,6% na área urbana e 38,5% na rural. Entre os hipertensos (n=590), 8,5% desconheciam esta condição. Dentre os que conheciam sua condição de hipertenso (n=540), 90,6% estavam em tratamento, 58,9% não aderiam ao tratamento, 9,4% abandonaram a terapia medicamentosa e 47,4 % apresentaram a PA não controlada. As variáveis que apresentaram associação com a HAS foram: idade igual ou superior a 40 anos, obesidade, baixa escolaridade, falta de trabalho e histórico familiar de HAS. O desconhecimento da condição de hipertenso foi associado à baixa escolaridade. As variáveis associadas a não adesão foram: sedentarismo, uso do saleiro, consumo de alimentos industrializados, exercício do trabalho e não comparecimento às consultas médicas. O abandono do tratamento medicamentoso foi associado a: sexo masculino, idade jovem, baixa renda, tabagismo, consumo de alimentos industrializados, estresse, não comparecimento periódico a consultas médicas, medida esporádica da PA e viver sem companheiro (a). As variáveis associadas ao não controle da PA foram: renda per capita maior que um salário mínimo, etilismo, diagnóstico de HAS há mais de cinco anos, não comparecimento à consulta médica e não seguimento da prescrição medicamentosa. A identificação da prevalência e variáveis associadas à HAS e não adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso colabora para a elaboração de políticas públicas de saúde que visam reduzir complicações da doença e melhorar a qualidade de vida da população hipertensa / The Systemic Hypertension (SH) is a public health problem due to high rates of disease prevalence, low adherence to drug therapy and unsatisfactory control of Blood Pressure (BP) in the hypertensive population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of SH and identify the indices and factors related to non- adherence and discontinuation of drug treatment, and lack of BP control, in rural and urban areas of Sacramento Municipality, Minas Gerais. This is an epidemiological survey of random sampling, involving 1,528 individuals aged 20 years or above. Data were collected based on socioeconomic variables, clinical characteristics and information related to drug therapy and access to health services. The prevalence estimate of SH was calculated based on: participant\'s information, declared use of antihypertensive drugs, and diagnostic confirmed among those who were unaware of their condition. Non-adherence was measured with the \"Questionnaire Adherence to Medications - Qualiaids\". (QAM-Q), validated in Brazil. It was considered abandoning treatment when the individual reported at least one week without taking any antihypertensive. The assessment of lack of hypertension control, took in account those who showed elevated BP when interviewed. The Odds Ratio was used, in the univariate analysis, as a causative factor. To adjust the confounding variables was used a logistics regression model with a significance level of p <0.05. 153 subjects residents in rural areas were interviewed and 1375 in urban areas. The prevalence of hypertension was 38.6%; 38.6% in urban areas and 38,5% in rural areas. Among hypertensive (n = 590), 8.5% were unaware of this condition. Among those who knew their hypertensive condition (n = 540): 90.6% were in treatment, 58.9% did not adhered to treatment, 9.4% discontinued treatment with drugs, and 47.4% had uncontrolled BP. The variables that showed association with SH were: age equal to or greater than 40 years, obesity, low education, unemployment, and family history of hypertension. The ignorance of hypertension condition was associated with low education. The variables associated with non-adherence were: sedentariness, salt intake, consumption of processed foods, currently working, and not attending medical appointments. The abandonment of drug treatment was associated with: male gender, young age, low income, tobacco use, consumption of processed foods, stress, failure to appear periodically to medical appointments, sporadic BP measurement, and living without a partner. The variables associated with no BP control were: income per capita greater than a minimum wage, alcoholism, last testing for high hypertension done more than 5 years ago, not to attend to medical consultations, and not taking their medications as prescribed. Identifying the prevalence and variables associated with hypertension and non-adherence to medication, collaborated to develop public health policies that aim to reduce disease complications and to improve the quality of life in the hypertensive population

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