Cette thèse, inscrite dans le cadre méthodologique de l’histoire des représentations, vise à identifier les caractéristiques littéraires, visuelles et musicales de l’imaginaire médiévaliste inventé par le genre de l’opéra-comique français entre 1810 et 1830. Ces années correspondent à une tranche de vie privilégiée de l’imaginaire, celle de son épanouissement et de sa parfaite lisibilité. L’imaginaire se révèle aujourd’hui sur le mode de reflets d’une sensibilité désormais évaporée. Ses contours, conditionnés par l’impératif de la couleur locale, sont précisés au moyen d’une pluricité de méthodes : la prise en compte des conventions de l’opéra-comique, le recoupement d‘oeuvres – livrets, scénographie, partitions –, l’étude de la presse et du regard parodique qui lui est porté a posteriori. L’ensemble des informations collectées mène aux motifs médiévalistes d’opéra-comique, parmi lesquels une bande-son médiévaliste.Le défi méthodologique de cette thèse tient à sa démarche pluridisciplinaire, qui associe étroitement l’opéra-comique à son contexte. L’idée selon laquelle la musique ne prend son sens et sa couleur que dans un cadre imaginaire sous-tend cette approche. Parmi les autres pans médiévalistes de la culture d’époque, les romans de Charles Prévost d’Arlincourt constituent le socle de comparaison le plus précieux.C’est sur fond d’altérité que les contours du médiévalisme se dégagent le mieux, notamment par sa mise en regard avec ce qu’il devient en Italie et en Allemagne, dans le cadre d’adaptations. Si certaines intrigues françaises médiévalistes sont reprises à l’étranger, des motifs pourtant essentiels à la couleur locale en France restent intraduisibles et interdisent d’évoquer un style médiévaliste européen de l’art lyrique. En revanche, à l’heure où chaque pays se cherche une identité, certaines références européennes se retrouvent bel et bien d’une scène à l’autre. / This thesis is rooted in the methodological framework of the history of representations. It aims to identify the literary, visual and musical features of the medievalist imaginary invented in the French opéra-comique between 1810 and 1830. The imaginary now only appears through the reflections of an evaporated sensitivity and through discontinuous hintsthat need to be reassembled.Thus the characteristics of this imaginary conditioned by the couleur locale emerge from the combination of several methods: the comparison of several opéras-comiques – taking into account their booklets, set designs and scores –, the study of the Parisian press and investigation of parodic manifestations of the medievalism in the years that followed.The methodological challenge consists in a multidisciplinary approach, which tightly binds the opéra-comique with its context. The idea that music only acquires its meaning and color in an imaginary framework underpins this approach. Among the other French medievalist aspects considered, Charles Prévost Arlincourt’s novel provide the most valuableway to clarify the lyrical imaginary.The comparison with adaptations and translations of French medievalist plots in Italy and in Germany is one of the best way to identify the characteristics of the imaginary. Thus this study does not identify a European style but rather reveals some untranslatable components in the wake of French medievalist intrigues. However, at the time when each country is seeking roots and identity, some European references emerge in the context of the lyrical medievalism.

Il peut sembler étonnant de consacrer une étude d’ampleur aux fortunes politiques d’une fée médiévale, d’une part parce qu’il est habituel de distinguer merveilleux et politique - alors que le recours au merveilleux est courant pour légitimer un pouvoir ou pour fonder une communauté politique -, et d’autre part parce que la branche maîtresse de la lignée desLusignan, dont Mélusine est l’ancêtre mythique, est éteinte depuis 1308. Pourtant, étonnamment, Mélusine, merveille suscitant des interprétations et représentations contrastées, entre dans des dynamiques politiques multiples. Dès le Moyen Âge, elle incarne des fortunes diverses, l’essor et le déclin de la lignée des Lusignan, qu’elle justifie.Instrumentalisée à des fins de domination, de légitimation et pour célébrer une mémoire lignagère dans les romans médiévaux de Jean d’Arras (1393) et Coudrette (c.1401), Mélusine s’impose au fil des siècles comme la Merlusine, la mère des Lusignan, mais aussi d’autres lignées aristocratiques, par le biais de textes littéraires, paralittéraires etd’armoiries. Parallèlement, dès le Moyen Âge, mais de façon accrue depuis le XXe siècle, cette figure lignagère est défigurée, ses enjeux sont déplacés, et Mélusine peut ainsi informer des questionnements identitaires divers, relatifs à une classe sociale ou à un individu, à la Nation ou à l’affirmation d’idées féministes. / It can seam surprising to dedicate such a consistent study to political sorts of a medieval fairy, on the one hand because it is common to differentiate fantasy and politics — whereas the appeal to fantasy is common to legitimate a power or to build a political community —, and on the other hand because the main branch of the Lusignan lineage, of which Mélusine is the mythical ancestor, has been exctincted since 1308. However, surprisingly, Mélusine, a marvel drawing contrasted understandings and representations, falls into multiple political dynamics. As early as the Middle Age, Mélusine incarnates diverse sorts : the expansion and the decline of the Lusignan lineage that she justifies. Manipulated for domination andlegitimation purposes, as well as to celebrate a lineage memory explored in medieval novels by Jean d’Arras (1393) and Coudrette (c.1401), Mélusine establishes herself over the centuries through literary and paraliterary texts and coats of arms as the Merlusine, the mother of the Lusignan, but also the mother of other aristocratic lineages. At the same time, from the Middle Age onwards, but in an increased way since the 20th century, this lineage figure has been disfigured, its goals have been displaced, and Mélusine can respond to multiple identity questionings related to a social class or an individual, to the Nation or to the assertion of feminist ideas.

This thesis names the Oxford School of children’s fantasy literature as arising from the educational milieu of the University of Oxford’s English School during the mid-twentieth century. It argues that J.R.R. Tolkien and C.S. Lewis lay the foundations for the children’s fantasy genre by introducing an English curriculum at Oxford in 1931 (first examined 1933) that required extensive study in medieval literature, and by modelling the use of medieval source material in their own popular children’s fantasy works. The Oxford School’s creative use of its sources produces medieval ‘afterlives,’ lending the Middle Ages new relevance in popular culture. This research directly compares medieval literature to children’s fantasy works by Tolkien, Lewis, and four other Oxford-educated children’s fantasy authors in order to reveal the genre’s debt to actual medieval texts and to the Oxford English syllabus in particular. The four authors are Susan Cooper, Kevin Crossley-Holland, Diana Wynne Jones, and Philip Pullman. This thesis situates the tendencies of medievalised children’s fantasy in relation to Lewis and Tolkien’s personal and scholarly convictions about the patriotic, moral, and aesthetic qualities of medieval literature and folklore. Building on the theories of Michel de Certeau, this thesis demonstrates how Oxford School fantasy produces new mythologies for England and argues that, as children’s literature, these works have an implicit didactic function that echoes that of the English School curriculum. This thesis traces the attempts of some Oxford School authors to navigate or explode generic conventions by drawing upon new source material, and contends that the structures and hierarchies that underpin the genre reassert themselves even in texts that set out to refute them. It suggests that such returns to the norm can produce pleasure and invite diverse reading, growing out of the intertextual associations of each new rewriting.

A dissertação versa sobre as relações entre poesia e música no século XIX, bem como sobre a produção poético-musical resultante dessa união. O argumento central é o de que os poetas românticos foram colher inspiração no medievalismo europeu na só para a construção de uma mitologia nacional (indianismo), mas também para a concepção de uma arte única, pautada por essa aliança entre poesia e música nos moldes trovadorescos. Essa conexão foi além da musicalidade implícita na poética do período. Alguns românticos, tal como os trovadores, buscaram integrar as duas artes a partir de poemas escritos especialmente para serem musicados e apresentados em circunstâncias performáticas. Assim, nasceu, no Brasil, a parceria: um poeta produzindo a letra e um compositor musicando-a. A prática de fundir essas duas manifestações artísticas num todo único iniciada pelos trovadores teve continuidade em alguns poetas românticos, principalmente os que freqüentaram a tipografia do editor Paula Brito, fundador da conhecida Sociedade Petalógica do Rossio Grande. Das reuniões dessa sociedade resultaram diversos poemas musicados em forma de modinha ou lundu, examinados aqui de modo a evidenciar os temas recorrentes, bem como as imagens e metáforas musicais neles presentes. Essa aliança trouxe popularidade e novo alento, tanto para a música popular, quanto para a poesia brasileira que encontrou nessa aliança um meio de difusão que suprisse a carência de um público letrado. / This dissertation examines the relations between poetry and music in the nineteenth century, as well as the poetic-musical production which results from this union. The central argument is that romantic poets took inspiration from european medievalism not only for building a national mythology (indianism) but also for the conception of an unique art form, ruled by this alliance between poetry and music in the troubadourish models. This connection went beyond the implicit musicality of that era\'s poetry. Some romantic poets, as troubadours, wanted to integrate both arts from poems specially written to be set to music and presented in performance venues. Thus, the partnership was born in Brazil: poets started to create lyrics and composers set them to music. The practice of blending these two artistic manifestations in only one, initiated by the troubadours, had continuity with some romantic poets, mainly those who attended the editor Paula Brito\'s typography, founder of the well known Sociedade Petalógica do Rossio Grande. From these meetings came several poems set to music in form of modinha or lundu examinated here in order to portray the recurrent themes, as well as images and musical metaphors existing in them. This alliance brought popularity and enthusiasm for the popular music as for the Brazilian poetry, which found in this alliance a way of diffusion that would supply the need of the scholarly public.

O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é realizar um estudo sobre a presença, na poesia de João Cabral de Melo Neto, de artifícios compositivos associados às práticas poéticas antigas: em um primeiro momento, a doutrina da agudeza, a partir da experiência de alguns poetas seiscentistas espanhóis; já em um segundo momento, a poesia medieval castelhana, por meio da leitura do Cantar del Mio Cid , das obras de Gonzalo de Berceo e das Coplas sobre la muerte de su padre , de Jorge Manrique. Como se explicaria o uso de procedimentos técnicos antigos por um poeta moderno, considerado materialista e nominalista? A fim de buscar respostas para tal questionamento, pretende-se, de maneira mais específica, analisar os efeitos e as problematizações que tais recursos poéticos trariam para a lírica de João Cabral em um momento fundamental de sua construção poética: a publicação de O Cão sem Plumas (1950) e O Rio (1953). Por exemplo, os recursos retórico-poéticos próprios do século XVII incluem-se num sistema autor-obra-público que não é moderno e pressupõem regras estabelecidas para cortesãos numa sociedade de corte. A fundamentação desses recursos é substancialista, metafísica e escolástica. Logo, resta um questionamento: quais significações o uso de procedimentos técnicos antigos traria para a construção e para a recepção dessa poesia em pleno século XX? / The purpose of this master\'s thesis is to conduct a study on the presence of compositional artifices associated with ancient poetic practices in the poetry of João Cabral de Melo Neto: firstly, the doctrine of wit, from the experience of some Spanish poets of the 17th century; then, in a second moment, the Castilian medieval poetry, through the reading of El Cantar del Mio Cid , the works of Gonzalo de Berceo and Coplas sobre la muerte de su padre , by Jorge Manrique. How would one elucidate the use of ancient technical measures by a modern poet, considered materialistic and nominalistic? In order to find answers to such questions, it is intended, in a more specific way, to analyze the effects and problematizations that such poetic resources would bring to the lyric of João Cabral at a crucial moment of his poetic building up: the publication of O Cão Sem Plumas (1950) and O Rio (1953). For instance, the seventeenth-century rhetorical-poetic features are included in an author-work-public system that is not modern and presupposes established rules for courtiers in a court society. The basis of these features is substantialistc, metaphysical and scholastic. Hence, one of the questions raised by this work is: what are the meanings that the use of old technical procedures would bring to the building up and receiving of this poetry in the middle of the twentieth century?

A dissertação versa sobre as relações entre poesia e música no século XIX, bem como sobre a produção poético-musical resultante dessa união. O argumento central é o de que os poetas românticos foram colher inspiração no medievalismo europeu na só para a construção de uma mitologia nacional (indianismo), mas também para a concepção de uma arte única, pautada por essa aliança entre poesia e música nos moldes trovadorescos. Essa conexão foi além da musicalidade implícita na poética do período. Alguns românticos, tal como os trovadores, buscaram integrar as duas artes a partir de poemas escritos especialmente para serem musicados e apresentados em circunstâncias performáticas. Assim, nasceu, no Brasil, a parceria: um poeta produzindo a letra e um compositor musicando-a. A prática de fundir essas duas manifestações artísticas num todo único iniciada pelos trovadores teve continuidade em alguns poetas românticos, principalmente os que freqüentaram a tipografia do editor Paula Brito, fundador da conhecida Sociedade Petalógica do Rossio Grande. Das reuniões dessa sociedade resultaram diversos poemas musicados em forma de modinha ou lundu, examinados aqui de modo a evidenciar os temas recorrentes, bem como as imagens e metáforas musicais neles presentes. Essa aliança trouxe popularidade e novo alento, tanto para a música popular, quanto para a poesia brasileira que encontrou nessa aliança um meio de difusão que suprisse a carência de um público letrado. / This dissertation examines the relations between poetry and music in the nineteenth century, as well as the poetic-musical production which results from this union. The central argument is that romantic poets took inspiration from european medievalism not only for building a national mythology (indianism) but also for the conception of an unique art form, ruled by this alliance between poetry and music in the troubadourish models. This connection went beyond the implicit musicality of that era\'s poetry. Some romantic poets, as troubadours, wanted to integrate both arts from poems specially written to be set to music and presented in performance venues. Thus, the partnership was born in Brazil: poets started to create lyrics and composers set them to music. The practice of blending these two artistic manifestations in only one, initiated by the troubadours, had continuity with some romantic poets, mainly those who attended the editor Paula Brito\'s typography, founder of the well known Sociedade Petalógica do Rossio Grande. From these meetings came several poems set to music in form of modinha or lundu examinated here in order to portray the recurrent themes, as well as images and musical metaphors existing in them. This alliance brought popularity and enthusiasm for the popular music as for the Brazilian poetry, which found in this alliance a way of diffusion that would supply the need of the scholarly public.

A dissertação visa estudar as Sextilhas de Frei Antão de Gonçalves Dias, procurando compreender seu significado no conjunto da obra do autor e destacar sua relação com a corrente medievalista do Romantismo. As Sextilhas parecem destoar do espírito nacionalista que vigorou depois da Independência brasileira, pois além de reunir temas e lendas portugueses, simula uma linguagem arcaica. Por isso, o quadro ufanista e o programa de construção da nacionalidade do Segundo Império influenciaram a recepção negativa da crítica dos poemas de Frei Antão, contrariamente aos poemas indianistas de G. Dias que foram consagrados. A análise dos poemas das Sextilhas suscitou uma reflexão sobre o contexto histórico-cultural brasileiro do século XIX, temas caros e polêmicos para a sociedade brasileira oitocentista como a monarquia e a escravidão. Considera-se necessário recuperar o lugar dos poemas medievalistas como um dos aspectos precípuos da obra de Gonçalves Dias, pois a sua obra lírica e teatral, bem como a sua correspondência apontam para um programa poético de valorização da história e do medievalismo romântico. Para compreensão das Sextilhas, a pesquisa recorreu ao estudo de obras (livros, teses, periódicos) que versam sobre movimento romântico europeu e brasileiro, a poesia de Gonçalves Dias e outros românticos, o processo de construção da identidade nacional, a história do Segundo Império no Brasil e os aspectos temáticos e formais da lírica trovadoresca. Para o presente estudo considerou-se a edição das Sextilhas de Frei Antão revista pelo autor em 1857, composta por quatro poemas. A edição exclui o poema Lenda de Sam Gonçalo. / The dissertation aims to study the Sextilhas de Frei Antão by Gonçalves Dias, trying to understand its meaning in the set of the authors work. The paper also detaches Gonçalves Dias relation with the medievalism current of the Romantic Movement. The Sextilhas seems to disagree to the nationalistic spirit that invigorated after Brazilian Independence, because it congregates subjects and Portuguese legends and simulates an archaic language. In order that, the ufanism tendency as the nacionalism program had influenced the negative reception of the critical of the poems of Frei Antão. On the other hand, the critical review had consecrated the indianist poems of G. Dias. The analysis of these poems also motivated a reflection on the Brazilian historical and cultural context of century XIX about important and controversial subjects for the Brazilian society in the 1800s such as the monarchy and the slavery. It is considered necessary to recover the place of medievalist poems as one of the main aspects of the literature of Gonçalves Dias. His lyric and drama works, as well as his correspondence points out to a poetical program of valuation of history and the Romantic medievalism. For understanding the Sextilhas, the research had recoursed to the study of workmanships (books, theses, articles) about European and Brazilian Romantic Movement, Gonçalves Dias and other Romantic authors, the Brazilian process of the construction of national identity, the poetry history of Brazil and aspects of the medieval lyric. For the present study it was considered the edition of the Sextilhas de Frei Antão reviewed by the author in 1857, composed of four poems. The edition excludes the poem \"Lenda de Sam Gonçalo\".

A dissertação visa estudar as Sextilhas de Frei Antão de Gonçalves Dias, procurando compreender seu significado no conjunto da obra do autor e destacar sua relação com a corrente medievalista do Romantismo. As Sextilhas parecem destoar do espírito nacionalista que vigorou depois da Independência brasileira, pois além de reunir temas e lendas portugueses, simula uma linguagem arcaica. Por isso, o quadro ufanista e o programa de construção da nacionalidade do Segundo Império influenciaram a recepção negativa da crítica dos poemas de Frei Antão, contrariamente aos poemas indianistas de G. Dias que foram consagrados. A análise dos poemas das Sextilhas suscitou uma reflexão sobre o contexto histórico-cultural brasileiro do século XIX, temas caros e polêmicos para a sociedade brasileira oitocentista como a monarquia e a escravidão. Considera-se necessário recuperar o lugar dos poemas medievalistas como um dos aspectos precípuos da obra de Gonçalves Dias, pois a sua obra lírica e teatral, bem como a sua correspondência apontam para um programa poético de valorização da história e do medievalismo romântico. Para compreensão das Sextilhas, a pesquisa recorreu ao estudo de obras (livros, teses, periódicos) que versam sobre movimento romântico europeu e brasileiro, a poesia de Gonçalves Dias e outros românticos, o processo de construção da identidade nacional, a história do Segundo Império no Brasil e os aspectos temáticos e formais da lírica trovadoresca. Para o presente estudo considerou-se a edição das Sextilhas de Frei Antão revista pelo autor em 1857, composta por quatro poemas. A edição exclui o poema Lenda de Sam Gonçalo. / The dissertation aims to study the Sextilhas de Frei Antão by Gonçalves Dias, trying to understand its meaning in the set of the authors work. The paper also detaches Gonçalves Dias relation with the medievalism current of the Romantic Movement. The Sextilhas seems to disagree to the nationalistic spirit that invigorated after Brazilian Independence, because it congregates subjects and Portuguese legends and simulates an archaic language. In order that, the ufanism tendency as the nacionalism program had influenced the negative reception of the critical of the poems of Frei Antão. On the other hand, the critical review had consecrated the indianist poems of G. Dias. The analysis of these poems also motivated a reflection on the Brazilian historical and cultural context of century XIX about important and controversial subjects for the Brazilian society in the 1800s such as the monarchy and the slavery. It is considered necessary to recover the place of medievalist poems as one of the main aspects of the literature of Gonçalves Dias. His lyric and drama works, as well as his correspondence points out to a poetical program of valuation of history and the Romantic medievalism. For understanding the Sextilhas, the research had recoursed to the study of workmanships (books, theses, articles) about European and Brazilian Romantic Movement, Gonçalves Dias and other Romantic authors, the Brazilian process of the construction of national identity, the poetry history of Brazil and aspects of the medieval lyric. For the present study it was considered the edition of the Sextilhas de Frei Antão reviewed by the author in 1857, composed of four poems. The edition excludes the poem \"Lenda de Sam Gonçalo\".

The Medievalizing Process: Religious Medievalism in Romantic and Victorian Literature posits religious medievalism as one among many critical paradigms through which we might better understand literary efforts to bring notions of sanctity back into the modern world. As a cultural and artistic practice, medievalism processes the loss of medieval forms of understanding in the modern imagination and resuscitates these lost forms in new and imaginative ways to serve the purposes of the present. My dissertation proposes religious medievalism as a critical method that decodes modern texts’ lamentations over a perceived loss of the sacred. My project locates textual moments in select works of John Keats, Lord Byron, Charles Dickens, and Oscar Wilde that reveal concern over the consequences of modern dualism. It examines the ways in which these texts participate in a process of rejoining to enchant a rationalistic epistemology that stymies transcendental unity. I identify the body of Christ, the central organizing principle of medieval devotion, as the cynosure of nineteenth-century religious medievalism. This body offers a non-dualistic alternative that retroactively undermines and heals Cartesian divisions of mind and body and Kantian distinctions between noumenal and knowable realities. Inscribing the dynamic contours of the medieval religious body into a text’s linguistic structure, a method I call the “medievalizing process,” underscores the spiritual dimensions of its reform efforts and throws into relief a distinctly religious, collective agenda that undergirds many nineteenth-century texts.

The system of states that now covers the planet did not arise out of thin air; rather it was the product of historical forces that gradually coalesced around the state form. But the dynamics of that process no longer obtain. In their place, a new, highly complex amalgam of material and ideational forces is now in the ascendant -- and its arrival has serious implications for traditionally configured, "Westphalian" states. Understood as ("thick") globalization, this interlocking array of political, economic, social and cultural forces challenges the old order at two key points. First, traditional states had "hard shells," by means of which they were capable of consolidating differences between �inside� and �outside� to the point where the latter could more easily be quarantined. Second, for closely related reasons they were largely able to "absorb" domestic society, such that the individual was less a citizen than (s)he was a subject. But these (dubious) capabilities have been severely exposed and eroded, which leads us to ask, "Whither the state under globalization?" My thesis constitutes a sustained attempt to answer this question. The theme is a large one - and I believe that to be adequately treated, large themes require a varied approach. First, in terms of theory this means that I borrow from a significant diversity of recognized �Schools� within the discipline of International Relations. Second, in terms of method I follow a similarly pluralist line. Broadly speaking, the work is interpretive as opposed to explanatory, which is to concede that one cannot be �purely� scientific while standing inside the phenomena one wishes to examine. On the other hand, this forecloses neither the scientific method nor its guiding spirit. With respect to states and the international system, we can still be "scientific realists:" states are real structures whose nature can legitimately be approximated through sciences. In sum, I cleave to a sort of methodological middle ground between science and interpretation, taking from each in the measure that they advance the discussion. Third, in terms of normative intent my chief concern is with the way things are; but as it turns out, the way things are increasingly includes the way they ought to be. In other words, the ontology of our globalizing world is increasingly deontological in texture. This may sound contradictory. Nevertheless, the spread of universal norms - and of equally universal ordering principles, or patterns of global organization - has undeniable repercussions for the relationship between is and ought. In turn, the implications for states are profound. The answer to my central question, "Wither the state under globalization?" is this: we are now on the threshold of a neo-medieval era of segmented political authority. Centrally nested within this new order is the embedded cosmopolitan state, wherein universal and particular aspects of being can now be fully reconciled.