Although the significance of education is widely recognized, the content and regimentation of education is not often discussed in contemporary Japan. This thesis analyzed the Japanese education system from Meiji Restoration to today, revealing how the Japanese education system has molded citizens in favor of state power. The persistent system, which has produced citizen conformity, eventually created mindless self-censored citizens. As a result, because of the repeated education dogma, Japanese youths are desperately trying to be ideal Japanese citizens. Nevertheless, the ramifications of the education system in Japanese society, have led to the Hikikomori (or hidden youths) and high suicide rates. The findings of this thesis are based on the education guidelines from the Japanese education ministry and from interviews with various Japanese people. The conclusion is that if the Japanese education system keeps ousting the freedoms of students, the system may once again have a devastating effect on democracy as was seen in Japan in the 1930s. / Graduate

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Originally presented as the author's Thesis (Habilitationsschrift)--Universität, Trier, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 454-486) and index.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:23:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz_Carlos_Coelho_Feijo_Dissertacao.pdf: 11471069 bytes, checksum: bd4bbc8369f8449f10591dd22c250e07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-06 / Relatively recent in Brazil, the manga won fans of all ages and genres through titles like Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball Z, Rurouni Kenshin, One Piece and others. Many of its stories have historical background or reference parts of Japanese history, especially of samurai and shinobi (ninja), which has awakened the interest of Brazilian readers, hitherto accustomed to Western stories that mostly were purely fictional. All this notoriety gained by manga in the West drew the attention of Western scholars, among which we mention Sonia Bibe Luyten (2000); Paul Gravett (2006) and Robin Brenner (2007), leading them to conduct research ranging from appearance manga of the role played by them in Japanese culture today. Taking this into consideration, this study aimed at evaluating how three mangaká (Chrono Nanae, Watsuki Nobuhiro and Sorachi Hideaki) make use of their works to convey to his readers his view on certain events in the Meiji Restoration, whether through narrative or the representation of historical characters inserted into his plots / Relativamente recentes no Brasil, os mangás conquistaram fãs de diversas idades e gêneros através de títulos como Dragon Ball e Dragon Ball Z, Samurai X, One Piece entre outros. Muitas de suas histórias possuem fundo histórico ou fazem referência a partes da história japonesa, principalmente os de samurais e shinobis (ninjas), o que acabou despertando o interesse de leitores brasileiros, acostumados até então com histórias ocidentais que em sua grande maioria eram puramente ficcionais. Toda esta notoriedade adquirida pelos mangás no Ocidente chamou a atenção de estudiosos ocidentais, dentre os quais citam-se Sonia Bibe Luyten (2000); Paul Gravett (2006) e Robin Brenner (2007), levando-os a realizarem pesquisas que vão do surgimento dos mangás ao papel exercido por eles na cultura japonesa atual. Levando isto em consideração, este estudo tem por finalidade observar como três mangakás (Nanae Chrono, Hideaki Sorachi e Nobuhiro Watsuki) se utilizam de suas obras para transmitir a seus leitores a sua visão sobre determinados eventos ocorridos na Restauração Meiji, seja através da narrativa ou da representação de personagens históricas inseridas em suas tramas

Durant l'ère Meiji, afin d'occuper une position forte dans le concert des nations, le gouvernement japonais engage le pays dans un mouvement de modernisation. Dans le cadre de ce mouvement, les mathématiques occidentales, et en particulier la géométrie euclidienne, sont introduites dans l'enseignement. Cette décision est prise alors que, en raison du succès des mathématiques traditionnelles (wasan), aucune traduction sur le sujet n'est disponible. Mes travaux s'intéressent aux premiers manuels de géométrie élémentaire, qui ont été élaborés, diffusés et utilisés dans ce transfert scientifique. Une grille d'analyse centrée sur les questions du langage et des outils logiques est déployée pour mettre en évidence les différentes phases dans l'importation et l'adaptation des connaissances occidentales / During the Meijing era, the political context in East Asia led the Japanese authorities to embark on a nationwide modernization program. This resulted in the introduction of Western mathematics, and especially Euclidean geometry into Japanese education. However, as traditional mathematics (was an) were very successful at that time, there were no Japanese translations of texts dealing with this new geometry available at this time. My work focuses on the first Japanese textbooks that were developed, distributed and used during this period of scientific transfer. My analysis concentrates on language and logical reasoning in order to highlight the various phases in the importation and adaptation of Western knowledge to the Japanese context

Em uma época em que o pensamento científico, voltado para a máxima produtividade e o maior lucro possível, já dominava a humanidade, audaciosamente, Kakuzō Okakura, pensador e historiador de arte japonês do período Meiji (1868-1912) coloca-se contra esse domínio e postula a defesa da arte genuína, que transcende a lógica vigente. Atuando, num primeiro momento, em nome do governo japonês e, posteriormente, de maneira independente, Okakura lutou pelo reconhecimento do valor da arte nipônica perante a comunidade internacional, chegando a publicar três obras sobre o assunto em inglês. Trabalhou também em solo norte-americano, no Museu de Belas-Artes de Boston, como responsável pelo Departamento de Artes Chinesa e Japonesa. Dando sequência ao seu ideal, Mokichi Okada, religioso, artista e colecionador de arte, instituiu um museu particular, em Hakone, com o objetivo de democratizar o acesso a obras-primas japonesas, entre outras iniciativas; além disso, orientava seus discípulos a encararem a arte como meio de elevação e desenvolvimento do caráter, indispensável para a promoção de uma sociedade mais justa e melhor. Neste trabalho, mostraremos os pilares do pensamento estético de Okakura e Okada, e também suas ações concretas em prol da arte. / In times when the scientific thought, aiming the maximum productivity and greatest profit, already controlled humanity, audaciously, Okakura Kakuzō, a Japanese thinker and scholar of art who perfomed in Meiji Era (1868-1912), stands against this control and postulates the defence of genuine art, which transcends the prevailing logic. Working, in first place, under the Japanese government and, subsequently, in an independent way, Okakura fought for the recognition of Japanese arts value in the world, publishing three books in English. He also worked in the USA, at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston as the responsible of the Department of Chinese and Japanese Arts. Following Okakuras ideal, Okada Mokichi, religious, artist and art collector, he instituted a particular museum, in Hakone, aiming to democratize the access to Japanese masterpieces, and other initiatives; besides, he oriented his disciples to face art as way to develop and enhance the personality, essential for the promotion of a fairer and better society. In this work, we are going to show the pillars of the aesthetic thought of Okakura and Okada, and also their achievements in order to develop the arts.

Em uma época em que o pensamento científico, voltado para a máxima produtividade e o maior lucro possível, já dominava a humanidade, audaciosamente, Kakuzō Okakura, pensador e historiador de arte japonês do período Meiji (1868-1912) coloca-se contra esse domínio e postula a defesa da arte genuína, que transcende a lógica vigente. Atuando, num primeiro momento, em nome do governo japonês e, posteriormente, de maneira independente, Okakura lutou pelo reconhecimento do valor da arte nipônica perante a comunidade internacional, chegando a publicar três obras sobre o assunto em inglês. Trabalhou também em solo norte-americano, no Museu de Belas-Artes de Boston, como responsável pelo Departamento de Artes Chinesa e Japonesa. Dando sequência ao seu ideal, Mokichi Okada, religioso, artista e colecionador de arte, instituiu um museu particular, em Hakone, com o objetivo de democratizar o acesso a obras-primas japonesas, entre outras iniciativas; além disso, orientava seus discípulos a encararem a arte como meio de elevação e desenvolvimento do caráter, indispensável para a promoção de uma sociedade mais justa e melhor. Neste trabalho, mostraremos os pilares do pensamento estético de Okakura e Okada, e também suas ações concretas em prol da arte. / In times when the scientific thought, aiming the maximum productivity and greatest profit, already controlled humanity, audaciously, Okakura Kakuzō, a Japanese thinker and scholar of art who perfomed in Meiji Era (1868-1912), stands against this control and postulates the defence of genuine art, which transcends the prevailing logic. Working, in first place, under the Japanese government and, subsequently, in an independent way, Okakura fought for the recognition of Japanese arts value in the world, publishing three books in English. He also worked in the USA, at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston as the responsible of the Department of Chinese and Japanese Arts. Following Okakuras ideal, Okada Mokichi, religious, artist and art collector, he instituted a particular museum, in Hakone, aiming to democratize the access to Japanese masterpieces, and other initiatives; besides, he oriented his disciples to face art as way to develop and enhance the personality, essential for the promotion of a fairer and better society. In this work, we are going to show the pillars of the aesthetic thought of Okakura and Okada, and also their achievements in order to develop the arts.

This is a study of some of the works of the Japanese novelist, Ozaki Koyo (1867-1903). The aim has been to identify the legacy that the fiction of the Tokugawa period (1600-1868) left in his work, so comparatively little attention has been paid to his life or to works that throw no light on this question, such as his adaptations and translations of western literature. Koyo's fiction was influenced by two distinct literary traditions from the Tokugawa period. His interest in ninjobon, a genre of romantic novel, spanned his creative life and imparted to his works a tendency towards complex romantic plots and a concern for realistic dialogue. For a few years, however, this source of influence yielded to another: Koyo was involved in the revival of the works of Ihara Saikaku which took place in the years around 1890, and this profoundly affected his language and style for several years. Attempts to imitate Saikaku's fiction also enabled him to experiment with uses of the narrator that were foreign to ninjobon writers, and he became progressively more interested in probing the minds of his characters. He took these developments further in his last two novels, stimulated both by the western fiction he had read and by current literary fashions. In Tajo takon he used the narrator to express his rejection of views of marriage imported from the West; in Konjiki yasha he combined the qualities of ninjobon with a study of usury. Apart from revealing some of the areas in which Meiji fiction was indebted to tradition, Koyo's works show that the influence of Tokugawst fiction was not always as harmful as it is often supposed to be.

The postwar Constitution of Japan is one of the foremost legacies of american occupation. The aim of this study is to describe the circumstances of its creation, to evaluate the roles and motivations of the parties and individuals concerned, and to answer the following question: To what extent was the constitution imposed on Japan and to what extent was its contents a compromise? The study tries to emphasize the role of interaction between the GHQ and the japanese government prior to the presentation of the draft to the Imperial Diet. The focus is put on the analysis of the events of March 4th and 5th, during which the american and the japanese visions of postwar Japan clashed most dramatically.