Computer disk in pocket attached to back cover. / Bibliography: leaves 159-170. / System requirements for accompanying computer disk: Macintosh or IBM compatible computer. Other requirements: Microsoft Excel V 5.0 or later. / ix, 228 leaves : ill., map ; 30 cm + 1 computer disk (3.5") / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / In addressing the identification of the scope of energy-efficient goals within the broader design problem, the conceptions of the energy-efficient dwelling are examined, along with how published advice for the design of energy-efficient houses is derived from these conceptions, and the adequacy of this published advice as a basis for good design decisions. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Architecture, 1997

This study examines the reasons behind the decline in public transport patronage in Melbourne between 1950 and 1990, through a comparison with Toronto. The share of urban travel undertaken by public transport has declined since the Second World War in all developed countries, but public transport patronage in Melbourne appears to have declined more rapidly than in most other industrialised cities. Public transport has, however, gained or held ground in Toronto, where the form of development is similar in many ways to Melbourne. Most accounts of Toronto’s success (particularly in Australia) regard transport/land-use integration as the critical factor. The contrasting analysis maintains that Melbourne’s urban form has changed over this period to a dispersed, car-oriented pattern. This study evaluates a different interpretation of the ‘Toronto model’. This is that Toronto has undergone similar urban changes to Melbourne since the war, but has found a way of operating public transport successfully in a relatively dispersed environment. The contrast with Melbourne, then, is not primarily in land-use patterns, but in policies towards the operation of public transport.

South Africa’s VAT legislation has specific value and time of supply rules. It does not have a specific section for place of supply rules, but this is however incorporated within the various sections of the Act. Still, there is sometimes uncertainty regarding what the place of supply would be, especially when it comes to telecommunication services across borders. Some foreign countries, like European countries, have specific place of supply rules. However, South Africa does not specify where the specific place of supply of telecommunication services should be. International roaming complicates matters as a South African resident can visit a foreign country and make calls from the foreign country to yet another country, but is then billed in South Africa at a rate including VAT at 14%. One could argue that this is not the correct treatment as it could be deemed an export of services, which would generally be zero-rated. During the interviews it was discovered that the foreign network operator billed the South African network operator for the services rendered to the South African operator’s customer in the foreign country. Some operators levy VAT on this charge at that country’s VAT rate, whereas other countries’ operators will levy at a rate of zero percent. However, the South African resident is levied at a charge including VAT at 14%, regardless of whether the operator was charged VAT by the foreign operator or not. Costs of international roaming are already high and, therefore, international roaming can become very expensive for customers. The researcher suggests that the agreement be revisited and that VAT is only charged in the country where the consumption of the supplies takes place, or in the case of a service, where the service is utilized. It is however much more complex with telecommunication services as there are various networks that go through numerous countries, and can include the customer’s home country. AFRIKAANS : Suid-Afrika se BTW-wetgewing het reëls wat spesifieke waarde en tyd van lewering bepaal. Hoewel dit nie 'n spesifieke artikel het met reëls wat handel oor die plek van lewering nie, is dit egter in die verskillende artikels van die wet geïnkorporeer. Tog is daar soms onsekerheid oor waar die plek van lewering is, veral wanneer dit telekommunikasiedienste raak wat oor grense verskaf word. Sommige lande, byvoorbeeld Europese lande, het spesifieke reëls wat plek van lewering bepaal. Suid-Afrika spesifiseer egter nie die spesifieke plek van lewering van telekommunikasiedienste nie. Internasionale selfoon swerwery kompliseer sake omdat 'n Suid-Afrikaanse inwoner die buiteland kan besoek en oproepe van daar na nog 'n ander land maak, maar steeds in Suid-Afrika gefaktureer word teen 'n koers insluitend BTW teen 14%.’n Mens kan argumenteer dat dit nie die regte hantering is nie omdat dit 'n uitvoer van dienste geag kan word, wat gewoonlik genulkoers word. Daar is tydens die onderhoude ontdek dat die buitelandse netwerk-operateur die Suid- Afrikaanse netwerk-operateur faktureer vir die dienste aan die Suid-Afrikaanse operateur se kliënte in die buiteland. Sommige operateurs hef BTW op hierdie koste teen die koers van daardie land se BTW, terwyl ander lande se operateurs teen 'n koers van nul persent sal hef. Die Suid-Afrikaanse inwoner word egter teen ‘n koste insluitend BTW van 14% gefaktureer, ongeag of die operateur deur die buitelandse operateur teen ’n koste insluitend BTW van 0% of ‘n ander persentasie gefaktureer is. Koste van internasionale selfoon swerwery word gehef in die land waar die voorrade gebruik word, of in die geval van 'n diens, waar die diens gebruik word. Die koste kan baie hoog wees. Dit is egter baie meer kompleks met telekommunikasiedienste omdat daar verskeie netwerke is wat deur talle lande kan gaan. Dit kan moontlik in die kliënt se land van herkoms ook wees. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Taxation / unrestricted

Empowerment for those supporting the bereaved lies in understanding the processes by which meaning is constructed out of a loss. My concern is that models currently underpinning understanding and practice in grief recovery provide limited assistance to loss and grief practioners. These theories, based around set stages and tasks with pre-determined objectives, offer stereotypic "after the event" perspectives on the recovery process. This has value as background information, but in the extreme promotes a clinical, de-personalised approach to uderstanding and support. My experiences over more than a decade of working alongside the suicide-bereaved in particular, suggest that a more enlightened pathway lies with people and their stories. Working in an empathic dialogic relationship, with an emphasis on understanding rather than closure, is more appropriate in assisting those treading the very sensitive, very personal, bereavement path. Furthermore, the narrative grounded approach is more in tune with the processes involved; and more likely to lead to productive outcomes in both the short and long term.The presented model argues that bereavement recovery is a re-educative reconstruction process: trialogic, semiotic sign or symbol related; recognising significant personal autonomous control; genetically or organically activated and driven; dynamic and ongoing; and constructed out of the individual's socio-cultural knowledge base. The model further argues that recovery is best constructed in a climate of empathic understanding and genuine non-judgemental acceptance of the bereaved individual's current perceptual world. In expounding and supporting this model, the tradition of pragmatic educational philosophy has been found useful - in particular, relevant apects of the theories of Carl Rogers, John Dewey, Alfred Shutz and Charles Stanford Peirce.I contend that the proposed model may be applied to all forms of profound loss, however the main context for this research is a Bereaved-by-Suicide Support Group.

Despite the authoritative and very explicit directions from the Vatican in 1903, the Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne successfully resisted the demands for a major reform of liturgical Church music for 35 years. This thesis will examine the reasons for this strong and effective resistance to the demands of the Holy See and show that despite being complex and interrelated these reasons can be summarised under two fundamental headings. The thesis will examine the broad spectrum of music performed in the Melbourne Archdiocese, but because of the limited availability of information and the prime importance of the two principal churches of the Archdiocese, it shall concentrate on St. Patrick’s Cathedral and on St. Francis Church. The thesis shall also examine in detail the documents of the Holy See concerning liturgical music which were relevant to musical practice in Melbourne. Special attention is drawn to the influential Motu proprio Tra le sollecitudini (1903) issued by Pope Pius X. The time span of this thesis covers the 95 years from March 1843 when the first music was sung in Melbourne’s only Catholic church to 1938 when Archbishop Daniel Mannix ordered the reforms to liturgical music as demanded by the Vatican. The thesis shall demonstrate that the resistance to the reform of liturgical music in the Catholic Archdiocese of Melbourne was due to the two following influences: the fact that the new freedom and wealth that the immigrant Irish community of the Archdiocese of Melbourne experienced enabled them to establish churches and liturgies whose grandeur and artistic excellence symbolized their success in establishing a major new social and cultural status in their new home. Church music was one of the great manifestations of this and as an integral part of their new significance and sense of achievement, it was to be jealously guarded. the second was the matter of authority and the independence of the Catholic bishops from the dictates and interference of the Vatican authorities. These Irish-born bishops were trained in an historical milieu in Ireland and Europe which fostered a fierce pride in the value of autonomy from external and alien authority. In this they were given a great degree of protection by the isolation of Australia and its distance from outside authority. In this Archbishops Carr and Mannix both proved to be strongly independent leaders who proved to be most reluctant to automatically implement reforms imposed by the Vatican. It will be shown that only in the fourth decade of the twentieth century was Episcopal authority finally brought to bear to make reforms to liturgical music a reality in the Catholic Church in Melbourne.

Aim. While there is much talk of an emerging interest in spirituality in Australia, there is evidence of a declining affiliation with the established Churches. The impact of mainstream Christianity in these circumstances would appear to be waning. The continued attention given to the Church in the wake of these realities and that of the Church's dealing with situations of sexual abuse has often focussed around the way in which the Church has used its power and influence. While undoubtedly there is much evidence of the Church's service and care for its members and those most in need, more questions are being asked about the accountability of those who minister within the boundaries of Catholic Church structures, and the healthiness of those very structures for helping the Church to live out its mission with integrity. Further questioning has often been around the perceived intent of Church authorities, as seen by many, to return the Church to times prior to the Second Vatican Council when clerical authority was unquestioned. There are divergent viewpoints as to whether the call of the Council for wider involvement of lay people in Church decision-making and structures is in the process of being reversed. The researcher, coming from his experience as a member of a Catholic Religious Congregation of Men, is interested in looking broadly at the issue of how power is used in the Catholic Church, with a particular focus on a case study of one Group of Male Religious in the Archdiocese of Melbourne. The aim of the study is to provide further insight into use of power in the Catholic Church, and to offer some recommendations for future use of that power in a healthy and constructive way for the benefit of the Church and, ultimately, all of society. Scope. A Literature Review was carried out to investigate the broader issues of how power may be defined. A multitude of answers emerged, resulting in a rich understanding of power and some specific related factors: gender, hegemony, patriarchy, authority, leadership, empowerment and networks. Following these explorations around how use of power may be understood, examination of issues relating to abuse of power took place. Given this background, attention was then given to issues of power in relation to Church structures. With these learnings, the researcher conducted five focus groups of people who had relevant knowledge of the male Religious Congregation in Melbourne, which was the specific case study for this research. The groups included current members of the Congregation, former members, staff members in schools run by the Congregation, former students and a women's group. The study was restricted to one specific Congregation, the 'Brothers of St Charles' [fictitious name], in Melbourne, in order to provide a particular and manageable focus. While limited in scope, the study provides an analysis of the focus groups and a linking between this analysis and the Literature Review. Conclusions. The study finishes with some reflections by the researcher on the learnings of the study and recommendations arising from the study. Central place is given to the quality of relationships of those engaged in ministry on behalf of the Catholic Church. An interplay of personal and Church/Congregational factors is proposed in order to provide some qualitative assessment of the effectiveness of such relationships. In order for ministers to take up and use their power in an enriching way for themselves and particularly for those to whom they are called in service, recommendations are made around the need for learning about use of power as part of formation for Church personnel, around encouraging ongoing personal growth in those in Church ministry, around the importance of engaging in processes of healing where people have been hurt by past inappropriate use of power, and around the need to continually critique and challenge existing Church structures where there is injustice through lack of inclusivity.

This thesis analysed Religious Education Coordinators’ perceptions of their role in Catholic secondary schools of the Archdiocese of Melbourne from 1970 – 2000. The theoretical framework for the study, which was reported on in this thesis, was drawn from Catholic Church documents on religious education at both international and national levels, and from the work of researchers within the field of religious education. In particular the study investigated the diversity of language used to describe religious education and religious education theory and analysed the significance that this has had in the development of an understanding of the role of the Religious Education Coordinator. It was argued that there were significant factors in the development of the role of the Religious Education Coordinator that included changes in the understanding of the nature and purpose of religious education during the second half of the twentieth century. In addition there were historical factors peculiar to the Archdiocese of Melbourne that played an important part in the understanding of the RECs role. Quantitative data in the form of annual survey material (1988-1999) from the Catholic Education Office Melbourne provided a framework for the empirical component of the research. The empirical component involved the interviewing of Religious Education Coordinators from a deliberately selected sample that covered the range of skills and experiences deemed necessary in the research. The purpose was to ascertain from the perspective of the Religious Education Coordinators themselves how they analysed their role. Grounded theory methodology was used as the basis for the inductive analysis of the data that emerged from the in-depth interviews. Theory that was generated on the role of the Religious Education Coordinator includes: the importance of an understanding of the theoretical dimensions of religious education and the role of the Religious Education Coordinator; an elaboration of the role of the Religious Education Coordinator in the school context and the necessary skills and attributes that are required to meet the challenges in the role; and the complexity of the challenges that are faced by the Religious Education Coordinator.

Grief is a life changing and universal experience, expressed through individual sets of responses and behaviours. Society and health workers’ interpretation and beliefs regarding grief and bereavement have changed throughout the decades. This is a continually evolving process. As we move into a new century, so too does grief move into a new era where a new postmodern paradigm is arising. We are thus deviating away from stage theories that are time limited, linear and predictable. Emphasis in this new wave of thought is placed upon grief as an oscillating and highly unique experience, one that encourages a continuation of a bond and lifetime relationship with the deceased. This current qualitative study explores the new phenomenon in relation to both the grief process and bereavement support programs, by extensively reviewing the literature and analysing data from a number of interviews with the bereaved. Furthermore the supports offered by society, with particular focus on a Melbourne Community Bereavement Follow Up Program, are reviewed. By observing and discussing expressions of grief it was found, although unique and varying, some patterns or common behaviors emerged. Supports and comforts that assisted the bereaved are explored. Issues, including inappropriate comments and problems with bureaucratic departments, are also developed and discussed. There is an emphasis placed upon the need of health care staff and the community in general to increase their understanding of the grief process and bereavement support, so as to enhance care and practice when working with people who have suffered loss.

This thesis examines the perceptions of lecturers, graduates and employers of personal and interpersonal skills development in an accounting degree at Victoria University. The development of personal and interpersonal skills in students in higher education has been the focus of discussion amongst accounting educators, accounting practitioners and the accounting profession for many years. There is a general consensus on what skills are necessarily sought to ensure success within the accountancy profession but very few previous studies on how those personal and interpersonal skills are being developed. This research study presents a research framework which emphasises the complex interrelationships between an accounting curriculum, accounting lecturers, accounting graduates and employers of graduate accountants and their perceptions of how personal and interpersonal skills are developed. A case study approach, combining archival, qualitative and quantitative methods, is used to investigate how a Bachelor of Business Accounting degree in one Australian university facilitates personal and interpersonal skills development. The case study results indicate that the curriculum, as the vector for skills development, has both explicit and implicit references to skills outcomes. Graduates� perceptions of many of the personal and interpersonal skills considered in this study are closely related to the curriculum findings. However, there appears to be a lack of convergence between lecturers� perceptions, the curriculum and graduates� perceptions. Employers generally agree that graduates display most of the personal and interpersonal skills, albeit at a low level, in the workplace. There are curriculum implications arising from the results of this research for accounting academics who design and develop accounting programs where the value of graduates� personal and interpersonal skills are acknowledged. As a first step, academics need to improve accounting curricula by explicitly integrating personal and interpersonal skills in their subjects. Communicating to students the explicit nature of personal and interpersonal skills development and making them aware is the next step.

There have been a limited number of studies carried out on employee workplace identity. There have been many studies carried out on organizational change; however, they have been carried out mostly from an instrumentalist perspective where the topic of organizational change has been treated in isolation from other aspects of organization. The question of how a relationship exists between employee workplace identity and organizational change has been left unanswered. This thesis applies narrative theory as a conceptual bridge across identity and change. By considering how employees derive a sense of workplace identity from the workplace narratives, and organizational change as the destruction of existing workplace narratives and adoption of new workplace narratives, it is possible to gain new understandings of these concepts. A theory is developed which explains how narrative theory creates a relationship between identity and change. This new theory is further developed to explain how narrative theory creates a relationship between organizational identity, culture, leadership, conflict, and change. The new extended theory is applied to a narrative presentation of empirical data, which offers a powerful explanatory lens for understanding the relationship between these chosen aspects of organization.