• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 52
  • 40
  • 17
  • 15
  • 6
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 156
  • 155
  • 27
  • 19
  • 17
  • 16
  • 15
  • 15
  • 14
  • 13
  • 13
  • 12
  • 12
  • 12
  • 11
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

Detecção de complexos clonais hipervirulentos de meningococos por PCR em tempo real / Detection of clonal complexes hypervirulent meningococcal by real-time PCR

Sardinha, Guilherme Gonçalves January 2013 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T12:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 14.pdf: 2053160 bytes, checksum: 6a9f2af0a7daaa1f0f06673bc00622fc (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde / A doença meningocócica (DM) é uma enfermidade aguda, grave, de evolução rápida com taxas de mortalidade de 15 a 20% e que atinge principalmente as faixas etárias mais jovens, considerada um grave problema de saúde pública mesmo em países desenvolvidos. A DM está associada à colonização da nasofaringe de humanos, único hospedeiro, por uma bactéria Gram negativa, Neisseria meningitidis. O método considerado padrão ouro para a tipificação molecular da Neisseria meningitidis é o MLST, que consiste no sequenciamento de 7 genes Housekeeping , o MLST é uma técnica complexa que exige uma demanda de custo e tempo, tornando-se inviável sua implementação em laboratórios públicos que recebem amostras de Nm, uma estratégia que poderá contornar este obstáculo seria a PCR em tempo real que com poucas reações e em poucos dias fornecerá o perfil de MLST de isolados com alta porcentagem de confiabilidade. O objetivo do estudo é detectar os complexos clonais do MLST causadores dos grandes surtos de DM através de sondas específicas pela PCR em Tempo Real Qualitativa. A análise pelo MLST de 98 isolados estudados caracterizou todos os 15 isolados do sorogrupo B como integrantes do complexo clonal ST-32/ET-5 além de outras 11 cepas do sorogrupo C. O ST-103 foi o complexo clonal predominante entre as cepas do sorogrupo C com 43 isolados, outros STs foram encontrados para o sorogrupo C,ST-11 (n=11), ST-41/44 (n=2), ST-8/4A (n=9), ST-35 (n=1), ST-269 (n=1) e outros 5 isolados não foram associados a nenhum complexo clonal. A análise pela PCR em Tempo Real forneceu dados importantes como a caracterização de grande número dos isolados com 100% de certeza e de outros isolados com probabilidade acima de 75%. A PCR em Tempo Real qualitativa mostrou ser uma ferramenta rápida e sensível no auxílio a estudos epidemiológicos para controle de surtos regionais quando há a necessidade de ações rápidas por parte das autoridades de saúde pública. / Meningococcal disease (MD) is an acute illness, severe, rapidly evolving with mortality rates of 15 to 20% and that primarily affects younger age groups, considered a serious public health problem in developed countries. DM is associated with colonization of the nasopharynx of human host by Gram negative bacteria, Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). The method considered the "gold standard" for molecular typing of Neisseria meningitidis is the MLST, which consists in sequencing of 7 genes "Housekeeping", the MLST is a complex technique that requires a time and cost consuming, making it impractical implementation in public laboratories that receive Nm samples, a strategy that could circumvent this obstacle would be the real-time PCR with few reactions in a few days coud provide the MLST profile of isolates with a high percentage of reliability. The objective in this study is to detect the MLST clonal complexes causing major outbreaks of DM through specific probes for Real Time PCR Qualitative method. The analysis by MLST of 98 isolates studied featured all 15 isolates of serogroup B as clonal complex ST-32/ET-5 plus 11 other strains of serogroup C. The ST-103 was the predominant clonal complex among strains of serogroup C isolates with 43. Others STs were found for serogroup C, ST-11 (n=11), ST-41/44 (n=2), ST-8/4A (n=9), ST-35 (n=1), ST-269 (n=1) and other five isolates were not associated with any clonal complex. The analysis by Real Time PCR provided important data such as the characterization of large numbers of isolates with 100% certainty and other isolates with probability above 75%. The Real-Time PCR using the qualitative method proved to be a highly useful tool to aid in rapid and epidemiological studies for outbreak control is necessary when regional rapid actions of public health authorities.
72

Investigations into mechanisms of complement regulation and bacterial invasion of the innate immune response

Caesar, Joseph J. January 2012 (has links)
No description available.
73

Wirkmechanismus von Sphingolipiden und Sphingosin gegen mikrobielle Erreger / Mechanism of the bactericidal effect of sphingolipids and sphingosine against microbial pathogens

Kaiser, Lena Franziska January 2020 (has links) (PDF)
Die zunehmende Antibiotikaresistenz vieler Krankheitserreger ist ein weltweites Problem, welches zu einem klinischen Bedarf an neuen antimikrobiellen Substanzen führt. Sphingolipide einschließlich Ceramide stellen eine vielfältige Gruppe strukturverwandter Lipide dar und bestehen aus einem Sphingosin-Grundgerüst, welches mit einer Fettsäure verbunden ist. Sowohl das Sphingosin-Grundgerüst allein als auch Sphingolipide zeigen eine antibakterielle Wirkung gegenüber einer Vielzahl pathogener Mikroorganismen. Die Intensität der Hemmung hängt von der Sphingolipidstruktur und dem Mikroorganismus ab. Neuere Studien konnten zeigen, dass Sphingosin, Ceramide und Ceramid-Analoga in N. meningitidis aufgenommen werden und eine bakteriostatische oder bakterizide Wirkung zeigen. Jedoch ist die antibakterielle Wirkungsweise noch nicht genau bekannt. Um mehr über den Wirkmechanismus zu erfahren haben wir die ultrastrukturellen Veränderungen von N. meningitidis nach Inkubation mit azido-funktionalisierten Sphingolipiden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Verfahren (transmissionselektronenmikroskopische und rasterelektronenmikroskopische Aufnahmen) untersucht. Mittels korrelativer Licht- und Elektronenmikroskopie (CLEM) konnten wir die azido-funktionalisierten Sphingolipide nach Aufnahme in N. meningitidis lokalisieren. Zum Anfärben der funktionalisierten Sphingolipide wurde die kupferfreie Azid-Alkin-Cyccloaddition verwendet. / The increasing antibiotic resistance of many pathogens is a worldwide problem that leads to a clinical need of new anti-microbial compounds. Sphingolipids, including ceramides, represent a diverse group of structurally related lipids and are composed of a sphingosine backbone coupled to a fatty acid. Solely the sphingosine backbone as well as the sphingolipids show antibacterial activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. The rate of inhibition depends on the sphingolipid structure and the microbial strain. Recent studies revealed the uptake of sphingosine, ceramides and ceramide analogues by N. meningitidis and a bacteriostatic or bactericidal effect. However, the mechanism of the bactericidal effect is still unknown. To elucidate the antibacterial mechanism, we studied the ultrastructural changes after incubation of N. meningitidis with azido-modified sphingolipids by using electron microscopy techniques (transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Due to correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) we were able to localize the azido-modified sphingolipids after incorporation in N. meningitidis. Copper-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition was used to stain the azido-modified sphingolipids.
74

Prevalence of ctrA and crgA genes in non-meningococcal neisserial species colonising the upper respiratory tract among university students in Örebro

Klinteskog, Magnus January 2021 (has links)
Introduction: A Neisseria meningitidis carrier study has been conducted among students at Örebro university in Sweden in 2018 and 2019. Pharyngeal samples were collected from 3489 students. PCR for the genes ctrA and crgA was run on all samples. The positive samples were then cultured on agar plates to find the N. meningitidis. In 349 of the PCR positive samples, no N. meningitidis could be isolated, which raised the question if other bacteria could have these genes. The most likely bacteria to have these genes were assumed to be other species within the genus Neisseria. Aim: To identify whether other neisserial species have the ctrA and crgA genes. Methods: The 349 samples were cultured on agar plates for two days. The species were then identified by MALDI-TOF MS. The isolated Neisserial species and some other species as controls were saved. PCR for ctrA and crgA genes were then run on these bacteria to determine whether they possessed these genes. Results: Five N. meningitidis that had been missed by the first round of culture were identified. Seventy-five other colonies of neisserial species were isolated. N. subflava (n=40) were the most common. Nine (12 %) were crgA positive but none were ctrA positive. At least one crgA positive colony was found in four of the five different non-meningococcal neisserial species isolated in this study. Conclusion: The crgA gene seems quite common among non-meningococcal neisserial species while ctrA seems to be specific for N. meningitidis
75

Cinética do cultivo em biorreator de Niesseria meningitidis sorogrupo B / Bioreactor cultivation kinetics of group B Neisseria meningitidis

Santos, Silvia 13 August 2007 (has links)
Neisseria meningitidis B libera vesículas de membrana externa, conhecidas pela sigla OMV. Essas possuem os mesmos componentes da membrana externa da bactéria e podem ser utilizadas como antígenos em vacinas contra a meningite B. As vesículas devem, também, expressar proteínas da membrana externa (OMP) e proteínas reguladoras do íon ferro (IRP). O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a cinética de crescimento bacteriano, consumo das fontes de carbono e nitrogênio - especialmente os limitantes de crescimento ? e produção de OMV visando melhorar a produção desse antígeno. Realizaram-se cultivos descontínuos em biorreator, com duração de 20 h, empregando meio de Catlin com limitação de ferro e modificações nas concentrações de lactato, aminoácidos e glicerol. As condições do cultivo foram: 4,2 L de meio, temperatura de 36°C, pressão de 0,5 atm, vazão de ar 1 L/min, agitação entre 250-850 rpm, controle de oxigênio dissolvido em 10% de saturação. Constatou-se que o lactato é a principal fonte de carbono limitante, embora somente se tem a hipótese de que o glicerol age como protetor mecânico. O ácido L-glutâmico é a principal fonte de nitrogênio consumida durante o cultivo. As OMV começaram a ser liberadas quantitativamente no início da fase estacionária de crescimento. Sendo que a melhor condição para a produção de OMV, valor 162,3 mg/L, é aquela em que as concentrações iniciais de lactato e aminoácidos foram duplicadas, 15,00 g/L e 2,93 g/L respectivamente. Através da análise do padrão eletroforético, confirmou-se a presença das principais proteínas de superfície, inclusive das IRPs. A integridade da OMV foi constatada por microscopia eletrônica. Assim, o antígeno obtido mostra-se passível de utilização na composição de vacina anti-meningocócica. / Neisseria meningitidis B liberates outer membrane vesicles known by the abbreviation OMV. These vesicles have the same components of the outer membrane of the bacteria and may be used as antigens in vaccines against meningitis B. The vesicles must also express outer membrane proteins (OMP) and iron regulated proteins (IRP). The aim of this paper is to study bacterial growth kinetics, carbon and nitrogen sources consumption ? specially those which limit growth ? and OMV production, seeking to improve the production of this antigen. Discontinuous bioreactor cultivations were carried out for a period of 20 hours in Catlin medium with iron restriction and modifications in lactate, amino acid, and glycerol concentrations. Cultivation conditions were: 4,2 L of medium, temperature at 36ºC, 0,5 atm, air flow rate of 1 L/min, agitation between 250-850 rpm, and dissolved oxygen control at 10% of saturation. It was verified that lactate is the main limiting carbon source, although there is just a hypothesis that glycerol acts as a mechanic protector. The L-glutamic acid is the main source of nitrogen consumed during the cultivation. The OMV started to be liberated quantitatively at the beginning of the stationary phase of growth. The best condition for production of OMV, value 162,3 mg/L, is that where the initial concentrations of lactate and amino acids were duplicated, 15,00 g/L and 2,93 g/L, respectively. Through an analysis of the electroforetic pattern, the presence of the main surface proteins was confirmed, including the IRPs. The integrity of the OMV was testified by electronic microscopy. So, the antigen thus obtained may be used in the antimeningococcal vaccine composition.
76

Prevalência e fatores associados ao estado de portador de Neisseria spp. em núcleos familiares: estudo de base populacional / Prevalence and factors associated with Neisseria spp. carrier state in family households: population-based study

Lima, Jaqueline Costa 24 January 2019 (has links)
Introdução - O estado de portador assintomático ocorre quando o hospedeiro alberga o agente etiológico sem apresentar doença. Os fatores associados ao estado de portador de Neisseria não patogênica (NNP) e Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) diferem entre si, no entanto, as características epidemiológicas de ambas ainda são pouco exploradas. Objetivos - Estimar a prevalência, analisar possíveis diferenças em distintos estratos sociais, identificar o genótipo das cepas isoladas, assim como, investigar fatores associados ao estado de portador de Nm e de NNP em núcleos familiares residentes em Cuiabá-MT. Método - Estudo transversal de base populacional, desenvolvido de 07/2016 a 07/2017, incluindo todos os moradores de uma amostra probabilística estratificada composta de 243 núcleos familiares (domicílios) de área urbana, em bairros de alta e baixa renda do município de Cuiabá. Foram incluídos os domicílios com ao menos uma criança de 12 e 60 meses de idade. Todos os residentes nos domicílios selecionados foram submetidos a coleta de swab de orofaringe para o isolamento de Neisseria spp. Para a comparação de proporções utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalências (RP) com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança 95% (IC95%) e para a investigação de fatores associados ao estado de portador de Nm e de NNP foram utilizados modelos de regressão de Poisson. O ajuste das variáveis no modelo final foi avaliado pelo teste de Hosmer e Lemeshow. Resultados: Foram estudados 1.050 indivíduos residentes em 233 núcleos familiares. A prevalência de portadores de Neisseria spp. foi de 10,6% (111/1.050), a de Nm de 2,4% (25/1.050) e de NNP de 8,2% (86/1.050). Dentre 111 portadores, 62 (56,0%) foram por N. lactamica, 25 (22,0%) por Nm, 21 (19,0%) por N. subflava., duas (2,0%) por N. mucosa e uma (1,0%) por N. polysaccharea. Das Nm, 76% (19/25) eram não grupáveis, 16% (4/25) eram do sorogrupo B, 4% (1/25) do sorogrupo C e 4% (1/25) do sorogrupo W. A prevalência de Nm em bairros de baixa renda foi de 2,8% (23/816) e nos de alta renda de 0,8% (2/234) (p=0,058), com uma razão de prevalência (RP) de 3,3 (IC95%:0,8-13,9). A prevalência de NNP em bairros de baixa renda foi de 8,2% (67/816) e em bairros de alta renda de 8,1% (19/234), com uma RP de 1,0 (IC95%:0,6-1,6). Permaneceram independentemente associados ao estado de portador de Nm após ajuste para conviver com tabagista no domicílio e por número de pessoas por dormitório: i) residir em bairro de baixa renda (RPajustada=2,6); ii) faixa etária de 5 a 14 anos (RPajustada=2,7); iii) faixa etária de 15 a 29 anos (RPajustada=2,4) e faixa etária de 30 e anos e mais (RPajustada=1,4). Após o ajuste para a infecção respiratória nos últimos cinco dias, apresentar asma, três ou mais pessoas por dormitório e sexo masculino, mostraram-se independentemente associados ao estado de portador de NNP: i) pertencer a faixa etária de cinco a 14 anos de idade (RPajustada=2,8) e de menores de cinco anos de idade (RPajustada=7,2); ii) residir em casa precária/quitinete (RPajustada=2,1). Conclusões - O contexto social influencia o estado de portador de Nm e NNP. As vacinas conjugadas meningocócicas podem prevenir doenças direta e indiretamente e tais resultados podem subsidiar a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção, especialmente para a identificação de grupos alvo de programas de vacinação. / Introduction - The asymptomatic carrier state occurs when the host harbors the etiologic agent without presenting disease. The associated factors with the carrier state of non-pathogenic Neisseria (NNP) and Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) differ among them, however, the epidemiological characteristics of both are still poorly explored. Objectives - To estimate the prevalence, to analyze possible differences in different social strata, to identify the genotype of the isolated strains, as well as to investigate associated factors with the Nm and NNP carrier state in family\'s households living in Cuiabá-MT. Methods - A cross-sectional study was conducted in 07/2016 a 07/2017, in the city of Cuiabá, including all residents of a stratified probabilistic sample which was composed by 243 urban households (families nucleus) with high and low income neighborhoods of the city of Cuiabá. Households with at least one child between 12 and 60 months age were included. All residents in the selected households were submitted to oropharynx swab collection for the isolation of Neisseria spp. To compare proportions the chi-square test was used. For the estimates of prevalence ratios (PR) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), for the analysis of the associated factors with Nm and NNP carrier state Poisson regression models were used. The adjustment of the variables in the final model was evaluated by the Hosmer e Lemeshow test. Results - A total of 1,050 individuals residing in 233 families nucleus were studied. The prevalence of Neisseria spp. was of 10.6% (111/1,050), Nm of 2.4% (25/1,050) and NNP of 8.2% (86/1,050). Among 111 carriers, 62 (56.0%) were by N. lactamica, 25 (22.0%) by Nm, 21 (19.0%) by N. subflava, two (2.0%) by N. mucosa and one (1.0%) by N. polysaccharea. Of the Nm, 76% (19/25) were non-grouping, 16% (4/25) were serogroup B, 4% (1/25) serogroup C and 4% (1/25) serogroup W. Prevalence of Nm in low-income neighborhoods was 2.8% (23/816) and high-income (0.8%) (2/234) (p=0.058), with a prevalence ratio of 3.3 (95% CI:0.8-13.9). The prevalence of NNP in low-income neighborhoods was 8.2% (67/816) and in high-income neighborhoods of 8.1% (19/234), with a PR of 1.0 (95% CI:0,6-1,6). They remained independently associated with Nm state after adjusting to live with a smoker at home and by number of people per dormitory: i) living in a low-income neighborhood (PRadjusted=2.6); ii) age group of 5 to 14 years (PRadjusted=2.7); iii) age range of 15 to 29 years (PRadjusted=2.4) and age group of 30 years and over (PRadjusted=1.4). After adjusting for respiratory infection in the last five days, presenting asthma, three or more people per dormitory and male sex, were independently associated with NNP status: i) belonging to the age group of five to 14 years of age (PRadjusted=2.8) and of children under five years of age (RPadjusted=7.2); ii) residing in a precarious home/kitchenette (PRadjusted= 2.1). Conclusions - The social context influences the carrier state of Nm and NNP. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines can prevent diseases directly and indirectly and such results may support the development of intervention strategies, especially for the identification of target groups of vaccination programs.
77

Comparação entre Neisseria meningitidis e Neisseria lactamica: cinética do cultivo e potencial antigênico de OMV e frações. / Comparison between Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica: kinetics of bacterial growth and analysis of the antigenic potential of OMV and fractions.

Salustiano, Giovanna Ferreira Costa Leão 24 April 2015 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi avaliado o potencial antigênico das vesículas de membrana externa, OMV, de N. meningitidis, das OMV e componetes protéicos selecionados de N. lactamica. Para tal foram realizados cultivos de ambas as espécies em biorreatores, ensaios de imunização em camundongos, análises de espectrometria de massas, e análises de tamanho das partículas, polidispersabilidade e potencial zeta. As análises da cinética de cultivos levaram a dados inéditos possibilitando uma nova discussão sobre o metabolismo e sobre a produtividade de OMV destas bactérias. N. lactamica obteve valores 5 vezes maiores de concentração máxima de OMV de 152 mg/L e 2,5 vezes maiores de produtividade de OMV de 0,32 g/L.h comparado aos obtidos para N. meningitidis nas mesmas condições de cultivo. OMV obtidas nos cultivos de ambas e componentes proteicos de N. lactamica foram utilizadas para imunizar camundongos com 3 doses subcutâneas. Ensaios de imunoblote e ELISA demonstraram que soros gerados contra as proteínas isoladas de N. lactamica foram reativos com proteínas de N. meningitidis, assim como o soro anti-OMV de N. lactamica que reagiu com 6 proteínas de N. meningitidis, as proteínas de membrana App, Omp85, PilQ, PorA, PorB, e ComL ou Opa/Opc. Análises de espectrometria de massas identificaram 229 proteínas na OMV de N. lactamica, sendo 77 proteínas de membrana e 243 proteínas de N. meningitidis, sendo 54 proteínas de membrana. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho sugerem a possibilidade do uso das OMV de Neisseria lactamica como abordagem alternativa para o desenvolvimento de vacinas contra a doença meningocócica. / In these studies we evaluated the antigenic potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) from N. meningitidis, OMV from N. lactamica and proteic components from N. lactamica. Outer membrane vesicles were obtained from cultures of both species in bioreactors. Immunization tests were conducted in mice. Western-blotting and ELISA techniques were used to evaluate the cross-reactivity of murine sera against outer-membrane proteins from Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria lactamica. Analysis of mass spectrometry and determination of particle size, polydispersity and zeta potential were also performed. Analysis of bacterial growth kinetics led to new data enabling a discussion about metabolism and OMV productivity. When both species were cultured in the same medium OMV concentration of N. lactamica (152 mg/L) is 5 times higher than that in N. meningitidis and OMV productivity of N. lactamica (0.32 g/L.h) is 2.5 times higher. Mice were vaccinated subcutaneously with 3 doses of OMV from both species and proteins from N. lactamica. These vaccines induced antibodies against N. meningitidis proteins. By mass spectrometry it was possible to identify these membrane proteins as App, Omp85, PilQ, PorA, PorB, and ComL or Opa/Opc. Mass spectrometry analyses also identified 229 proteins in N. lactamica OMV, with 77 predicted as membrane proteins and 243 in N. meningitidis OMV with 54 predicted as membrane proteins. Ours results suggested that OMV from Neisseria lactamica provides protection against N. meningitidis and could be used as an alternative approach for the development of a vaccine against meningococcal disease.
78

Prevalência do estado de portador sadio de Neisseria meningitidis entre estudantes de medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil / Prevalence of Neisseria meningitidis asymptomatic carrier status among medical students at \"Universidade de São Paulo\", Brazil

Luiz, André Machado 23 May 2018 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: Neisseria meningitidis é uma das principais causas de meningite bacteriana em todo o mundo. No Brasil, a vacina meningocócica conjugada C foi introduzida no calendário básico do Programa Nacional de Imunizações em 2010 para a população abaixo de 2 anos de idade. Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a taxa de portadores sadios de meningococo em nasofaringe entre estudantes de medicina através de métodos fenotípicos e genotípicos. Além disso, foram analisados os fatores de risco associados ao estado de portador sadio. MÉTODOS: Trezentos e setenta e cinco (375) estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo foram submetidos à coleta de swabs de nasofaringe, de outubro a novembro de 2010: desta casuística, 190 estudantes foram submetidos à coleta de dois swabs. Os swabs foram encaminhados ao Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM) de Bacteriologia para isolamento e caracterização das cepas: o primeiro swab foi submetido a cultivo em meio seletivo, testes bioquímicos e reação em cadeia da polimerase com primers específicos para dois genes de Neisseria meningitidis, ctrA e crgA. O segundo swab foi submetido à extração direta de DNA, sem cultivo prévio. Todas as cepas isoladas foram genogrupadas com primers específicos direcionados aos genogrupos A, B, C, Y e W. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de portadores sadios foi 45,6%. A taxa de portadores obtida após cultivo em meio seletivo e testes bioquímicos foi 6,1%. A taxa de colonização resultante da PCR dos produtos de cultivo em meio seletivo foi 15.4%. Destas cepas, a maioria pertencia ao genogrupo B. A partir da extração direta de DNA de 190 amostras clínicas, obtivemos 69,5% de positividade de portadores sadios, sendo o genogrupo C predominante nestas amostras. A PFGE mostrou que todas as cepas isoladas eram policlonais. Não houve relação estatisticamente significativa entre os fatores de risco avaliados e o estado de portador sadio. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo avaliou a prevalência de portadores sadios em adultos jovens no Brasil antes da introdução da vacina meningocócica C conjugada no calendário vacinal de rotina. A prevalência variou de 6,1% a 69,5% dentre os diferentes métodos utilizados, com uma prevalência geral de 45,6%. Comparando-se os diferentes métodos, os métodos genotípicos mostraram-se superiores na detecção de portadores sadios, especialmente quando o DNA é extraído diretamente da amostra clínica / BACKGROUND: Neisseria meningitidis is one of the leading causes of bacterial meningitis worldwide. In Brazil, the meningococcal C conjugate vaccine was introduced as a part of basic vaccination schedule in the public health system in 2010 to the population under 2 years old. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the rate of asymptomatic carriers of meningococci in the nasopharynx among medical students by phenotypic and genotypic methods. Furthermore, the risk factors for carriage were also analyzed. METHODS: Three hundred seventy-five (375) students from University of São Paulo Medical School underwent nasopharyngeal swab collection from October to November, 2010. From those students, 190 of them underwent collection of two swabs; they were sent to the laboratory for isolation and characterization of strains: the first one were submitted to culture on solid plates with selective medium, biochemical tests, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers for two genes of Neisseria meningitidis, ctrA and crgA. From the second swab, direct DNA extraction to PCR reactions were performed, with no previous culture. All strains isolated were genogrouped with specific primers targeting A, B, C, Y and W groups. RESULTS: The overall carriage rate was 45,6%. Carriage rate by culture on solid plates and biochemical tests was 6.1%. The rate obtained from PCR targeting genes ctrA and crgA of colony growth on selective medium was 15.4%. From those strains, the majority belongs to genogroup B. With direct extraction of DNA from 190 clinical samples, we obtained a positivity of 69.5% of meningococcal carriage, and the genogroup C was the main genogroup from those samples. The PFGE showed that the samples were polyclonal. CONCLUSIONS: This study has evaluated the rate of asymptomatic carriers in young people in Brazil before the vaccine introduction in the vaccine routine schedule of infants. The prevalence of nasopharyngeal carriage by meningoccoci among medical students was 6.1% for the phenotypic method, 15.4% by PCR after growth in selective medium and 69.5% by PCR from DNA extracted from clinical samples. In the comparison of the phenotypic and genotypic methods, it was observed that genotypic are superior to phenotypic methods, especially when direct DNA extraction from clinical specimen is performed
79

Prevalência e fatores associados ao estado de portador de Neisseria spp. em núcleos familiares: estudo de base populacional / Prevalence and factors associated with Neisseria spp. carrier state in family households: population-based study

Jaqueline Costa Lima 24 January 2019 (has links)
Introdução - O estado de portador assintomático ocorre quando o hospedeiro alberga o agente etiológico sem apresentar doença. Os fatores associados ao estado de portador de Neisseria não patogênica (NNP) e Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) diferem entre si, no entanto, as características epidemiológicas de ambas ainda são pouco exploradas. Objetivos - Estimar a prevalência, analisar possíveis diferenças em distintos estratos sociais, identificar o genótipo das cepas isoladas, assim como, investigar fatores associados ao estado de portador de Nm e de NNP em núcleos familiares residentes em Cuiabá-MT. Método - Estudo transversal de base populacional, desenvolvido de 07/2016 a 07/2017, incluindo todos os moradores de uma amostra probabilística estratificada composta de 243 núcleos familiares (domicílios) de área urbana, em bairros de alta e baixa renda do município de Cuiabá. Foram incluídos os domicílios com ao menos uma criança de 12 e 60 meses de idade. Todos os residentes nos domicílios selecionados foram submetidos a coleta de swab de orofaringe para o isolamento de Neisseria spp. Para a comparação de proporções utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado. Foram estimadas as razões de prevalências (RP) com seus respectivos intervalos de confiança 95% (IC95%) e para a investigação de fatores associados ao estado de portador de Nm e de NNP foram utilizados modelos de regressão de Poisson. O ajuste das variáveis no modelo final foi avaliado pelo teste de Hosmer e Lemeshow. Resultados: Foram estudados 1.050 indivíduos residentes em 233 núcleos familiares. A prevalência de portadores de Neisseria spp. foi de 10,6% (111/1.050), a de Nm de 2,4% (25/1.050) e de NNP de 8,2% (86/1.050). Dentre 111 portadores, 62 (56,0%) foram por N. lactamica, 25 (22,0%) por Nm, 21 (19,0%) por N. subflava., duas (2,0%) por N. mucosa e uma (1,0%) por N. polysaccharea. Das Nm, 76% (19/25) eram não grupáveis, 16% (4/25) eram do sorogrupo B, 4% (1/25) do sorogrupo C e 4% (1/25) do sorogrupo W. A prevalência de Nm em bairros de baixa renda foi de 2,8% (23/816) e nos de alta renda de 0,8% (2/234) (p=0,058), com uma razão de prevalência (RP) de 3,3 (IC95%:0,8-13,9). A prevalência de NNP em bairros de baixa renda foi de 8,2% (67/816) e em bairros de alta renda de 8,1% (19/234), com uma RP de 1,0 (IC95%:0,6-1,6). Permaneceram independentemente associados ao estado de portador de Nm após ajuste para conviver com tabagista no domicílio e por número de pessoas por dormitório: i) residir em bairro de baixa renda (RPajustada=2,6); ii) faixa etária de 5 a 14 anos (RPajustada=2,7); iii) faixa etária de 15 a 29 anos (RPajustada=2,4) e faixa etária de 30 e anos e mais (RPajustada=1,4). Após o ajuste para a infecção respiratória nos últimos cinco dias, apresentar asma, três ou mais pessoas por dormitório e sexo masculino, mostraram-se independentemente associados ao estado de portador de NNP: i) pertencer a faixa etária de cinco a 14 anos de idade (RPajustada=2,8) e de menores de cinco anos de idade (RPajustada=7,2); ii) residir em casa precária/quitinete (RPajustada=2,1). Conclusões - O contexto social influencia o estado de portador de Nm e NNP. As vacinas conjugadas meningocócicas podem prevenir doenças direta e indiretamente e tais resultados podem subsidiar a elaboração de estratégias de intervenção, especialmente para a identificação de grupos alvo de programas de vacinação. / Introduction - The asymptomatic carrier state occurs when the host harbors the etiologic agent without presenting disease. The associated factors with the carrier state of non-pathogenic Neisseria (NNP) and Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) differ among them, however, the epidemiological characteristics of both are still poorly explored. Objectives - To estimate the prevalence, to analyze possible differences in different social strata, to identify the genotype of the isolated strains, as well as to investigate associated factors with the Nm and NNP carrier state in family\'s households living in Cuiabá-MT. Methods - A cross-sectional study was conducted in 07/2016 a 07/2017, in the city of Cuiabá, including all residents of a stratified probabilistic sample which was composed by 243 urban households (families nucleus) with high and low income neighborhoods of the city of Cuiabá. Households with at least one child between 12 and 60 months age were included. All residents in the selected households were submitted to oropharynx swab collection for the isolation of Neisseria spp. To compare proportions the chi-square test was used. For the estimates of prevalence ratios (PR) and the respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), for the analysis of the associated factors with Nm and NNP carrier state Poisson regression models were used. The adjustment of the variables in the final model was evaluated by the Hosmer e Lemeshow test. Results - A total of 1,050 individuals residing in 233 families nucleus were studied. The prevalence of Neisseria spp. was of 10.6% (111/1,050), Nm of 2.4% (25/1,050) and NNP of 8.2% (86/1,050). Among 111 carriers, 62 (56.0%) were by N. lactamica, 25 (22.0%) by Nm, 21 (19.0%) by N. subflava, two (2.0%) by N. mucosa and one (1.0%) by N. polysaccharea. Of the Nm, 76% (19/25) were non-grouping, 16% (4/25) were serogroup B, 4% (1/25) serogroup C and 4% (1/25) serogroup W. Prevalence of Nm in low-income neighborhoods was 2.8% (23/816) and high-income (0.8%) (2/234) (p=0.058), with a prevalence ratio of 3.3 (95% CI:0.8-13.9). The prevalence of NNP in low-income neighborhoods was 8.2% (67/816) and in high-income neighborhoods of 8.1% (19/234), with a PR of 1.0 (95% CI:0,6-1,6). They remained independently associated with Nm state after adjusting to live with a smoker at home and by number of people per dormitory: i) living in a low-income neighborhood (PRadjusted=2.6); ii) age group of 5 to 14 years (PRadjusted=2.7); iii) age range of 15 to 29 years (PRadjusted=2.4) and age group of 30 years and over (PRadjusted=1.4). After adjusting for respiratory infection in the last five days, presenting asthma, three or more people per dormitory and male sex, were independently associated with NNP status: i) belonging to the age group of five to 14 years of age (PRadjusted=2.8) and of children under five years of age (RPadjusted=7.2); ii) residing in a precarious home/kitchenette (PRadjusted= 2.1). Conclusions - The social context influences the carrier state of Nm and NNP. Meningococcal conjugate vaccines can prevent diseases directly and indirectly and such results may support the development of intervention strategies, especially for the identification of target groups of vaccination programs.
80

Métabolisme du carbone et virulence chez Neisseria meningitidis / Carbon metabolism and virulence in Neisseria meningitidis

Derkaoui, Meriem 04 September 2015 (has links)
Neisseria meningitidis possède un PTS incomplet. Constitué des composants générales EI et HPr et de deux EIIAs (EIIANtr et EIIAMan), ce système ne permet pas le transport des sucres chez cette bactérie. Cependant, nous avons confirmé que la cascade de phosphorylation (EI HPr EIIANtr) est fonctionnelle et que HPr est aussi phosphorylée sur sa Ser-46 par une HprK/P.Dans l’objectif d’étudier l’effet de HPr sur la virulence de N. meningitidis, nous avons construit un mutant ΔptsH chez N. meningitidis 2C4-3. Le mutant ΔptsH a montré une faible survie chez la souris, une faible production de la capsule, une meilleure adhérence aux cellules épithéliales et un niveau élevé de cellules apoptotiques, par rapport à la souche sauvage. HPr semble intervenir dans la virulence de N. meningitidis en interagissant avec la protéine CrgA. L’interaction HPr/CrgA est plus forte quand HPr est phosphorylée sur sa Ser-46 par HprK/P.N. meningitidis utilise le glucose et le maltose comme seuls sucres. Nous avons identifié une perméase à glucose (GlcP) et une perméase à maltose (MalY), responsables du transport de ces sucres. Une perméase putative à gluconate (GntP) a été également identifiée chez N. meningitidis 2C4-3. Cette perméase n’assure pas le transport du gluconate, dans les conditions testées. La délétion de gntP chez N. meningitidis 2C4-3 induit une meilleure croissance sur glucose et une bonne survie du mutant ΔgntP chez la souris, par rapport à la souche sauvage. La fonction réelle de la perméase GntP chez N. meningitidis reste inconnue et suscite des études ultérieures. / Neisseria meningitidis has an incomplete PTS composed of general proteins EI and HPr and two EIIAs (EIIANtr and EIIAMan). This system does not allow the transport of sugars in this bacterium. However, we confirmed that the phosphorylation cascade (EI HPr EIIANtr) is functional and HPr is also phosphorylated at its Ser-46 by an HprK/P.In order to study the effect of HPr on meningococcal virulence, we constructed a ΔptsH mutant in N. meningitidis 2C4-3. Compared to the wild-type strain, the ΔptsH mutant showed poor survival in mice, low production of capsule, better adherence to epithelial cells and high levels of apoptotic cells. HPr appears to be involved in the virulence of N. meningitidis by interacting with CrgA protein. The HPr/CrgA interaction is stronger when HPr is phosphorylated at its Ser-46 by HprK/P.N. meningitidis uses glucose and maltose as the only sugars. We identified permeases for glucose (GlcP) and maltose (MalY), which catalyze the uptake of these sugars.A putative gluconate permease (GntP) has also been identified in N. meningitidis 2C4-3. Under the conditions tested, this permease did not catalyze the transport of gluconate. Compared to the wild-type strain, deletion of gntP in N. meningitidis 2C4-3 induced faster growth on glucose and a better survival of the mutant in mice. To underst and the function of the GntP permease in N. meningitidis further studies will have to be carried out.

Page generated in 0.0597 seconds