Introdução: As alterações meniscais causadas por lesões degenerativas ou traumáticas podem levar a importantes alterações na estrutura dos mesmos. Pouco se sabe sobre o efeito direto da carga corpórea nos compartimentos femorotibiais sobre os diferentes graus de extrusão meniscal. Objetivos: Avaliar a extrusão meniscal no compartimento femorotibial medial, nas posições em decúbito e ortostática, por meio da ultrassonografia (US). Avaliar o desempenho da US na avaliação meniscal na posição em decúbito, usando a ressonância magnética (RM) como padrão de referência. Material e Métodos: 104 indivíduos com dor crônica no joelho realizaram exames de ultrassonografia e ressonância magnética. Dois radiologistas avaliaram a extrusão meniscal por US e RM e a graduaram:0 (< 2 mm), 1 (>= 2 mm and < 4 mm), and 2 (>= 4 mm).Um avaliador realizou a mensuração da extrusão meniscal dos indivíduos nas posições em decúbito dorsal e ortostática, e para avaliar os efeitos dessas medidas foi utilizada a correlação intraclasse (CIC) e teste pareado de Wilcoxon. Para comparar os resultados obtidos pela mensuração entre grupos com presença e ausência de lesão foi utilizado o teste T não pareado, com p <0,05 considerado como significativo. Resultados: Houve concordância substancial entre os examinadores quando comparadas a avaliação entre US e RM (CIC: 0,73 e 0,70). O US mostrou excelente sensibilidade (95% e 96%, cada examinador) e boa especificidade (82% e 70%, cada examinador). Houve diferença significativa dos valores médios de extrusão meniscal entre as posições em decúbito e ortostase (p = 0,0002). Todos os meniscos com extrusão >= 3 mm pela US apresentavam lesão meniscal confirmada pela RM (p< 0,0001). Conclusão: A avaliação de extrusão meniscal via US mostra excelente desempenho diagnóstico. Há variação na extrusão do menisco medial entre as posições decúbito e ortostase, com maior extrusão na posição ereta. / Background: Meniscal abnormalities related to degenerative or traumatic lesions may lead to significant changes in meniscal structure. There is lack knowledge about the direct effect of weight bearing in femorotibial compartments on the diverse meniscal extrusion levels. Objectives: To evaluate meniscal extrusion on medial femorotibialcompartmentby ultrasonography (US), both in dorsal decubitus and orthostatic positions. To evaluate US performance inassessment of meniscus in dorsal decubitus, using magnetic resonance (MR) as a standard method. Material andMethods: A total of 104 subjects with chronic pain on the knee underwent US and MR. Meniscal extrusion was assessed by two radiologists using US and RM, being graded as: 0 (< 2 mm), 1 (>= 2 mm and < 4 mm), and 2 (>= 4 mm). One radiologist performed measurements of meniscal extrusion of the participants in dorsal decubitus and orthostatic positions. Intra-class coefficient (ICC) and Wilcoxon paired t-test were used to analyze the effects of such measurements. To compare data from groups with and without lesions we used non-paired t-test was used, with values of p < 0,05considered to be significant. Results: There was substantial agreement between readers when US and MR evaluations were compared (ICC: 0,73 e 0,70). US showed excellent sensitivity (95% e 96%, each reader) and good specificity (82% e 70%, each reader). There was significant difference onmedium values of meniscal extrusion regarding dorsal decubitus and orthostatic positions (p = 0,0002). All subjects that presented meniscal extrusion >= 3 mm on US had meniscal lesion confirmed by RM (p < 0,0001). Conclusion: US has an excellent diagnostic performance in assessment of meniscal extrusion. Meniscal extrusion varies from dorsal decubitus and orthostatic positions, being higher while in upright position.

Introdução: As alterações meniscais causadas por lesões degenerativas ou traumáticas podem levar a importantes alterações na estrutura dos mesmos. Pouco se sabe sobre o efeito direto da carga corpórea nos compartimentos femorotibiais sobre os diferentes graus de extrusão meniscal. Objetivos: Avaliar a extrusão meniscal no compartimento femorotibial medial, nas posições em decúbito e ortostática, por meio da ultrassonografia (US). Avaliar o desempenho da US na avaliação meniscal na posição em decúbito, usando a ressonância magnética (RM) como padrão de referência. Material e Métodos: 104 indivíduos com dor crônica no joelho realizaram exames de ultrassonografia e ressonância magnética. Dois radiologistas avaliaram a extrusão meniscal por US e RM e a graduaram:0 (< 2 mm), 1 (>= 2 mm and < 4 mm), and 2 (>= 4 mm).Um avaliador realizou a mensuração da extrusão meniscal dos indivíduos nas posições em decúbito dorsal e ortostática, e para avaliar os efeitos dessas medidas foi utilizada a correlação intraclasse (CIC) e teste pareado de Wilcoxon. Para comparar os resultados obtidos pela mensuração entre grupos com presença e ausência de lesão foi utilizado o teste T não pareado, com p <0,05 considerado como significativo. Resultados: Houve concordância substancial entre os examinadores quando comparadas a avaliação entre US e RM (CIC: 0,73 e 0,70). O US mostrou excelente sensibilidade (95% e 96%, cada examinador) e boa especificidade (82% e 70%, cada examinador). Houve diferença significativa dos valores médios de extrusão meniscal entre as posições em decúbito e ortostase (p = 0,0002). Todos os meniscos com extrusão >= 3 mm pela US apresentavam lesão meniscal confirmada pela RM (p< 0,0001). Conclusão: A avaliação de extrusão meniscal via US mostra excelente desempenho diagnóstico. Há variação na extrusão do menisco medial entre as posições decúbito e ortostase, com maior extrusão na posição ereta. / Background: Meniscal abnormalities related to degenerative or traumatic lesions may lead to significant changes in meniscal structure. There is lack knowledge about the direct effect of weight bearing in femorotibial compartments on the diverse meniscal extrusion levels. Objectives: To evaluate meniscal extrusion on medial femorotibialcompartmentby ultrasonography (US), both in dorsal decubitus and orthostatic positions. To evaluate US performance inassessment of meniscus in dorsal decubitus, using magnetic resonance (MR) as a standard method. Material andMethods: A total of 104 subjects with chronic pain on the knee underwent US and MR. Meniscal extrusion was assessed by two radiologists using US and RM, being graded as: 0 (< 2 mm), 1 (>= 2 mm and < 4 mm), and 2 (>= 4 mm). One radiologist performed measurements of meniscal extrusion of the participants in dorsal decubitus and orthostatic positions. Intra-class coefficient (ICC) and Wilcoxon paired t-test were used to analyze the effects of such measurements. To compare data from groups with and without lesions we used non-paired t-test was used, with values of p < 0,05considered to be significant. Results: There was substantial agreement between readers when US and MR evaluations were compared (ICC: 0,73 e 0,70). US showed excellent sensitivity (95% e 96%, each reader) and good specificity (82% e 70%, each reader). There was significant difference onmedium values of meniscal extrusion regarding dorsal decubitus and orthostatic positions (p = 0,0002). All subjects that presented meniscal extrusion >= 3 mm on US had meniscal lesion confirmed by RM (p < 0,0001). Conclusion: US has an excellent diagnostic performance in assessment of meniscal extrusion. Meniscal extrusion varies from dorsal decubitus and orthostatic positions, being higher while in upright position.

Résumé: Les lésions méniscales sont des blessures fréquentes au genou et peuvent limiter la descente d’un escalier. À ce jour, la cinématique de la descente d’une marche d’escalier n’a jamais été étudiée dans les trois dimensions (3D) chez ces personnes. Le taping patellaire a déjà démontré des effets correcteurs sur la cinématique du genou mais ses effets n’ont jamais été étudiés chez des personnes souffrant d’une lésion méniscale. Cette étude vise à évaluer l’effet du taping patellaire ainsi que celui d’un taping sans tension sur la cinématique en 3D du genou lors de la descente d’une marche, à vitesse lente, chez cette clientèle. Dix patients ayant reçu un diagnostic de lésion méniscale, confirmé en imagerie par résonance magnétique, ont effectués cinq descentes d’une marche, à vitesse lente, sous trois différentes conditions: Aucune intervention, avec un taping patellaire et avec un taping sans tension. Les données de la cinématique en 3D ont été recueillies en utilisant un système d’analyse du mouvement de huit caméras infra-rouge de marque Vicon. Les angles maximums et minimums ainsi que l’amplitude de mouvement (angle maximal – angle minimum) dans chacun des trois plans de l’espace ont été comparés lors de la phase unipodale en utilisant une ANOVA à mesures répétées. Les résultats démontrent une réduction significative des angles maximums et minimums de flexion et de rotation interne, tout comme une réduction de l’amplitude de rotation interne lorsque la condition avec le taping patellaire est comparée aux deux autres conditions. Un décalage significatif vers des angles d’abduction plus petits est également observé avec les deux tapings par rapport à la condition de base. La tension appliquée dans le taping patellaire peut jouer un rôle bénéfique dans le contrôle du mouvement de la descente d’une marche. // Abstract: Meniscus lesions are common musculosquelettal knee injury often leading to pain, limitation and compensation in functional tasks like stair descent. To this day, no study has examined the knee’s three dimensional (3D) kinematics during this task with patients having a meniscal lesion. Patellar taping was shown to have corrective effect on the knee kinematics but its effect have never been observed on patients having a meniscal lesion. This study investigated the effect of a patellar taping and a tension-free taping on the three dimensional kinematics of the knee of patient having a meniscal lesion during a slow step descent task. Ten patients diagnosed with a meniscal lesion confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging underwent five step descent movements at slow speed under three different conditions: No intervention, tension-free taping and patellar taping with a medial tension applied. Three dimensional (3D) kinematics data were recorded at the injured knee using an eight camera infra-red Vicon motion analysis system. Maximum and minimum angle value and angle range (maximum - minimum value) in the three movement planes during single-limb stance were compared using a repeated measure ANOVA. Results showed significant reduction of the flexion and internal rotation maximum and minimum angle value, and a decreased internal rotational angle range when comparing the patellar taping with the two other conditions. A significant downward offset of the maximum and minimum abduction angle value was also observed under the two taping condition. Tension applied to taping plays a beneficial role in the control of the sagittal and transverse plane step - down movement in the patients of our study.

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura existente, a fim de analisar os resultados após o reparo meniscal na população pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA usando os Bancos de Dados de Análise Sistemática Cochrane, Registro Central Cochrane de ensaios controlados, MEDLINE Ovid e MEDLINE PubMed. Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: estudos que relatam os resultados do reparo meniscal em pacientes com 18 anos ou menos, com um seguimento médio mínimo de 12 meses, idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês e estudos humanos incluindo 10 ou mais pacientes. RESULTADOS: Nossa pesquisa identificou 2534 títulos individuais. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram incluídos oito estudos, avaliando 287 pacientes com lesões meniscais reparadas. Sete estudos foram classificados como nível de evidência IV e um nível III. O escore médio MINORS foi de 8,6 ± 1,4. O reparo meniscal incluiu todas as zonas meniscais e padrões de lesões. A lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior foi a lesão associada mais comum. As técnicas “inside-out” e “all-inside” foram predominantemente relatadas. A maioria dos pacientes relatou resultados bons a excelentes e teve sinais clínicos de cicatrização meniscal; as meniscectomias após reparação meniscal foram realizadas em apenas 44 casos. CONCLUSÃO: Lesões meniscais em pediatria não são incomuns. O reparo desta lesão foi associado com resultados bons a excelentes na maioria dos pacientes, independentemente do padrão de lesão, zona ou técnica. As complicações relatadas foram mínimas, no entanto, são necessários estudos de maior qualidade para confirmar os achados desta revisão sistemática. NÍVEL DE EVIDÊNCIA: Nivel IV, revisão sistemática de estudos nível III e nível IV. / PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to analyze outcomes after meniscal repair in the pediatric population. METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE Ovid, and MEDLINE PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies reporting the outcomes of meniscal repair in patients 18 years old or younger, with a minimum mean follow-up of 12 months, Portuguese, Spanish or English languages, and human studies including 10 or more patients. RESULTS: Our search identified 2534 individual titles. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 studies were included, evaluating 287 patients with repaired meniscal tears. Seven studies were classified as level of evidence IV and one level III. The mean MINORS score was 8.6 ± 1.4. Meniscal repair included all meniscal zones and tear patterns. Anterior cruciate ligament tear was the most common associated injury. The all-inside and inside-out techniques were predominantly reported. The majority of the patients reported good to excellent outcomes and had clinical signals of meniscal healing; meniscectomies following meniscal repair were performed in just 44 cases. CONCLUSION: Meniscal tears in pediatrics are not uncommon. Repairs of this injury were associated with good to excellent outcomes in most patients, regardless of the injury pattern, zone or technique. Reported complications were minimal, however, higher quality studies are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level III and Level IV studies.

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura existente, a fim de analisar os resultados após o reparo meniscal na população pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA usando os Bancos de Dados de Análise Sistemática Cochrane, Registro Central Cochrane de ensaios controlados, MEDLINE Ovid e MEDLINE PubMed. Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: estudos que relatam os resultados do reparo meniscal em pacientes com 18 anos ou menos, com um seguimento médio mínimo de 12 meses, idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês e estudos humanos incluindo 10 ou mais pacientes. RESULTADOS: Nossa pesquisa identificou 2534 títulos individuais. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram incluídos oito estudos, avaliando 287 pacientes com lesões meniscais reparadas. Sete estudos foram classificados como nível de evidência IV e um nível III. O escore médio MINORS foi de 8,6 ± 1,4. O reparo meniscal incluiu todas as zonas meniscais e padrões de lesões. A lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior foi a lesão associada mais comum. As técnicas “inside-out” e “all-inside” foram predominantemente relatadas. A maioria dos pacientes relatou resultados bons a excelentes e teve sinais clínicos de cicatrização meniscal; as meniscectomias após reparação meniscal foram realizadas em apenas 44 casos. CONCLUSÃO: Lesões meniscais em pediatria não são incomuns. O reparo desta lesão foi associado com resultados bons a excelentes na maioria dos pacientes, independentemente do padrão de lesão, zona ou técnica. As complicações relatadas foram mínimas, no entanto, são necessários estudos de maior qualidade para confirmar os achados desta revisão sistemática. NÍVEL DE EVIDÊNCIA: Nivel IV, revisão sistemática de estudos nível III e nível IV. / PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to analyze outcomes after meniscal repair in the pediatric population. METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE Ovid, and MEDLINE PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies reporting the outcomes of meniscal repair in patients 18 years old or younger, with a minimum mean follow-up of 12 months, Portuguese, Spanish or English languages, and human studies including 10 or more patients. RESULTS: Our search identified 2534 individual titles. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 studies were included, evaluating 287 patients with repaired meniscal tears. Seven studies were classified as level of evidence IV and one level III. The mean MINORS score was 8.6 ± 1.4. Meniscal repair included all meniscal zones and tear patterns. Anterior cruciate ligament tear was the most common associated injury. The all-inside and inside-out techniques were predominantly reported. The majority of the patients reported good to excellent outcomes and had clinical signals of meniscal healing; meniscectomies following meniscal repair were performed in just 44 cases. CONCLUSION: Meniscal tears in pediatrics are not uncommon. Repairs of this injury were associated with good to excellent outcomes in most patients, regardless of the injury pattern, zone or technique. Reported complications were minimal, however, higher quality studies are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level III and Level IV studies.

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura existente, a fim de analisar os resultados após o reparo meniscal na população pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Uma revisão sistemática foi realizada de acordo com as diretrizes PRISMA usando os Bancos de Dados de Análise Sistemática Cochrane, Registro Central Cochrane de ensaios controlados, MEDLINE Ovid e MEDLINE PubMed. Os critérios de inclusão foram os seguintes: estudos que relatam os resultados do reparo meniscal em pacientes com 18 anos ou menos, com um seguimento médio mínimo de 12 meses, idiomas português, espanhol ou inglês e estudos humanos incluindo 10 ou mais pacientes. RESULTADOS: Nossa pesquisa identificou 2534 títulos individuais. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram incluídos oito estudos, avaliando 287 pacientes com lesões meniscais reparadas. Sete estudos foram classificados como nível de evidência IV e um nível III. O escore médio MINORS foi de 8,6 ± 1,4. O reparo meniscal incluiu todas as zonas meniscais e padrões de lesões. A lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior foi a lesão associada mais comum. As técnicas “inside-out” e “all-inside” foram predominantemente relatadas. A maioria dos pacientes relatou resultados bons a excelentes e teve sinais clínicos de cicatrização meniscal; as meniscectomias após reparação meniscal foram realizadas em apenas 44 casos. CONCLUSÃO: Lesões meniscais em pediatria não são incomuns. O reparo desta lesão foi associado com resultados bons a excelentes na maioria dos pacientes, independentemente do padrão de lesão, zona ou técnica. As complicações relatadas foram mínimas, no entanto, são necessários estudos de maior qualidade para confirmar os achados desta revisão sistemática. NÍVEL DE EVIDÊNCIA: Nivel IV, revisão sistemática de estudos nível III e nível IV. / PURPOSE: To perform a systematic review of existing literature in order to analyze outcomes after meniscal repair in the pediatric population. METHODS: A systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines using the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE Ovid, and MEDLINE PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria were as follows: studies reporting the outcomes of meniscal repair in patients 18 years old or younger, with a minimum mean follow-up of 12 months, Portuguese, Spanish or English languages, and human studies including 10 or more patients. RESULTS: Our search identified 2534 individual titles. After application of the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 8 studies were included, evaluating 287 patients with repaired meniscal tears. Seven studies were classified as level of evidence IV and one level III. The mean MINORS score was 8.6 ± 1.4. Meniscal repair included all meniscal zones and tear patterns. Anterior cruciate ligament tear was the most common associated injury. The all-inside and inside-out techniques were predominantly reported. The majority of the patients reported good to excellent outcomes and had clinical signals of meniscal healing; meniscectomies following meniscal repair were performed in just 44 cases. CONCLUSION: Meniscal tears in pediatrics are not uncommon. Repairs of this injury were associated with good to excellent outcomes in most patients, regardless of the injury pattern, zone or technique. Reported complications were minimal, however, higher quality studies are needed to confirm the findings of this systematic review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, systematic review of Level III and Level IV studies.

Introduction: The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a supporting ligament in the knee. ACL injuries are associated with concomitant meniscal tears and cartilage lesions. Aim: Our aim was to study the incidence of meniscal tears and cartilage lesions in patients with ACL injury and how it varies with time from injury to surgery Methods: This was a cohort study using the Swedish Knee Ligament Registry. We reviewed 479 patients who had ACL reconstruction in Region Örebro County between 2005-01-01 and 2019-03-19. Results: The incidence of meniscal tears was 33 %, cartilage lesions 18 %, both meniscal tears and cartilage lesions 29 %. The incidence of meniscal tears distributed over time from injury to surgery was 8 % for 0-3 months., 38 % for 4-12 months, 53 % for &gt; 12 months. The incidence of cartilage lesions was 8 % for 0-3 months, 45 % for 4-12 months, 47 % for &gt; 12 months. The incidence of both meniscal tears and cartilage lesions was 4 % for 0-3 months, 34 % for 4-12 months, 62 % for &gt; 12 months Conclusions: Patients treated with ACL reconstruction had an increased rate of concomitant damage to menisci and articular cartilage with increased time from injury to surgery, suggesting a benefit of early reconstructive interventions following an ACL injury. Male patients displayed a higher incidence in cartilage lesions than did female. Young age was associated with a higher incidence of meniscal tears, whereas an increasing of age was associated with an increased incidence of cartilage lesions.

Introduction: Arthroscopic partial resection of degenerative meniscal injuries has previously been frequently performed but has been questioned in recent years. However, contradictory data exist. Aim: We aimed to asses patient- reported outcome in patients over 40 years of age after arthroscopic surgery due to degenerative meniscal injury. We further aimed to compare women and men due to diagnosis and to examine the number of patients that have needed knee arthroplasty during the follow-up period. Methods: Patients &gt; 40 years of age who underwent arthroscopic surgery of the knee in the years of 2011-2013 were studied using validated questionnaire KOOS (Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) along with a self-constructed questionnaire. Results: In all subjects, the highest median score was seen in all daily living (Women:93, Men: 96) and knee pain (Women: 86, Men: 92). The lowest score was seen in sports and recreation (Women: 55, Men: 65). Men had an overall higher KOOS-score in every subscale compared to women (p&gt;0.05). No significant difference was seen between women and men divided by diagnosis (p&gt;0.05). 72% women and 80% men experienced improved knee function today compared to before surgery. 22% women and 14% men experienced deterioration in knee function. 6% women and men experienced unaltered knee function. 24 patients (9.5%) had got a knee arthroplasty. Conclusions: This study showed that most middle-age patients experienced increased knee function and high satisfaction rate after partial meniscectomy when suffering from degenerative meniscal injury.

Title: Biomechanical response of the knee meniscus to the axial loads Work Title: The quantification of the structural changes in deep layer of the knee meniscus using the standardized axial loading Purpose: Due to the internal structure of the knee joint, the ability to characterize and quantify the dynamic response of the meniscal tissue directly in vivo is highly problematic. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of the meniscus under loading conditions, using parametric MR imaging. Methods: Subjects with no history of knee pain or meniscal problems were included in the study (mean age 27.8 ± 1.3 years). To obtain values of relaxation times T2* in the meniscus, the vTE sequence was used with 10 echoes ranging from 0.8 to 10.1 ms. This has resulted in minimizing the echo time, which is an advantage when differentiating meniscal tissue from surrounding components. First of all, an unloaded limb was scanned and immediately after, the limb loaded half of the person's weight was measured repeatedly in 4 consecutive scans. A custom - made diamagnetic apparatus was developed to simulate stress conditions on the lower limb in a conventional MR scanner. At each 6:10 min measurement, the knee joint was scanned in 64 sections, each image displaying a 1.3 mm section.The two -...

Title: Biomechanical response of the knee meniscus to the axial loads Work Title: The quantification of the structural changes in deep layer of the knee meniscus using the standardized axial loading Purpose: Due to the internal structure of the knee joint, the ability to characterize and quantify the dynamic response of the meniscal tissue directly in vivo is highly problematic. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of the meniscus under loading conditions, using parametric MR imaging. Methods: Subjects with no history of knee pain or meniscal problems were included in the study (mean age 27.8 ± 1.3 years). To obtain values of relaxation times T2* in the meniscus, the vTE sequence was used with 10 echoes ranging from 0.8 to 10.1 ms. This has resulted in minimizing the echo time, which is an advantage when differentiating meniscal tissue from surrounding components. First of all, an unloaded limb was scanned and immediately after, the limb loaded half of the person's weight was measured repeatedly in 4 consecutive scans. A custom - made diamagnetic apparatus was developed to simulate stress conditions on the lower limb in a conventional MR scanner. At each 6:10 min measurement, the knee joint was scanned in 64 sections, each image displaying a 1.3 mm section.The two -...