Bakgrund: Personer med psykisk funktionsnedsättning har svårt att komma igång pga. sjukdomens natur de har ett antal studier slagit fast. De atypiska medicinerna som nu används inom den moderna psykiatrin tenderar att förstärka dessa negativa symtom. Personer med psykisk funktionsnedsättning har i högre utsträckning fetma och har högre mortalitet som relateras till de metabola effekter t.ex. hjärtinfarkt, stroke samt följd sjukdomar av diabetes. Tillsammans med de sociala handikapp detta ger har man mer och mer börjat intressera sig för fysisk aktivitet som ett sätt att lindra dessa symtom och höja livskvaliteten.  Syfte: Att beskriva fysisk aktivitet och dess betydelse för personer med psykisk funktionsnedsättning. Metod: Litteraturstudie, med mixed method som analys metod  Resultat: Fysisk aktivitet för personer med psykisk funktionsnedsättning har en positiv påverkan på olika plan, både fysiska och psykiska inom de fysiska ser man förbättringar på konditionen, viktminskning samt förbättringar på kroppsfunktioner. De största förbättringarna som visade sig i resultatet var på det psykiska de handla om att känna sig delaktig, sociala behållningar och att de ger en av stressande effekt. Det som var överraskande var att fysisk aktivitet hade en sådan märkbar effekt på den vårdande miljön och det i sin tur främjade vårdrelationen mellan vårdare och patient detta beskrevs i ett antal studier. Diskussion: De fyra teman som resultatet visade, ger en klar bild av vad fysisk aktivitet  kan innebära för personer med psykisk funktionsnedsättning och överensstämmer med vad annan vetenskapliga studier har kommit fram till. De som mer kom fram resultatet var att vårdmiljön på avdelning blev lugnare och tryggare de kommer inte fram lika tydligt i den litteratur som författaren gått igenom i diskussionen. Vårdrelationen har används som teoretisk referensram och den har varit återkommande och så tydlig att den har en egen rubrik i resultatet vilket är till glädje för författaren, då denne anser att det är en av de viktigaste nycklarna till att motivera och hitta lusten för den enskilda att börja träna och skapa en livsavgörande förändring i tillvaron. / Background: A number of studies have stated that people with mental disabilities, due to the nature of their disorders, have difficulties to get started with physical activities. The atypical drugs that are commonly used in modern psychiatry tend to enhance symptoms of inactivity. People with mental disabilities have a higher degree of obesity and a higher mortality rate related to metabolic effects such as myocardial infarction, stroke and complications from diabetes. Along with the social handicaps that this provides an increasing interest for physical activity, as a way to decrease these symptoms and to improve quality of life, has occurred. Aim: To describe physical activity and its impact on people with mental disabilities. Method: Literary study using a mixed method approach. Result: Physical activity for people with mental disabilities has a positive influence on various levels, both physiological and psychological. Among the physiological gains there are condition improvement, weight loss and improvement of body functions. The main improvements that were shown in the result were the ones on psychological aspects, such as feelings of being involved, social gains and anti stressing effects. Surprising was that physical activity had such a noticeable effect on the caring environment and that in its turn gained the carer-patient relationship. This was described in a number of studies. Discussion: The four themes that are presented in the result, give a clear picture of what physical activity can mean to people with mental disabilities. This is consistent with what other scientific studies have shown. It was also shown in the result that the caring environment at the department became calmer and safer. This is something that was not that obvious in the literature that the author went through in the discussion part. The carer-patient relationship has been used as a theoretical framework and it has been recurring and so clear that it has its own headline in the result part. This is to great joy of the author, since he believes that one of the main keys for a person to find motivation is to start training and to create a vital change in life.

A presente investigação teve como foco a deficiência mental e os processos de escolarização no ensino comum. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base nas narrativas de dois alunos com histórico de deficiência mental que freqüentavam os anos finais do ensino fundamental de escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Santa Maria/RS, com o objetivo de conhecer o perfil, as expectativas e as perspectivas desses alunos, assim como analisar os sentidos atribuídos por eles ao processo de participação e escolarização no ensino comum. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a qual teve como base um conjunto de ações que envolveram a observação participante, entrevistas, análise de documentos, além de investimentos na relação entre a produção artística e as temáticas da investigação. Explorando as metáforas que emergiram nos encontros propiciados pelo ato de investigar, procurou-se valorizar o pensamento de autores como Vigotski e Bakhtin para compreender como acontece a constituição de sujeitos com histórico de deficiência mental. Com referência a esses autores, pode-se dizer que as narrativas dos participantes da pesquisa apontam sentidos diversificados para a inclusão escolar e para constituição da subjetividade dos alunos que apresentam histórico de deficiência mental. Houve contraste entre os contextos investigados, com evidências de participação e de aprendizagem que se somam a momentos de estagnação e silêncio. Esta pesquisa procurou contribuir para o redimensionamento do fazer pedagógico no ensino comum e para novas possibilidades de inclusão, por meio de mudanças na compreensão da deficiência mental como uma construção que se dá nas relações socioculturais, considerando que esses sujeitos necessitam de possibilidades de criação, lugares de experimentação, espaços de interlocução, convívio, compartilhamento e trocas para, assim, constituírem-se e construírem suas trajetórias de vida. / This investigation focused on the mental disability and the schooling processes in common teaching systems. The study was developed based on narratives of two students, with a historical of mental disability, who frequented the final grades of elementary school in Santa Maria/RS’s city hall school systems, with the objective of knowing these student’s profile, expectations and perspectives besides analyzing senses attributed by them to the participation and schooling processes in common teaching systems. This is a qualitative research that was based on a group of actions that involved participative observation, interviews, document analysis, besides investing in the relation between artistic production and the investigation’s themes. Exploring the metaphors that emerged in the meetings proportioned by the act of investigating, Vigotski and Bakhtin’s ideas were valued in order to understand how the constitution of people with historical of mental disability happens. Referring to these authors, one can say that the participant’s narratives point to different senses considering schooling inclusion and the constitution of people with historical of mental disability. There was a contrast considering the investigated contexts, with evidences of participation and learning added to moments of immobility and silence. This research aims at contributing to improve the pedagogical actions in common teaching systems and direct it to new inclusive possibilities, through changes about the comprehension of mental disability as a construction that happens in the socio-cultural relations, considering that these people need creation possibilities, experimenting places, interlocution spaces, acquaintance, sharing and changes so that they can build themselves and build their life trajectories.

A presente investigação teve como foco a deficiência mental e os processos de escolarização no ensino comum. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base nas narrativas de dois alunos com histórico de deficiência mental que freqüentavam os anos finais do ensino fundamental de escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Santa Maria/RS, com o objetivo de conhecer o perfil, as expectativas e as perspectivas desses alunos, assim como analisar os sentidos atribuídos por eles ao processo de participação e escolarização no ensino comum. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a qual teve como base um conjunto de ações que envolveram a observação participante, entrevistas, análise de documentos, além de investimentos na relação entre a produção artística e as temáticas da investigação. Explorando as metáforas que emergiram nos encontros propiciados pelo ato de investigar, procurou-se valorizar o pensamento de autores como Vigotski e Bakhtin para compreender como acontece a constituição de sujeitos com histórico de deficiência mental. Com referência a esses autores, pode-se dizer que as narrativas dos participantes da pesquisa apontam sentidos diversificados para a inclusão escolar e para constituição da subjetividade dos alunos que apresentam histórico de deficiência mental. Houve contraste entre os contextos investigados, com evidências de participação e de aprendizagem que se somam a momentos de estagnação e silêncio. Esta pesquisa procurou contribuir para o redimensionamento do fazer pedagógico no ensino comum e para novas possibilidades de inclusão, por meio de mudanças na compreensão da deficiência mental como uma construção que se dá nas relações socioculturais, considerando que esses sujeitos necessitam de possibilidades de criação, lugares de experimentação, espaços de interlocução, convívio, compartilhamento e trocas para, assim, constituírem-se e construírem suas trajetórias de vida. / This investigation focused on the mental disability and the schooling processes in common teaching systems. The study was developed based on narratives of two students, with a historical of mental disability, who frequented the final grades of elementary school in Santa Maria/RS’s city hall school systems, with the objective of knowing these student’s profile, expectations and perspectives besides analyzing senses attributed by them to the participation and schooling processes in common teaching systems. This is a qualitative research that was based on a group of actions that involved participative observation, interviews, document analysis, besides investing in the relation between artistic production and the investigation’s themes. Exploring the metaphors that emerged in the meetings proportioned by the act of investigating, Vigotski and Bakhtin’s ideas were valued in order to understand how the constitution of people with historical of mental disability happens. Referring to these authors, one can say that the participant’s narratives point to different senses considering schooling inclusion and the constitution of people with historical of mental disability. There was a contrast considering the investigated contexts, with evidences of participation and learning added to moments of immobility and silence. This research aims at contributing to improve the pedagogical actions in common teaching systems and direct it to new inclusive possibilities, through changes about the comprehension of mental disability as a construction that happens in the socio-cultural relations, considering that these people need creation possibilities, experimenting places, interlocution spaces, acquaintance, sharing and changes so that they can build themselves and build their life trajectories.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-09-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_gzi_me_assis.pdf: 390967 bytes, checksum: 2375a21f584f73a7cecc80a013dc24a1 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho propõe um exame dos discursos médico-psiquiátricos e institucionais a respeito da deficiência mental. Busca compreender como esse conceito foi forjado no interior de um campo perceptivo que engloba, entre outros, os saberes médico e pedagógico, e entender como se deu a prática de tutela da pessoa identificada como deficiente mental no Brasil pelas chamadas “escolas especiais”. O exame segue por dois caminhos que estão seriamente unificados: o dos discursos que envolvem a concepção de deficiência mental e o dos aspectos condicionantes que envolvem as práticas voltadas ao sujeito deficiente em suas relações recíprocas com as instituições de tutela. A genealogia, estratégia de análise inspirada em Michel Foucault, em cujos estudos nos referenciamos amplamente, foi o instrumento utilizado para evidenciar tais saberes e práticas. Sob a óptica adotada no presente trabalho, a deficiência mental é compreendida como produto dos processos que emanam do corpo social e não como um atributo individual. Considera-se também que a instituição de educação especial tem sido o principal lugar da prática onde se situam os discursos a respeito da deficiência; ela tem sido herdeira e mantenedora de saberes especializados que referendam não só a restrição social das pessoas identificadas como deficientes mentais como também a forma como as percebemos. Entre estes saberes reinam os discursos médico-psiquiátricos que, aliados à ação pedagógica, circunscrevem o sujeito da deficiência e o inscrevem num lugar social restrito. A pesquisa trouxe à tona estes discursos e práticas que envolvem a excepcionalidade e levantou argumentos que mostram que a participação intensa e crítica do deficiente mental no corpo social, entendida pelos discursos atuais como inclusão social, depende de significativas mudanças nos dispositivos e procedimentos normativos que regulam a sociedade atual. / This paper proposes an examination of medical-psychiatric and institutional speeches about the mental disabilities. It tries to understand how this concept was forged in a perceptive field that includes, among others, medical and educational knowledge and to understand as the practice of guardianship of the person identified as mentally deficient in Brazil calls for special schools happens. The review follows two paths that are seriously unified: the one of the speeches involving the conception of mental disability, and the one of the conditioning aspects involving the practices devoted to the deficient person and his reciprocal relations with the tutelar institutions. The genealogy, a strategy of analysis inspired by Michel Foucault, in whose studies we refer widely, was the instrument used to demonstrate such knowledge and practices. Under the view adopted in this work, mental disability is conceived as a product of processes that emanate from the society and not as an individual attribute. It is also understood that the special education institution has been the main place of practice where there are speeches about the disability; it has been heir and maintainer of specialized knowledge that approves not only the social restriction of people identified as mentally disabled as also the way we recognize them. Among this knowledge the medical-psychiatric speeches dominate that, together with the educational action, close the deficient person and put him in a restricted social place. The research has brought up these speeches and practices involving the exceptionality and raised arguments that show the intensive and critical participation of the mental deficient in society, understood by the speeches as social inclusion, depends on significant changes in regulatory mechanisms and normative procedures that govern the real society.

A presente investigação teve como foco a deficiência mental e os processos de escolarização no ensino comum. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base nas narrativas de dois alunos com histórico de deficiência mental que freqüentavam os anos finais do ensino fundamental de escolas da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Santa Maria/RS, com o objetivo de conhecer o perfil, as expectativas e as perspectivas desses alunos, assim como analisar os sentidos atribuídos por eles ao processo de participação e escolarização no ensino comum. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a qual teve como base um conjunto de ações que envolveram a observação participante, entrevistas, análise de documentos, além de investimentos na relação entre a produção artística e as temáticas da investigação. Explorando as metáforas que emergiram nos encontros propiciados pelo ato de investigar, procurou-se valorizar o pensamento de autores como Vigotski e Bakhtin para compreender como acontece a constituição de sujeitos com histórico de deficiência mental. Com referência a esses autores, pode-se dizer que as narrativas dos participantes da pesquisa apontam sentidos diversificados para a inclusão escolar e para constituição da subjetividade dos alunos que apresentam histórico de deficiência mental. Houve contraste entre os contextos investigados, com evidências de participação e de aprendizagem que se somam a momentos de estagnação e silêncio. Esta pesquisa procurou contribuir para o redimensionamento do fazer pedagógico no ensino comum e para novas possibilidades de inclusão, por meio de mudanças na compreensão da deficiência mental como uma construção que se dá nas relações socioculturais, considerando que esses sujeitos necessitam de possibilidades de criação, lugares de experimentação, espaços de interlocução, convívio, compartilhamento e trocas para, assim, constituírem-se e construírem suas trajetórias de vida. / This investigation focused on the mental disability and the schooling processes in common teaching systems. The study was developed based on narratives of two students, with a historical of mental disability, who frequented the final grades of elementary school in Santa Maria/RS’s city hall school systems, with the objective of knowing these student’s profile, expectations and perspectives besides analyzing senses attributed by them to the participation and schooling processes in common teaching systems. This is a qualitative research that was based on a group of actions that involved participative observation, interviews, document analysis, besides investing in the relation between artistic production and the investigation’s themes. Exploring the metaphors that emerged in the meetings proportioned by the act of investigating, Vigotski and Bakhtin’s ideas were valued in order to understand how the constitution of people with historical of mental disability happens. Referring to these authors, one can say that the participant’s narratives point to different senses considering schooling inclusion and the constitution of people with historical of mental disability. There was a contrast considering the investigated contexts, with evidences of participation and learning added to moments of immobility and silence. This research aims at contributing to improve the pedagogical actions in common teaching systems and direct it to new inclusive possibilities, through changes about the comprehension of mental disability as a construction that happens in the socio-cultural relations, considering that these people need creation possibilities, experimenting places, interlocution spaces, acquaintance, sharing and changes so that they can build themselves and build their life trajectories.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luciana Nascimento.pdf: 754701 bytes, checksum: 7b2802b4dd5b35bd64e10722b7b812b8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-02-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / At present times there are legal resources which influence society as a whole and guarantee several rights to disabled people, hence aiming at social inclusion. Such regulation alters moral, ethical and co-existing aspects in society. There is also an increasing concern with the well-being of disabled people. Nevertheless, research usually approaches only relatives or carers perspective. Thus, this study aims at describing the occupation of Down s syndrome sufferers and their perception on personal well-being. It also endeavored at listening to them. Accordingly, the occupation of some patients is described and data on personal well-being index is presented. 33 adults who suffer from Down s syndrome along with their carers or guardians took part in this study. The patients were assessed through an instrument that rates personal well-being (PWI-ID). The carers were interviewed using a semi-structured method in order to have their occupations identified as well as obtain some data that might help characterizing the subjects of the research. This study was carried out through a quantitative method approach and the research type is descriptive. The majority of people with Down s syndrome analyzed in this study are satisfied with their personal well-being and do not have an occupation. The result of the PWI-ID, indicates the ability of the Down s Syndrome carrier to notice and evaluate different aspects of his/her life in an independent way. Furthermore, having an occupation or not can a choice among the life projects of those people. / Ultimamente, novos dispositivos legais que influenciam a sociedade como um todo garantem diversos direitos às pessoas com deficiência e, em sua maioria, priorizam a inclusão social, alterando aspectos morais, éticos e de convivência na sociedade. Há também crescente preocupação com o bem-estar das pessoas com deficiência. No entanto, é comum que as pesquisas só abordem as perspectivas dos familiares ou responsáveis. Assim, este estudo objetivou descrever a ocupação atual de pessoas adultas com Síndrome de Down (SD) e conhecer sua percepção em relação ao bem-estar pessoal, dando voz a essas pessoas. Para tanto, descreve-se a ocupação atual e são apresentados os dados relativos ao Índice de Bemestar Pessoal de 33 adultos com SD, que responderam a instrumento específico (PWI-ID) que avalia o bem-estar pessoal. Os responsáveis por essas pessoas também responderam a entrevista semiestruturada na busca de identificar as ocupações e fornecer dados da caracterização dos sujeitos da pesquisa. A maior parte das pessoas com SD desta pesquisa se mostrou satisfeita com o seu bem-estar pessoal e não possui nenhum tipo de ocupação. O resultado do PWI-ID aponta a capacidade da pessoa com SD em perceber e avaliar diferentes aspectos de sua vida de forma independente, e que ter ou não uma ocupação pode ser uma escolha no projeto de vida dessas pessoas.

My interest is to explore the pre-professional and professional employment of pupils with mild mental disabilities. The objective is to find out what the real possibilities are and whether they really find employment in the labor market. The work would monitor not only their application provided to the labor market, but also their development in the working sphere. For closer mapping, I decided to choose Pilsen and Karlovy Vary regions, where not only sheltered workshops, but also sheltered workplaces, supported employment and work-training programs exist. The aim of the thesis is to determine the pre-professional and the professional application of pupils with mild mental disabilities by their integration into an intact society. It is to determine whether they are able to get involved in the work process and how this ideas resemble reality. To find out what kind of support the respondents received during their training, what problems they had to face or endure when looking for a job, and how their professional career's developed. The work will be developed using basic scientific methods. This is especially the method of analysis, which allows to look at the phenomenon in detail. In this case, the information will be obtained in the study of professional literature, the results of the questionnaire...

I have a brother with a mental disability. The moment when he will move away from his mom‘s house is slowly approaching. The question is: Where will he move? What will he do during the days? Where will he be able to work? Will he be able to live like most of us? Will he be useful and beneficial for society? Will people perceive him as someone who needs help or as someone who has something to offer? Architecture gives space to people. Space that forms them. Space has the power to unite people. It can tear down barriers which have been build during the years. Space can open up new possibilities. That is why I am convinced that I can find answers to my questions through architecture. In my work, I want to map the life of an adult with a mental disability and find a way how to integrate him into the mainstream society fully. I want to find a way how to make partners from clients. Since I have lived with a person with a mental disability for 15 years of my life, I will rely primarily on my personal experience. I tailored the work to my brother, but, at the same time, I want it to have a general outreach. I will draw inspiration from literature, legislation, and personal meetings.

The diploma thesis deals with the issue of sexual education of young people with mild mental disability. Sexuality is seen as a natural part of the human personality. The thesis presents a possible way of informing the clients of the Transit program. The theoretical part of the work is focused on the basic concepts related to mental disabilities. Transit program is described as a service that utilizes a Person Centered Planning. The aim of the diploma thesis is to formulate a procedure for the sexual education and reproductive behaviour for the clients of Transit program. The empirical part uses the qualitative methodology - semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted in four organizations providing the Transit Program in the Czech Republic. The research showed that the current state of enlightenment is insufficient or completely missing. In conclusion, I proposed procedure for introducing sexual education into the Transit Program. Keywords: sexuality, sexual education, mild mental disability

This thesis deals with issues concerning adults and seniors with mental disability living in institutions providing social services. Special care is dedicated to those who relocated into the institutions in their adult life, often after their parents' death. Qualitative research was chosen to provide the obtained information with proper depth. The results of this research come from the analysis of interviews provided by users of social services and professionals working with people with mental disability. The aim of this thesis is to describe behavioural problems associated with users who came into the institutions later in their life, and offer them specific recommendations that would make their transition easier. Key words Mental disability, ageing, social services, deinstitutionalisation