The South Atlantic has a relevant role on the AMOC variability as it includes two main conduits of its upper-ocean return flow: the NBUC and the IWBC that carry, mainly, the SACW and the AAIW and are originated from the bifurcation of the SEC. One of the hypotheses of this work is that analyzing the bifurcation variability it is possible to get an index of the AMOC changes. Another hypothesis is that in a global warming scenario, changes in the hydrological cycle would drive modifications in the water masses that are part of the AMOC, and thus, contribute to its variability. Four global model results were used, with different forcing and spatial resolution. Results show that changes in the bifurcation are linked to modications in the currents both caused by variations in the wind stress curl. Good correlations were found between the SEC bifurcation at the surface and the AMOC. The NBUC seems to be the link between them. Shallowing of the SACW core is related to an increase of the salinity on neutral surfaces. The AAIW is occupying less space in the water column due to an increasing of the salinity in the neutral surfaces at 11°S, while the opposite happens at 27°S / The South Atlantic has a relevant role on the AMOC variability as it includes two main conduits of its upper-ocean return flow: the NBUC and the IWBC that carry, mainly, the SACW and the AAIW and are originated from the bifurcation of the SEC. One of the hypotheses of this work is that analyzing the bifurcation variability it is possible to get an index of the AMOC changes. Another hypothesis is that in a global warming scenario, changes in the hydrological cycle would drive modifications in the water masses that are part of the AMOC, and thus, contribute to its variability. Four global model results were used, with different forcing and spatial resolution. Results show that changes in the bifurcation are linked to modications in the currents both caused by variations in the wind stress curl. Good correlations were found between the SEC bifurcation at the surface and the AMOC. The NBUC seems to be the link between them. Shallowing of the SACW core is related to an increase of the salinity on neutral surfaces. The AAIW is occupying less space in the water column due to an increasing of the salinity in the neutral surfaces at 11°S, while the opposite happens at 27°S

During the last 21,000 years, the planet underwent major changes. The atmospheric CO2 concentration increased ∼50% (Monnin et al., 2001) and the mean global temperature increased 4.0±0.8°C until pre-industrial times (Annan and Hargreaves, 2013). As a consequence of this warming, the huge ice sheets that covered North America, Northern Europe and part of Eurasia melted and the polar and subpolar ocean surface received a large amount of freshwater from these retracting ice sheets. The input of freshwater alters pressure gradients on the sea surface and also the density of water masses. Since the ocean circulation is partially driven by density differences, the deglacial meltwater has the potential to affect the ocean circulation. In this PhD thesis, the impacts of meltwater input since the Last Glacial Maximum into the high latitudes, especially of the Atlantic Ocean, are studied using the results of a transient simulation of the last 22 thousand years with NCAR-CCSM3. The main results show that: (1) the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) slowed down during freshwater discharge events near dense water formation regions; (2) North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) was absent in the beginning of the deglaciation, while its intermediate version -- Glacial North Atlantic Intermediate Water (GNAIW) -- was being formed; (3) GNAIW was a fresh and cold water mass, very similar to the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the thermohaline domain; (4) the deep and abyssal Atlantic basin was dominated by AABW in the first half of the simulation; (5) the transition from GNAIW to NADW occurred after the Heinrich Stadial 1; (6) when the NADW appeared, around 12 thousand years ago (ka), AABW retracted and was constrained to lie near the bottom; (7) the presence of a low-salinity layer in the Southern Ocean surface around ∼14,000 years ago prevented the release of heat from deep waters to the atmosphere, warming the AABW; (8) the Antarctic Coastal Current (ACoC) was reinforced by the meltwater discharge from the Antarctic ice sheet. Using the Indian Ocean as a comparison, it was observed that the North Atlantic affected the western tropical Indian through atmosphere, while climatic variations associated with the Southern Hemisphere were transmitted via ocean -- especially through intermediate waters. Although the initial conditions in the glacial and modern ocean are different, this study may be used to foresee the possible responses of the ocean to the accelerated melting of glaciers and ice sheets, which are associated with dramatic climate changes. / Durante os últimos 21.000 anos, o planeta sofreu grandes mudanças. A concentração de CO2 atmosférico aumentou cerca de ∼50% (Monnin et al., 2001) e a temperatura média global aumentou 4,0±0,8°C até a época pré industrial (Annan and Hargreaves, 2013). Como consequência deste aquecimento, os grandes mantos de gelo que cobriam a América do Norte, o norte da Europa e parte da Eurásia derreteram e o oceano polar e subpolar recebeu grandes quantidades de água doce destes mantos em retração. A entrada de água doce altera gradientes de pressão na superfície do mar e também a densidade de massas de água. Como a circulação oceânica é parcialmente forçada por diferenças de densidade, a água de degelo tem o potencial de afetar esta circulação. Nesta tese de Doutorado, os impactos da entrada de água de degelo no oceano desde o Último Máximo Glacial em altas latitudes, especialmente do Oceano Atlântico, são estudados usando os resultados de uma simulação transiente dos últimos 22 mil anos com o modelo NCAR-CCSM3. Os principais resultados mostram que: (1) a circulação de revolvimento meridional do Atlântico enfraqueceu durante eventos de descarga de água doce próxima a regiões de formação de água densa; (2) a Água Profunda do Atlântico Norte (APAN) estava ausente no começo da deglaciação, enquanto sua versão intermediária -- Água Glacial Intermediária do Atlântico Norte (AGIAN) -- era formada; (3) AGIAN era uma massa d\'água doce e fria, semelhante à Água Intermediária Antártica (AIA) no domínio termohalino; (4) as camadas profundas e de fundo da bacia do Atlântico eram dominadas pela Água de Fundo Antártica (AFA) na primeira metade da simulação; (5) a transição de AGIAN para APAN ocorreu após o Heinrich Stadial 1; (6) quando a APAN apareceu, cerca de 12 mil anos atrás (ka), a AFA retraiu e ficou limitada às camadas de fundo; (7) a presença de uma camada de baixa salinidade na superfície do Oceano Austral há ∼14 mil anos impedia a liberação de calor das águas profundas para a atmosfera, aquecendo a AFA; (8) a Corrente Costeira Antártica foi intensificada pela descarga de água de degelo proveniente do manto de gelo Antártico. Usando o Oceano Índico como comparação, foi observado que o Atlântico Norte afetou o Índico oeste tropical através de processos atmosféricos, enquanto variações climáticas associadas ao Hemisfério Sul foram transmitidas via oceano -- especialmente através das camadas intermediárias. Embora as condições iniciais dos oceanos glacial e moderno sejam diferentes, este estudo pode ser usado para prever as possíveis respostas do oceano ao presente derretimento acelerado de geleiras e mantos de gelo associado a mudanças climáticas abruptas.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-11-16T17:57:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Natália Machado Mergen_.pdf: 3406281 bytes, checksum: 7a4504fe75f81db4d6a7296de374cce9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-16T17:57:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natália Machado Mergen_.pdf: 3406281 bytes, checksum: 7a4504fe75f81db4d6a7296de374cce9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-03 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / Nesta dissertação serão analisadas estruturas arqueológicas relacionadas às populações Jê Meridionais, existentes no município de São José do Cerrito, no Planalto Catarinense. A análise busca identificar indícios de complexidade em assentamentos do grupo, datados em diferentes períodos de ocupação. Estes, quando relacionados num mesmo processo, revelam diferenças na estruturação dos assentamentos, dados que contribuem para uma compreensão maior deste processo. Através do estudo dos assentamentos foram identificados três momentos de ocupação, que podem ser relacionados às mudanças ambientais ocorridas na região. No primeiro momento existem assentamentos rápidos, a céu aberto, em áreas de campo, num ambiente com recursos dispersos. No segundo momento existem assentamentos mais estáveis e mais prolongados, com estruturas subterrâneas ainda sem cerâmica, num ambiente onde os recursos da araucária começaram a se concentrar. No terceiro momento existem assentamentos mais sedentários e longos, com estruturas subterrâneas, estruturas cerimoniais e uso de cerâmica, num ambiente com recursos abundantes e estáveis. Neste último período, as estruturas subterrâneas também se transformaram, passando de estruturas grandes para estruturas geminadas e pequenas. Esta dinamicidade promove uma relativização das concepções que buscam associar todos os sítios com estruturas atribuídas ao Jê Meridional como pertencentes ao mesmo período cronológico. Esta diversificação questiona as visões que enxergam as estruturas como parte de uma única etapa de ocupação. / In this dissertation, archeological structures related to the Jê Meridional people, from the municipality of São José do Cerrito, in the state of Santa Catarina, will be analyzed. The analysis aims to identify traces of complexity in settlements corresponding to different periods of occupation of the group. These settlements, when compared to each other in a same process, reveal differences in the structuration of the settlements, which can contribute to a larger understanding of this process. Three different moments of occupation were identified which we can relate to environmental changes in the region. At the first moment, there are speedy settlements, on the open air, on campo’s areas, in a general environment with scattered resources. At a second moment, the settlements are more stable and lasting, with pit houses, still without pottery, in an environment where the resources of the Araucaria tree start to concentrate. At a third moment, the settlements are more sedentary and even more lasting, with pit houses, ceremonial structures and the use of pottery, in an environment with plentiful and stable resources. In this last period, the pit houses change from large to geminate and smaller structures. This observed dynamicity relativizes the conceptions that try to associate all the sites with the mentioned structures of the Jê Meridional to the same chronological period. This diversification questions the view that all these structures are part of a single stage of occupation.

The Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) plays an important part in the Earth's climate, but the mechanisms that determine MOC response to climate change remain unclear. In particular, the relative importance of the adiabatic and diabatic dynamics in MOC is still under debate. This study aims to explore the relationship between the air-sea density flux and isopycnal MOC, and examine the possibility of diagnosing the adiabatic component of MOC from the air-sea density flux. This is done here using the concept of the "push-pull" mode, which consists of the adiabatic push into the deep ocean in the Northern Hemisphere and pull out of the deep ocean in the Southern Hemisphere. The evolutions of the isopycnal MOC and the "push-pull" mode are qualitatively similar. The maximum streamfunctions of the "push-pull" modes and isopycnal MOC both decrease by 3-5 Sv during 100 years, and their decrease is very similar to each other in the deep layers. In particular, the slope of the downward linear trend in the maximum is about -5 Sv per 100 years in both the "push-pull" modes and isopycanl MOC at the equator. The decrease in actual isopycnal MOC is faster at heavier densities than that at lighter densities. The first EOF mode of eigenvectors of the "push-pull" mode explains less percentage of variance than in the case of the isopycnal MOC at the equator. The detection of the global changes in MOC from the surface fluxes alone is feasible, if the surface fluxes are measured with sufficient accuracy.

<p>Det svenska medlemskapet i EU har vidgat gränserna och skapat ett nytt retoriskt rum, där nivåer och sektorer och deras respektive plats i ett nytt geopolitiskt sammanhang ofta fungerar annorlunda än i folkhemmet.</p><p>Hur ser detta retoriska rum ut, om jag undersöker två journalistiska modeller, en europeisk-meridional och en anglosaxisk, med exempel från Frankrike och Sverige? Detta undersöker denna franska uppsats på magisternivå, som här erbjuds i svensk översättning. Uppsatsen lades fram vid Institutionen för språk och kultur, Linköpings Universitet, den 16 november 2006.</p><p>Frankrike anses av många i Sverige som ett modernt land, men – ack, så traditionellt… Le Nouvel Observateur är en arena där denna och andra uppfattningar går att verifiera, eftersom tidningen fortsätter att komma ut en gång i veckan sedan 1964. Moderna Tider, för sin del, var en av många svenskar uppskattad intellektuell arena under perioden 1994- 2002. Förhoppningsvis kan dessa båda tidskrifter och deras historia hjälpa oss att bättre förstå några intellektuella och journalistiska förutsättningar i ett par av Europas länder.</p><p>«Skulle problemet med det franska språket, för en del, kunna förknippas med de skilda värden som erbjuds av frankofonin, respektive english-speaking world? Värden som från båda sidor har en naturlig tendens att uppfattas som en «diskursiv hegemoni – frågorna kan inte ställas på annat sätt»?</p>

Previous numerical and theoretical results based on constant diapycnal diffusivity suggested the abyssal meridional overturning circulation (MOC) should weaken as winds over the Southern Ocean intensify. We corroborate this result in a simple ocean model, but find it does not hold in more complex models. First, models with a variable eddy transfer coefficient and simple yet dynamic atmosphere and sea-ice models show an increase, albeit slightly, of the abyssal MOC under increasing winds. Second, the abyssal MOC significantly strengthens with winds when diapycnal diffusivity is parameterized to be energetically supported by the winds. This tests the emerging idea that a significant fraction of the wind energy input to the large-scale ocean circulation is removed by mesoscale eddies and may then be transferred to internal lee waves, and thence to bottom-enhanced diapycnal mixing. A scaling theory of the abyssal MOC is extended to incorporate this energy pathway, corroborating our numerical results. / Graduate / 0415 / gstanley@uvic.ca

The South Atlantic has a relevant role on the AMOC variability as it includes two main conduits of its upper-ocean return flow: the NBUC and the IWBC that carry, mainly, the SACW and the AAIW and are originated from the bifurcation of the SEC. One of the hypotheses of this work is that analyzing the bifurcation variability it is possible to get an index of the AMOC changes. Another hypothesis is that in a global warming scenario, changes in the hydrological cycle would drive modifications in the water masses that are part of the AMOC, and thus, contribute to its variability. Four global model results were used, with different forcing and spatial resolution. Results show that changes in the bifurcation are linked to modications in the currents both caused by variations in the wind stress curl. Good correlations were found between the SEC bifurcation at the surface and the AMOC. The NBUC seems to be the link between them. Shallowing of the SACW core is related to an increase of the salinity on neutral surfaces. The AAIW is occupying less space in the water column due to an increasing of the salinity in the neutral surfaces at 11°S, while the opposite happens at 27°S / The South Atlantic has a relevant role on the AMOC variability as it includes two main conduits of its upper-ocean return flow: the NBUC and the IWBC that carry, mainly, the SACW and the AAIW and are originated from the bifurcation of the SEC. One of the hypotheses of this work is that analyzing the bifurcation variability it is possible to get an index of the AMOC changes. Another hypothesis is that in a global warming scenario, changes in the hydrological cycle would drive modifications in the water masses that are part of the AMOC, and thus, contribute to its variability. Four global model results were used, with different forcing and spatial resolution. Results show that changes in the bifurcation are linked to modications in the currents both caused by variations in the wind stress curl. Good correlations were found between the SEC bifurcation at the surface and the AMOC. The NBUC seems to be the link between them. Shallowing of the SACW core is related to an increase of the salinity on neutral surfaces. The AAIW is occupying less space in the water column due to an increasing of the salinity in the neutral surfaces at 11°S, while the opposite happens at 27°S

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-13T14:26:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 cristinasilvadeoliveira.pdf: 7108477 bytes, checksum: 577eefc4ca680acae180858bc66cc8ac (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-27T20:47:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 cristinasilvadeoliveira.pdf: 7108477 bytes, checksum: 577eefc4ca680acae180858bc66cc8ac (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T20:47:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 cristinasilvadeoliveira.pdf: 7108477 bytes, checksum: 577eefc4ca680acae180858bc66cc8ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-17 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação buscou compreender a interação e os processos que engendram a organização espacial dos sistemas naturais e sociais e sua relação com as políticas de planejamento ambiental no setor norte da Mantiqueira Meridional a partir da perspectiva geossistêmica. Os relevos quartzíticos de expressão regional, característicos do setor norte da Mantiqueira Meridional, configuram importantes alinhamentos topográficos que resguardam grande diversidade paisagística. Como fundamento teórico e metodológico recorreu-se aos postulados da Teoria dos Geossistemas, proposto por V.B Sochava. A representação cartográfica da estrutura e dinâmica dos geossistemas foi confeccionada com base na interpretação integrada de cartas temáticas nos níveis topológico e regional e levantamentos de campo. Os geossistemas que compõem o macrogeócoro do setor norte da Mantiqueira Meridional foram espacializados em um mapa com os limites da área. Verificou-se que as classes de fácies estão organizadas espacialmente em: Vertentes escarpadas alongadas com Floresta Estacional Semidecidual sob influência de pastagem; Vertentes escarpadas alongadas e interflúvios estreitos com Floresta Ombrófila Densa Montana com influência de silvicultura; Patamares de Cimeira com campos rupestres de altitude em quartzito; Vertentes Escarpadas com Floresta Ombrófila densa Montana; Vertentes escarpadas alongadas com pastagem e floresta; Morros e vales encaixados com Floresta Estacional Semidecidual sob influência de pastagem; Morros e vales encaixados com Floresta Estacional Semidecidual alterada com influência de pastagem. Em escala topológica gerou-se um mapa que caracteriza a tipologia e associações espaciais dos geossistemas do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca. A paisagem em questão é distinguida pela transição de florestas nebulares e nanoflorestas para savanas e campinas, bem marcadas pelas nuances de associações que estabelecem com os demais complexos naturais. As inter-relações geoecológicas discriminadas pela classificação geossitêmica estão explicitada na tabela (legenda) que acompanha o mapeamento do Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca. Através dos procedimentos de classificação geossistêmica foram identificados 5 grupos de fácies distribuídos pela área abrangida pelo Parque Estadual do Ibitipoca, correlacionado na forma de um quadro.Tal quadro fornece resultados sistematizados das associações espaciais entre os grupos de fácies e fácies do geossistema da área em estudo. A partir dos resultados obtidos pôde-se concluir que o mapa dos geossistemas gerados em escala pequena e em escala grande, a partir da combinação das abordagens metodológicas top-down e bottom-up, fornecem informações sobre os padrões regionais e locais inerentes a estrutura da paisagem da Serra da Mantiqueira. Os mapas, quadros e perfis, constituem base para a interpretação qualitativa e quantitativa da estrutura e processos geoecológicos, e interações internas com geossistemas e paisagens adjacentes. / The present dissertation aimed to understand the interaction and the processes that engender the spatial organization of natural and social systems and their relationship to environmental policy planning in the northern sector of the Meridional Mantiqueira from geosystemic perspective. The quartzite reliefs of regional expression, characteristic of the northern sector of the Meridional Mantiqueira, configure important topographic alignments that shelter great diversity. As theoretical and methodological foundation appealed to the postulates of the Theory of Geosystems proposed by V.B Sochava. The cartographic representation of the structure and dynamics of geosystems was made based on integrated interpretation of thematic maps in topological and regional and field surveys. The geosystems that compose the macrogeócoro of northern sector of the Meridional Mantiqueira were spatially on a map with the boundaries of the area. It was verified that the facies classes are organized spatially: elongated steep slopes with semideciduous forest under the influence of pasture; elongated steep slopes and narrow interfluves with dense rain forest Montana influencing forestry; Levels summit with rocky fields of altitude in quartzite; Craggy slopes with dense rain forest Montana; elongated steep slopes with grassland and forest; Hills and valleys embedded with semideciduous forest under the influence of pasture; Hills and valleys embedded with semideciduous forest changed with the influence of pasture. In topological scale was generated a map that characterizes the type and spatial associations of geosystems of the Ibitipoca State Park. The landscape in question is distinguished by the transition to nebular and nanoflorestas forests to savannas and plains, and marked by nuances of associations established with other natural complexes. The rural ecology interrelations broken down by geossitêmica classification are explained in the table (legend) that comes with the mapping of the Ibitipoca State Park. Through geosystemic classification procedures were identified 5 facies groups distributed by the area covered by the Ibitipoca State Park, correlated as a quadro.Tal framework provides systematized results of the spatial associations between facies groups and facies of geosystem of the study area . From the results it could be concluded that the map of geosystems generated on a small scale and large scale from the combination of methodological approaches top-down and bottom-up, provide information on the regional and local standards inherent in the structure of landscape of the Serra da Mantiqueira. Maps, charts and profiles are the basis for the qualitative and quantitative interpretation of the structure and geoecological processes, and internal interactions with geosystems and surrounding landscapes.

Esta tese é um estudo da ecologia e da cosmologia dos Enawene-Nawe, povo de língua Aruak, habitante da Amazônia Meridional, na faixa de transição entre o Cerrado e a Floresta Tropical. Sua abordagem está voltada para a interface cultura/natureza e, com base no material etnográfico, examina a hipótese de que a cultura é a condição genérica e primeira, e a natureza um momento particular e secundário, resultado de um processo de diferenciação da cultura – concepção diametralmente oposta à teoria evolutiva, típica do pensamento científico moderno. / This thesis is a study of the ecology and cosmology of the Enawene-Nawe, people of the Aruak language, inhabitants of the southern Amazon, in the transitional region between the savanna and the tropical forest. The study explores the interface culture/nature and, based upon ethnographic material, examines the hypothesis that culture is a generic and primary condition and nature a particular moment and secondary, the result of a process of cultural differentiation – a concept diametrically opposed to the theory of evolution, typical of modern scientific thinking.

Det svenska medlemskapet i EU har vidgat gränserna och skapat ett nytt retoriskt rum, där nivåer och sektorer och deras respektive plats i ett nytt geopolitiskt sammanhang ofta fungerar annorlunda än i folkhemmet. Hur ser detta retoriska rum ut, om jag undersöker två journalistiska modeller, en europeisk-meridional och en anglosaxisk, med exempel från Frankrike och Sverige? Detta undersöker denna franska uppsats på magisternivå, som här erbjuds i svensk översättning. Uppsatsen lades fram vid Institutionen för språk och kultur, Linköpings Universitet, den 16 november 2006. Frankrike anses av många i Sverige som ett modernt land, men – ack, så traditionellt… Le Nouvel Observateur är en arena där denna och andra uppfattningar går att verifiera, eftersom tidningen fortsätter att komma ut en gång i veckan sedan 1964. Moderna Tider, för sin del, var en av många svenskar uppskattad intellektuell arena under perioden 1994- 2002. Förhoppningsvis kan dessa båda tidskrifter och deras historia hjälpa oss att bättre förstå några intellektuella och journalistiska förutsättningar i ett par av Europas länder. «Skulle problemet med det franska språket, för en del, kunna förknippas med de skilda värden som erbjuds av frankofonin, respektive english-speaking world? Värden som från båda sidor har en naturlig tendens att uppfattas som en «diskursiv hegemoni – frågorna kan inte ställas på annat sätt»?