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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliação da associação dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A no gene ABCB1 a marcadores de resposta ao mesilato de imatinibe em pacientes com leucemia mieloide crônica / Evaluation of the association of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T/A polymorphisms on ABCB1 gene to response markers to imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Vivona, Douglas 01 February 2011 (has links)
A leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC) é uma expansão clonal da célula progenitora hematopoiética, traduzindo-se por hiperplasia mielóide, leucocitose, neutrofilia, basofilia e esplenomegalia. O cromossomo Filadélfia é característico da doença, sendo produto da translocação t(9;22) (q34;q11), resultando na fusão dos genes ABL e BCR. Esta fusão gera um gene híbrido que produz uma proteína com elevada atividade tirosinoquinase que tem um papel central da patogenia da LMC. O mesilato de imatinibe (MI) é um derivado da fenilaminopirimidina que inibe a proteína-tirosina quinase ABL in vitro e in vivo. O MI interage com transportadores de membrana de efluxo, como o ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1). Polimorfismos no gene ABCB1 têm sido associados com alteração na sua funcionalidade e podem estar envolvidos na resposta ao tratamento farmacológico. Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a relação dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A no gene ABCB1 com marcadores de resposta ao tratamento com MI, em indivíduos com LMC, e determinar os fatores de predisposição de resposta ao MI. Foram incluídos 118 pacientes portadores de LMC. Foram constituídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 com 70 pacientes com resposta citogenética completa com a dose padrão de MI (400 mg/dia de MI) por até 18 meses e, Grupo 2 com 48 pacientes sem resposta citogenética completa com a dose inicial de 400 mg/dia de MI ou que perderam esta resposta ao longo do tratamento . Amostras de sangue foram obtidas para: quantificação de BCR-ABL1, extração de DNA genômico e análise citogenética de banda G. As análises dos polimorfismos foram realizadas por PCR-RFLP. A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada segundo os critérios da European LeukemiaNet. A distribuição da frequência dos genótipos dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A foi similar nos dois gêneros e entre brancos e não brancos. Não houve influência dos polimorfismos estudados no risco de desenvolvimento da LMC e na resposta ao MI. O haplótipo ABCB1 1236CT/2677GT/3435CT (para os polimorfismos C1236T/G2677T/C3435T no gene ABCB1) foi encontrado em 51,7% dos pacientes com resposta molecular maior (P=0,010). Houve tendência a maior frequência de pacientes portadores de genótipos 1236 CT e TT no grupo de respondedores (86,7%) quando foi analisada a resposta molecular completa (p=0,069). O mesmo aconteceu no grupo de não respondedores quando foi considerado o polimorfismo C1236T. Houve tendência a maior frequência de resposta molecular completa em portadores de genótipo 2677 GT+TT+TA nos dois grupos (respondedores P=0,074 e não respondedores P=0,076). Em conclusão, os genótipos e haplótipos para os polimorfismos ABCB1 C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A estão associados com a resposta molecular em portadores de LMC respondedores ao tratamento com MI. / The chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal expansion of the hematopoietic progenitor cell, representing myeloid hyperplasia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, basophilia and splenomegaly. The Philadelphia chromosome is peculiar on the disease, being the result of the translocation t(9; 22) (q34; q11), leading on the fusion of the ABL and BCR genes. This merger creates a hybrid gene that produces a protein with high activity of tyrosine kinase that is the main pathogenesis of CML. The Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a fenilaminopirimidine derivative which inhibits the ABL protein-tyrosine kinase in vitro and in vivo. The MI interacts with membrane efflux transporters, such as ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1). Polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene have been associated with changes in its functionality and may be involved on the response to drug treatment. This study aims to investigate the relationship of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene with response markers for MI treatment in individuals with CML, and to determine the predisposing factors of response to MI. 118 patients with CML were included and divided in two groups. Group 1: 70 patients with complete cytogenetic response and a standard dose of IM (400 mg / day IM) for up to 18 months. Group 2: 48 patients without a complete cytogenetic response and initial dose of 400 mg / day IM or whith response lost throughout the treatment. Blood samples were obtained for: quantification of BCR-ABL1, genomic DNA extraction and band G cytogenetic analysis. The analysis of the polymorphisms were performed by PCR-RFLP. The treatment response was evaluated according to European LeukemiaNet criteria. The frequency distribution of genotypes of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms were similar in both sexes and between whites and nonwhites. The polymorphisms studied had no influence on the CML development or MI response. The haplotype ABCB1 1236CT/2677GT/3435CT (for C1236T/G2677T/C3435T polymorphisms in the ABCB1) was found in 51.7% patients with major molecular response (P = 0.010). There was a tendency for higher frequency of patients with 1236 CT and TT genotypes in the responders group (86.7%) when the molecular response was analyzed (p = 0.069). The same happened in the nonresponders group when the C1236T polymorphism was considered. There was a tendency for a higher frequency of complete molecular response in patients with 2677 GT + TT + TA genotype in both groups (responders P = 0.074 and nonresponders P = 0.076). In conclusion, genotypes and haplotypes for ABCB1 C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms are associated with molecular response in patients with CML that respond to MI treatment.
12

Análise do mesilato de imatinibe em plasma empregando a eletroforese capilar / Determination of imatinib mesylate in plasma by capillary electrophoresis

Tatiana Okura Ajimura 22 November 2010 (has links)
O mesilato de imatinibe é um importante fármaco pertencente à classe dos inibidores da tirosina-quinase, desenvolvido e utilizado atualmente no tratamento da Leucemia Mielóide Crônica. No histórico da utilização deste medicamento, casos de resistência tem sido relatados cujos mecanismos envolvidos, além dos mecanismos celulares, podem estar relacionados ao metabolismo aumentado deste fármaco. O imatinibe é metabolizado principalmente pelo CYP 3A4, cuja atividade enzimática apresenta grande variabilidade interindividual e é suscetível a indução ou inibição por inúmeras co-medicações, constituintes ambientais e dietéticos. Sendo assim uma dose do medicamento pode resultar em concentrações plasmáticas muito diferentes entre pacientes. A maior parte dos métodos existentes para a determinação do imatinibe em amostras biológicas utiliza a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Entretanto, o método desenvolvido e validado neste trabalho propôs a utilização da eletroforese capilar para a análise deste fármaco em plasma. Para isto foi utilizado um capilar de sílica fundida (46,5 cm de comprimento total, 38 cm de comprimento efetivo e 50 µm de diâmetro interno), tampão fosfato de sódio 50 mmol/L, pH 2,5 como eletrólito de corrida, injeção hidrodinâmica por 20 s a pressão de 50 mbar, tensão de 30 kV, temperatura de 35 °C e detecção em 200 nm. O procedimento de preparo das amostras foi baseado na extração líquido-líquido com o éter metil-terc-butílico como solvente extrator. Os parâmetros de desempenho analítico, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, recuperação, limite de quantificação, seletividade e estabilidade, avaliados na validação do método, cumpriram os requisitos preconizados na legislação vigente e o método desenvolvido foi validado com sucesso. Além disso, sua aplicação foi demonstrada na análise de amostras de plasma de pacientes portadores de Leucemia Mielóide Crônica. / Imatinib mesylate is an important tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been used for the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Despite the efficacy of imatinib therap, some cases of treatment resistance have been described. A number of mechanisms of resistance have been identified, which include innate or acquired mutations in the BCR-ABL gene, imatinib binding to 1- acid glycoprotein and altered imatinib pharmacokinetics. Imatinib is mainly metabolized by CYP 3A4, whose enzymatic activity presents a large inter-individual variability and is susceptible to induction or inhibition by numerous co-medications, environmental and dietary constituents. Therefore a given dose can yield very different circulating concentrations between patients. The major of methods available for the determination of imatinib in biological samples apply high performance liquid chromatography as analytical technique. However, in this work, we developed and validated a method by capillary electrophoresis for the determination of this drug in human plasma. The analysis was performed using a fused silica capillary (50 µm internal diameter x 46.5 cm total length, 38.0 cm effective length), a 50 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer pH 2,5 as background electrolyte, hydrodynamic injection time of 20s (50 mbar), voltage of 30 kV, capillary temperature of 35°C and detection at 200 nm. Plasma samples pre-treatment involved liquid-liquid extraction with methyl-terc-butyl ether as extractor solvent. The analytical parameters investigated, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of quantification, selectivity and stability, presented in accordance with the confidence criteria established in the literature. Furthermore the application of the method was performed in the analysis of plasma samples from CML patients undergoing treatment with imatinib.
13

Análise do mesilato de imatinibe em plasma empregando a eletroforese capilar / Determination of imatinib mesylate in plasma by capillary electrophoresis

Ajimura, Tatiana Okura 22 November 2010 (has links)
O mesilato de imatinibe é um importante fármaco pertencente à classe dos inibidores da tirosina-quinase, desenvolvido e utilizado atualmente no tratamento da Leucemia Mielóide Crônica. No histórico da utilização deste medicamento, casos de resistência tem sido relatados cujos mecanismos envolvidos, além dos mecanismos celulares, podem estar relacionados ao metabolismo aumentado deste fármaco. O imatinibe é metabolizado principalmente pelo CYP 3A4, cuja atividade enzimática apresenta grande variabilidade interindividual e é suscetível a indução ou inibição por inúmeras co-medicações, constituintes ambientais e dietéticos. Sendo assim uma dose do medicamento pode resultar em concentrações plasmáticas muito diferentes entre pacientes. A maior parte dos métodos existentes para a determinação do imatinibe em amostras biológicas utiliza a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência. Entretanto, o método desenvolvido e validado neste trabalho propôs a utilização da eletroforese capilar para a análise deste fármaco em plasma. Para isto foi utilizado um capilar de sílica fundida (46,5 cm de comprimento total, 38 cm de comprimento efetivo e 50 µm de diâmetro interno), tampão fosfato de sódio 50 mmol/L, pH 2,5 como eletrólito de corrida, injeção hidrodinâmica por 20 s a pressão de 50 mbar, tensão de 30 kV, temperatura de 35 °C e detecção em 200 nm. O procedimento de preparo das amostras foi baseado na extração líquido-líquido com o éter metil-terc-butílico como solvente extrator. Os parâmetros de desempenho analítico, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, recuperação, limite de quantificação, seletividade e estabilidade, avaliados na validação do método, cumpriram os requisitos preconizados na legislação vigente e o método desenvolvido foi validado com sucesso. Além disso, sua aplicação foi demonstrada na análise de amostras de plasma de pacientes portadores de Leucemia Mielóide Crônica. / Imatinib mesylate is an important tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been used for the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Despite the efficacy of imatinib therap, some cases of treatment resistance have been described. A number of mechanisms of resistance have been identified, which include innate or acquired mutations in the BCR-ABL gene, imatinib binding to 1- acid glycoprotein and altered imatinib pharmacokinetics. Imatinib is mainly metabolized by CYP 3A4, whose enzymatic activity presents a large inter-individual variability and is susceptible to induction or inhibition by numerous co-medications, environmental and dietary constituents. Therefore a given dose can yield very different circulating concentrations between patients. The major of methods available for the determination of imatinib in biological samples apply high performance liquid chromatography as analytical technique. However, in this work, we developed and validated a method by capillary electrophoresis for the determination of this drug in human plasma. The analysis was performed using a fused silica capillary (50 µm internal diameter x 46.5 cm total length, 38.0 cm effective length), a 50 mmol/L sodium phosphate buffer pH 2,5 as background electrolyte, hydrodynamic injection time of 20s (50 mbar), voltage of 30 kV, capillary temperature of 35°C and detection at 200 nm. Plasma samples pre-treatment involved liquid-liquid extraction with methyl-terc-butyl ether as extractor solvent. The analytical parameters investigated, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of quantification, selectivity and stability, presented in accordance with the confidence criteria established in the literature. Furthermore the application of the method was performed in the analysis of plasma samples from CML patients undergoing treatment with imatinib.
14

Avaliação do perfil in vitro de dissolução de comprimidos de mesilato de imatinibe empregando a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência / Evaluation of the in vitro dissolution profile of imatinib mesylate tablets using the high performance liquid chromatography

Thiago Branco Hanna 25 October 2010 (has links)
A leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC) é uma doença cujo marcador molecular é o rearranjo gênico BCR/ABL, original da translocação t(9;22), conhecida como cromossomo Philadelphia. Recentemente, os inibidores da enzima tirosina-quinase têm sido estudados e utilizados para o tratamento da LMC. Nesta classe, está o Mesilato de Imatinibe, uma pequena molécula que inibe competitivamente a BCR/ABL tirosina quinase, impedindo sua atividade. Por não possuir monografia publicada em compêndios oficiais, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o perfil in vitro de dissolução de comprimidos de mesilato em diferentes condições. A quantificação do fármaco foi feita utilizando a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência em fase reversa (CLAE-FR) e as análises foram realizadas em uma coluna C18 Gemini Phenomenex®, utilizando como fase móvel tampão acetato de sódio 10,7 mmol/L, pH 3,0:metanol (40:60 v/v). O método foi validado e apresentou-se linear no intervalo de concentração de 10-150 µg/mL (r=0,9993). Os coeficientes de variação obtidos foram inferiores a 2,0 % e a exatidão próxima de 100 %. Também foram avaliados os parâmetros seletividade, robustez, estabilidade e limite de quantificação (10 µg/mL). A avaliação do perfil in vitro de dissolução foi realizada em três diferentes meios de dissolução (HCl 0,1 N, tampão acetato de sódio pH 4,5 e tampão fosfato de potássio monobásico pH 6,8), três velocidades de agitação (50, 75 e 100 rpm) e dois tipos de aparatos (pá e cesta). Os resultados obtidos neste teste indicaram que a forma farmacêutica em estudo é de liberação imediata, uma vez que foi verificada liberação de grande quantidade do fármaco em um curto período de tempo. A comparação dos perfis de dissolução, realizada através do cálculo da eficiência de dissolução, apresentou diferenças em relação à porcentagem do fármaco liberado. a condição mais adequada para avaliar o perfil in vitro de dissolução é o meio de dissolução HCl 0,1 N, aparato da pá e velocidade de agitação de 75 ou 100 rpm. / Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a disease whose molecular marker is the BCR/ABL, original of the translocation t (9; 22), known as the Philadelphia chromosome. Recently, inhibitors of the enzyme tyrosine kinase have been studied and used for the treatment of CML. In this class, is the Imatinib mesylate, a small molecule that competitively inhibits BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase, preventing its activity. To do not have a monograph published in official compendia, the objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro dissolution of tablets mesylate in different conditions. The quantification of the drug was made using high performance liquid chromatography on reversed phase (RP-HPLC) and analysis was performed on a Phenomenex® Gemini C18 column using a mobile phase of sodium acetate buffer 10.7 mmol/L pH 3.0:methanol (40:60 v/v). The method was validated and presented in a linear concentration range of 10-150 µg/mL (r=0.9993). The coefficients of variation obtained were below 2.0% and accuracy near 100%. We also evaluated the parameters selectivity, robustness, stability and limit of quantification (10 µg/mL). The evaluation of in vitro dissolution was conducted in three different dissolution media (0.1 N HCl, sodium acetate buffer pH 4.5 and potassium phosphate monobasic buffer pH 6.8), three agitation speeds (50, 75 and 100 rpm) and two types of devices (paddle and basket). The results of this tests indicated that the pharmaceutical form in question is immediate release, since it was observed release of large amounts of the drug in a short period of time. The comparison of dissolution profiles, conducted by calculating the dissolution efficiency, showed differences compared to the percentage of drug released. The best conditions to evaluate the in vitro profile of dissolution is the dissolution medium 0.1 N HCl, paddle apparatus and stirring speed of 75 or 100 rpm.
15

Soft Tissue Calcification Secondary to Imatinib Mesylate in a Patient with Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Enck, Robert E., Abushahin, Fadi, Bossaer, John B. 14 May 2013 (has links)
Imatinib mesylate has been associated with the changes in bone turnover. We report a case of the development of tissue calcification in a patient on long-term therapy with this drug. A 48-year-old male patient with gastrointestinal stromal tumor and liver metastasis complained of abdominal pain. His treatment included hepatic artery chemoembolization and partial hepatectomy in addition to chronic imatinib mesylate for 4 years. On physical examination, he had a peritoneal mass just beneath the laparotomy incision scar that, after resection, was found to be dystrophic bone formation. Based on the previous studies suggesting bone changes due to chronic therapy with imatinib mesylate, we believe that the patient's new bone formation was causally related to the use of this drug. To our knowledge, there are no similar reported cases in the literature.
16

Antifibrozinių priemonių paieška preklinikiniuose sisteminės sklerozės modeliuose / The performance of antifibrotic agents in preclinical models of systemic sclerosis

Venalis, Paulius 01 October 2010 (has links)
Sisteminė sklerozė (SSc) – viena sunkiausių ir fatališkiausių autoimuninių sisteminių reumatinių ligų, o bazinių vaistų stygius, šiai ligai gydyti, itin didelis. Į onkologinę klinikinę praktiką įdiegtas tirozinkinazių inhibitorius – imatinibo mezilatas(IM). IM blokuoja TGF-β ir PDGF intraląstelinio signalo perdavimą ir taip sąlygoja fibrozės prevenciją SSc pelių modelyje. Mums buvo svarbu išsiaiškinti, ar imatinibas gali turėti įtakos ne tik prevencijai, bet ir susiformavusiai fibrozei. Be to TGF-β ir PDGF blokavimas angiogenezėje, galėtų riboti daug žadančio fibrozės inhibitoriaus IM naudojimą gydant SSc. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti imatinibo mezilato poveikį fibrozės procesui ir endoteliui sisteminės sklerozės eksperimentiniuose modeliuose ir ląstelių kultūrose. Darbo uždaviniai: įvertinti imatinibo efektyvumą neuždegiminiame SSc modelyje ir patikrinti imatinibo mezilato efektyvumą uždegiminiame suformuotos fibrozės modelyje; ištirti, ar terapinės imatinibo mezilato koncentracijos daro neigiamą poveikį gyvybinėms endotelio funkcijoms; įvertinti imatinibo mezilato poveikį angiogenezės etapams. Mūsų gauti duomenys rodo, kad: IM ne tik sustabdė bet ir paskatino jau egzistuojančios (bleomicino sukeltos) odos firbrozės regresiją; IM ryškiai sumažino poodžio ir odos storį, bei normalizavo miofibroblastų skaičių Tsk-1 pelėse; IM neturėjo poveikio endotelio ląstelių bazinėms funkcijoms; IM neturėjo neigiamo poveikio angiogenezės etapams. / Systemic sclerosis (SSc) – is one of the most complicated and fatal systemic diseases, and the lack of effective therapy is very evident. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM) was shown to inhibit TGF-β and PDGF signaling pathways and prevent the development of dermal fibrosis upon challenge with bleomycin in murine model of SSc. The aim of therapy is not only to stop disease progression, but even induce regression of preexisting fibrosis. On other hand, blocking TGF-β and PDGF signaling in angiogenesis might worsen the vascular manifestations of SSc. We found important to evaluate effectiveness of IM for the treatment of pre-established tissue fibrosis and to exclude that the anti-fibrotic effects of IM are complicated by inhibitory effects on endothelial cell functions. Aim of the study: assess the effect of IM on the process of fibrosis and endothelium in experimental models of systemic sclerosis and cell cultures. Objectives of the study: assess the effectiveness of IM on murine models of established fibrosis; evaluate if IM has an effect on basal functions of endothelial cells; assess effect of IM on the process of angiogenesis. We have shown that IM exerts potent antifibrotic effects in two different models of SSc. Imatinib was effective for prevention of fibrosis and for treatment of established dermal fibrosis. We’ve demonstrated that IM does not inhibit major functions of endothelial cells. Thus, IM might not augment further the preexisting vascular... [to full text]
17

The performance of antifibrotic agents in preclinical models of systemic sclerosis / Antifibrozinių priemonių paieška preklinikiniuose sisteminės sklerozės modeliuose

Venalis, Paulius 01 October 2010 (has links)
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) – is one of the most complicated and fatal systemic diseases, and the lack of effective therapy is very evident. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (IM) was shown to inhibit TGF-β and PDGF signaling pathways and prevent the development of dermal fibrosis upon challenge with bleomycin in murine model of SSc. The aim of therapy is not only to stop disease progression, but even induce regression of preexisting fibrosis. On other hand, blocking TGF-β and PDGF signaling in angiogenesis might worsen the vascular manifestations of SSc. We found important to evaluate effectiveness of IM for the treatment of pre-established tissue fibrosis and to exclude that the anti-fibrotic effects of IM are complicated by inhibitory effects on endothelial cell functions. Aim of the study: assess the effect of IM on the process of fibrosis and endothelium in experimental models of systemic sclerosis and cell cultures. Objectives of the study: assess the effectiveness of IM on murine models of established fibrosis; evaluate if IM has an effect on basal functions of endothelial cells; assess effect of IM on the process of angiogenesis. We have shown that IM exerts potent antifibrotic effects in two different models of SSc. Imatinib was effective for prevention of fibrosis and for treatment of established dermal fibrosis. We’ve demonstrated that IM does not inhibit major functions of endothelial cells. Thus, IM might not augment further the preexisting vascular... [to full text] / Sisteminė sklerozė (SSc) – viena sunkiausių ir fatališkiausių autoimuninių sisteminių reumatinių ligų, o bazinių vaistų stygius, šiai ligai gydyti, itin didelis. Į onkologinę klinikinę praktiką įdiegtas tirozinkinazių inhibitorius – imatinibo mezilatas(IM). IM blokuoja TGF-β ir PDGF intraląstelinio signalo perdavimą ir taip sąlygoja fibrozės prevenciją SSc pelių modelyje. Mums buvo svarbu išsiaiškinti, ar imatinibas gali turėti įtakos ne tik prevencijai, bet ir susiformavusiai fibrozei. Be to TGF-β ir PDGF blokavimas angiogenezėje, galėtų riboti daug žadančio fibrozės inhibitoriaus IM naudojimą gydant SSc. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti imatinibo mezilato poveikį fibrozės procesui ir endoteliui sisteminės sklerozės eksperimentiniuose modeliuose ir ląstelių kultūrose. Darbo uždaviniai: įvertinti imatinibo efektyvumą neuždegiminiame SSc modelyje ir patikrinti imatinibo mezilato efektyvumą uždegiminiame suformuotos fibrozės modelyje; ištirti, ar terapinės imatinibo mezilato koncentracijos daro neigiamą poveikį gyvybinėms endotelio funkcijoms; įvertinti imatinibo mezilato poveikį angiogenezės etapams. Mūsų gauti duomenys rodo, kad: IM ne tik sustabdė bet ir paskatino jau egzistuojančios (bleomicino sukeltos) odos firbrozės regresiją; IM ryškiai sumažino poodžio ir odos storį, bei normalizavo miofibroblastų skaičių Tsk-1 pelėse; IM neturėjo poveikio endotelio ląstelių bazinėms funkcijoms; IM neturėjo neigiamo poveikio angiogenezės etapams.
18

Avaliação da associação dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A no gene ABCB1 a marcadores de resposta ao mesilato de imatinibe em pacientes com leucemia mieloide crônica / Evaluation of the association of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T/A polymorphisms on ABCB1 gene to response markers to imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Douglas Vivona 01 February 2011 (has links)
A leucemia mieloide crônica (LMC) é uma expansão clonal da célula progenitora hematopoiética, traduzindo-se por hiperplasia mielóide, leucocitose, neutrofilia, basofilia e esplenomegalia. O cromossomo Filadélfia é característico da doença, sendo produto da translocação t(9;22) (q34;q11), resultando na fusão dos genes ABL e BCR. Esta fusão gera um gene híbrido que produz uma proteína com elevada atividade tirosinoquinase que tem um papel central da patogenia da LMC. O mesilato de imatinibe (MI) é um derivado da fenilaminopirimidina que inibe a proteína-tirosina quinase ABL in vitro e in vivo. O MI interage com transportadores de membrana de efluxo, como o ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1). Polimorfismos no gene ABCB1 têm sido associados com alteração na sua funcionalidade e podem estar envolvidos na resposta ao tratamento farmacológico. Este estudo tem por objetivo investigar a relação dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A no gene ABCB1 com marcadores de resposta ao tratamento com MI, em indivíduos com LMC, e determinar os fatores de predisposição de resposta ao MI. Foram incluídos 118 pacientes portadores de LMC. Foram constituídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 com 70 pacientes com resposta citogenética completa com a dose padrão de MI (400 mg/dia de MI) por até 18 meses e, Grupo 2 com 48 pacientes sem resposta citogenética completa com a dose inicial de 400 mg/dia de MI ou que perderam esta resposta ao longo do tratamento . Amostras de sangue foram obtidas para: quantificação de BCR-ABL1, extração de DNA genômico e análise citogenética de banda G. As análises dos polimorfismos foram realizadas por PCR-RFLP. A resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada segundo os critérios da European LeukemiaNet. A distribuição da frequência dos genótipos dos polimorfismos C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A foi similar nos dois gêneros e entre brancos e não brancos. Não houve influência dos polimorfismos estudados no risco de desenvolvimento da LMC e na resposta ao MI. O haplótipo ABCB1 1236CT/2677GT/3435CT (para os polimorfismos C1236T/G2677T/C3435T no gene ABCB1) foi encontrado em 51,7% dos pacientes com resposta molecular maior (P=0,010). Houve tendência a maior frequência de pacientes portadores de genótipos 1236 CT e TT no grupo de respondedores (86,7%) quando foi analisada a resposta molecular completa (p=0,069). O mesmo aconteceu no grupo de não respondedores quando foi considerado o polimorfismo C1236T. Houve tendência a maior frequência de resposta molecular completa em portadores de genótipo 2677 GT+TT+TA nos dois grupos (respondedores P=0,074 e não respondedores P=0,076). Em conclusão, os genótipos e haplótipos para os polimorfismos ABCB1 C1236T, C3435T e G2677T/A estão associados com a resposta molecular em portadores de LMC respondedores ao tratamento com MI. / The chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal expansion of the hematopoietic progenitor cell, representing myeloid hyperplasia, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, basophilia and splenomegaly. The Philadelphia chromosome is peculiar on the disease, being the result of the translocation t(9; 22) (q34; q11), leading on the fusion of the ABL and BCR genes. This merger creates a hybrid gene that produces a protein with high activity of tyrosine kinase that is the main pathogenesis of CML. The Imatinib mesylate (IM) is a fenilaminopirimidine derivative which inhibits the ABL protein-tyrosine kinase in vitro and in vivo. The MI interacts with membrane efflux transporters, such as ATP binding cassette B1 (ABCB1). Polymorphisms in the ABCB1 gene have been associated with changes in its functionality and may be involved on the response to drug treatment. This study aims to investigate the relationship of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms in ABCB1 gene with response markers for MI treatment in individuals with CML, and to determine the predisposing factors of response to MI. 118 patients with CML were included and divided in two groups. Group 1: 70 patients with complete cytogenetic response and a standard dose of IM (400 mg / day IM) for up to 18 months. Group 2: 48 patients without a complete cytogenetic response and initial dose of 400 mg / day IM or whith response lost throughout the treatment. Blood samples were obtained for: quantification of BCR-ABL1, genomic DNA extraction and band G cytogenetic analysis. The analysis of the polymorphisms were performed by PCR-RFLP. The treatment response was evaluated according to European LeukemiaNet criteria. The frequency distribution of genotypes of C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms were similar in both sexes and between whites and nonwhites. The polymorphisms studied had no influence on the CML development or MI response. The haplotype ABCB1 1236CT/2677GT/3435CT (for C1236T/G2677T/C3435T polymorphisms in the ABCB1) was found in 51.7% patients with major molecular response (P = 0.010). There was a tendency for higher frequency of patients with 1236 CT and TT genotypes in the responders group (86.7%) when the molecular response was analyzed (p = 0.069). The same happened in the nonresponders group when the C1236T polymorphism was considered. There was a tendency for a higher frequency of complete molecular response in patients with 2677 GT + TT + TA genotype in both groups (responders P = 0.074 and nonresponders P = 0.076). In conclusion, genotypes and haplotypes for ABCB1 C1236T, C3435T and G2677T / A polymorphisms are associated with molecular response in patients with CML that respond to MI treatment.
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Polimorfismo CYP3A4-290A>G relacionado ao metabolismo do mesilato de imatinibe, no prognóstico de pacientes com leucemia mielóide crônica / CYP3A4-A-290G polymorphism, enrolled in metabolism of imatinib mesylate, in prognosis of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients

Neri Numa, Iramaia Angelica, 1978- 21 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Carmen Silvia Passos Lima / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T21:59:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Numa_IramaiaAngelicaNeri_M.pdf: 4547636 bytes, checksum: 22548046dff40a3bb4e586230e3f13b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O mesilato de imatinibe (MI) é o tratamento de escolha para pacientes com leucemia mielóide crônica (LMC) em fase crônica, mas a resposta ao medicamento é variável em indivíduos distintos. A CYP3A4 é a principal enzima responsável pelo metabolismo hepático do MI. O alelo variante G do polimorfismo CYP3A4 A-290G codifica menor quantidade de enzima do que o alelo selvagem A, mas o papel do referido polimorfismo em pacientes com LMC tratados com MI é desconhecido. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram os de avaliar a eficácia, a toxicidade a sobrevida livre de progressão (SLP) e global (SG) de pacientes com LMC durante a administração de MI e verificar se estes parâmetros são alterados pela variabilidade interindividual no metabolismo do fármaco, relacionada ao polimorfismo CYP3A4 A-290G. Foram avaliados 100 pacientes com LMC em FC precoce atendidos no Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia da UNICAMP. O diagnóstico da LMC, o exame hematológico, o cariótipo, a pesquisa do gene BCR-ABL e os genótipos do polimorfismo CYP3A4 A-290G foram realizados por métodos convencionais. Os pacientes receberam o MI na dose de 400mg e a resposta ao tratamento foi avaliada segundo os critérios do European Leukemia Net. Identificamos respostas hematológicas, citogenética e molecular similares às previamente descritas. A taxa de resposta hematológica foi de 95% ao longo do estudo. Aos doze meses, as respostas citogenética completa ou parcial foram de 72% e 11% respectivamente. Já as taxas de respostas moleculares completas e maiores aos 22 meses foram de 28% e 26%, respectivamente. A sobrevida global foi de 94% aos 92 meses bem como a sobrevida livre de progressão para as fases avançadas da doença. Observamos que pacientes com resposta citogenética completa ou parcial e molecular xiv completa ou maior apresentaram maior SLP e SG do que os demais. Cerca de 13% dos pacientes era portadores do genótipo AG do polimorfismo CYP3A4 A-290G, o qual esteve associado à obtenção de resposta molecular completa tardia e tendência à menor SLP e SG. Apesar da hipótese do alelo variante (G) exibir um fenótipo metabolizador lento associado a uma menor taxa de biotransformação do MI e portando maior risco de reações tóxicas, não observamos diferenças entre as toxicidades hematológicas e não hematológica (P= 0,28). Assim, concluímos que nossos pacientes respondem de forma similar ao MI do que os demais e que o polimorfismo CYP3A4 A-290G pode vir a funcionar como biomarcador de resposta ao fármaco / Abstract: Imatinib (IM) is widely recognized as the standard of care in the first-line treatment of CML but the response to the drug is variable in different subjects. CYP3A4 is the main enzyme responsible for the hepatic metabolism of Imatinib. The G variant allele of the polymorphism A-290G encoding least amount of enzyme than the wild-type allele, but the role of this polymorphism in CML patients treated with Imatinib is unknown. The aims of this study were to assess the efficacy, toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of patients with CML during the administration of Imatinib and check if these parameters are affected y interindividual variability in drug metabolism, the polymorphism related to CYP3A4 A-290G. We evaluated 100 patients with CML newly diagnosed at Center of Hematology and Hemoterapy of UNICAMP. The diagnosis of CML, hematology, karyotyping, research the BCR-ABL gene polymorphism and CYP3A4 genotypes A-290G were performed by conventional methods. Patients received a dose of 400mg IM and treatment response was assessed according to the criteria of the European Leukemia Net responses identified hematologic, cytogenetic and molecular similar to those previously described. The hematologic response rate was 95% throughout the study. At 22 months the complete or partial cytogenetic responses were 72% and 11% respectively. The complete molecular response rates at 22 months were 28% and 26%, respectively. Overall survival (OS) was 94% at 92 months and the progression-free survival (PFS) for advanced stages of the disease. We observed that patients with partial or complete cytogenetic response and major molecular and complete PFS and OS showed higher than other. We observed that patients with partial or complete cytogenetic response and major molecular xvi and complete PFS and OS showed higher than others. About 13% of patients were of AG genotype polymorphism of the CYP3A4 -290A>G, which was associated with achieving complete molecular response and late tendency to lower PFS and OS. Despite the possibility of variant allele (G) display a slow metabolizer phenotype associated with a lower rate of biotransformation of IM and carrying greater risk of toxic reactions, no significant differences between hematological and non hematological toxicities (P= 0,28). Thus, we conclude that our patients respond similary to IM than others and that the polymorphism CYP3A4 -290A>G might function as a biomarker of response to the drug / Mestrado / Ciencias Basicas / Mestra em Clínica Médica
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Optimisation d’une stratégie thérapeutique antitumorale conventionnelle par association à une immunothérapie : etude de phase I combinant l’Imatinib à l’Interleukine-2 / Optimisation of a targeted therapy by combining with a immunotherapy : phase 1 clinical trial of the co-administration of Imatinib and interleukin-2

Locher, Clara 07 June 2013 (has links)
Chef de file des inhibiteurs de tyrosines kinase, l’Imatinib Mesylate (IM) a révolutionné la prise en charge de la leucémie myéloïde chronique et des tumeurs stromales gastro-intestiales. En plus de son action directe sur les cellules tumorales, une partie de l’efficacité thérapeutique de l’IM a été attribuée à son aptitude à moduler la réponse immunitaire. Cette propriété soulève la possibilité que les résultats cliniques de l’IM pourraient être améliorés en le combinant efficacement à une immunothérapie. A cet effet, nous avons montré dans un modèle préclinique que l’interleukine-2 (IL-2) – adjuvant des cellules NK – augmente l’efficacité de l’IM. Nous avons également démontré une efficacité supérieure de l’IM en association au cyclophosphamide (CTX) du fait de l’inhibition des lymphocytes T régulateurs. Nous avons donc entrepris un essai clinique de phase 1 associant l’IM, l’IL-2 et le CTX chez des patients ayant une tumeur solide métastatique ou localement avancée. Les objectifs de cet essai sont (i) de déterminer la dose maximale tolérée d’IL-2 associée à l’IM et au CTX ; (ii) d’étudier les paramètres pharmacocinétiques de l’association ; (iii) d’évaluer l’efficacité de l’association et (iv) son effet sur les effecteurs de l’immunité. Au total, 17 patients ont été inclus dans cette étude. La DMT d’IL-2 associée à la dose fixe de 400 mg d’IM correspond à 6 MUI/j. A ce niveau de dose, tous les patients ont présenté au moins un effet indésirable imputable au traitement : principalement fièvre et frissons, augmentation des enzymes hépatiques, asthénie et nausée mais sans que ne soit observée de toxicité limitante. L’étude des paramètres pharmacocinétiques révèle une augmentation significative de l’exposition systémique à l’IM en fin de cycle et qui semble être imputable à l’IL-2. La pharmacocinétique de l’IL-2 n’est par contre pas modifiée par l’administration concomitante d’IM. Sur le plan des effecteurs de l’immunité, l’association IM, IL-2 et CTX diminue le taux de lymphocytes B, lymphocytes T (LT) CD4+ et LT CD8+ mais active les cellules NK puisqu’on observe une augmentation des marqueurs CD56bright, HLA-DR et TRAIL. De manière intéressante, la sous-population de cellules NK HLA-DR+ possède des capacités de dégranulation plus importante après exposition à cette association et son expansion est associée à une meilleure survie. Cette association pourrait donc s’avérer particulièrement intéressante dans le traitement de tumeurs sensibles d’une part à l’IM et d’autre part à la lyse par les cellules NK. Les GIST étant particulièrement sensibles à l’IM, nous avons étudié l’infiltrat tumoral présent au niveau de ses tumeurs. Nous avons ainsi pu mettre en évidence le rôle pronostique de l’infiltrat en LT et NK sur la survie sans progression des GIST. En vue d’une étude de phase 2, les GIST apparaissent donc être un modèle tumoral particulièrement pertinent pour évaluer les bénéfices de l’association IM, IL-2 et CTX. / Imatinib mesylate (IM) was the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor to be successfully used in clinical practice and its introduction has revolutionized the management of chronic myeloid leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. In addition to its direct effects on malignant cells, IM appears to exert immunological off-target effects that contribute to its anticancer effects. Thus, combining IM with immunotherapy might improve patients’ clinical outcome. Indeed, IM combined to Interleukin-2 (IL-2) - a cytokine that enhances natural killer (NK) cells functions - improved antitumor responses in preclinical models. We also observed synergistic effects of cyclophosphamide (CTX) and IM as a result of the inhibition of regulatory T lymphocytes. Based on the promising results of these preclinical studies, we developed a phase 1 clinical trial which combines metronomic CTX, IM and escalating doses of IL-2 in patients affected by refractory solid tumors. The goals of this study were (i) to determine the maximum tolerated dose of IL-2 combined with IM and CTX ; (ii) to study the pharmacokinetics of IM and IL-2 ; (iii) to evaluate clinical efficacy of the combined therapy and (iv) effects of the association on immune parameters. A total of 17 patients were enrolled in the study. The maximum tolerated dose of IL-2 combined with IM, given at a constant dose of 400 mg was determined to be 6 MIU/day. At this dose level, all patients experienced at least one treatment-related adverse event: fevers and chills, transaminase elevation, fatigue and nausea but no dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that the co-administration of IL-2 increases the systemic exposure of patients to IM. In contrast, the pharmacokinetics of IL-2 was not modified by IM. The combined therapy markedly reduced the absolute numbers of B lymphocytes, CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells in a IL-2 dose-dependant manner. The NK cell compartment was activated, exhibiting a significant upregulation of CD56bright, HLA-DR and TRAIL. Interinstingly, the abundance of HLA-DR+ NK cells after one course of combined therapy positively correlated with both progression free- and overall survival. Thus, it could be of interest to evaluate this immunotherapeutic regimen in a tumor model sensitive to IM and to lysis by NK cells and evaluate whether the adjunction of IL-2 can boost the efficacy of IM. GIST are particularly sensitive to IM, thus we performed a retrospective study of the immune infiltrates and their prognostic value in these tumors. We found that both LT and NK cell infiltrates were independent prognostic factors for progression-free survival. For a phase 2 clinical trial, gastrointestinal stromal tumors appear to be a particularly relevant to evaluate the benefits of the association IM, IL-2 and CTX.

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