Submitted by Izabel Monteiro (izabel_22@hotmail.com) on 2016-06-17T14:20:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Francisco Ivan Rodrigues de Andrade.pdf: 6673381 bytes, checksum: 9501e6a18c7292453a100a4e6fdaba24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-06-23T20:11:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Francisco Ivan Rodrigues de Andrade.pdf: 6673381 bytes, checksum: 9501e6a18c7292453a100a4e6fdaba24 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-06-23T20:14:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Francisco Ivan Rodrigues de Andrade.pdf: 6673381 bytes, checksum: 9501e6a18c7292453a100a4e6fdaba24 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T20:14:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação-Francisco Ivan Rodrigues de Andrade.pdf: 6673381 bytes, checksum: 9501e6a18c7292453a100a4e6fdaba24 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-19 / Search for energy efficiency is currently one of the main global challenges. Energy demand is growing and this is attributed to increased energy consumption in homes. In this scenario of a big energy demand, public policies related to changes in the tariff structure of the bills have been applied in an attempt to improve the use of energy resources and prevent collapses in the Brazilian electric sector. It is becoming evident that the knowledge and the management of residential energy consumption need to be improved. Thus, home energy management systems have been proposed for monitoring and control of electrical infrastructure and appliances in homes. However, most existing solutions are designed with limited scope such as lighting control with motion detection, climate control based on ambient temperature and control of turning on and off electrical appliances. To overcome these limitations, studies have been conducted with the aim of providing features that minimize power consumption and energy costs based on the quantity of people in the residential and their profiles. Studies in the literature seek to generate schedules for the implementation of appliances considering different variables and constraints such as appliance power, runtime, variable rate by time, balanced usage of appliances out off-peak hours and user criteria of comfort/preference, featuring a NP-Hard optimization problem. To solve this problem, we propose in the work a method called Zippy, which assists the reduction of energy cost through running appliances schedules while meeting a set of predefined constraints. The proposed method uses Tabu Search metaheuristic to assist in the appliance execution schedule in a more economically way. Experiments carried out in a database from a home showed that the method is able to provide good programming acquiring an overall savings of up to 46% compared with the original cost obtained without the method. / A busca pela eficiência energética representa atualmente um dos principais desafios mundiais. Em função do cenário crescente de demanda de energia, políticas públicas relacionadas a mudanças na estrutura tarifária das contas de energia têm sido aplicadas na tentativa de melhorar a utilização dos recursos energéticos e evitar colapsos no setor de energia elétrica brasileiro. Tal fato torna cada vez mais evidente a necessidade de conhecer e gerenciar o consumo de energia residencial. Dessa forma, sistemas de gerenciamento de energia residencial têm sido propostos para o monitoramento e controle da infraestrutura elétrica e dos eletrodomésticos em residências. No entanto, a maioria das soluções existentes é projetada com escopo limitado, tais como controle de iluminação com detecção de movimento, controle do clima com base na temperatura interna do ambiente, e controle para ligar e desligar aparelhos elétricos. Para superar estas limitações, estudos têm sido realizados com o objetivo de fornecer funcionalidades que permitam minimizar o consumo e o custo de energia em função do número e perfil das pessoas na residência. Na literatura há trabalhos que geram programações para a execução dos aparelhos considerando diferentes variáveis e restrições como potência de aparelho, tempo de execução, tarifa variável por horário e balanceamento de uso dos aparelhos para fora do horário de ponta, a combinação desse grande número de variáveis caracteriza um problema de otimização de complexidade NP-difícil. Para superar este problema, este trabalho propõe um método, denominado Zippy, que auxilia na redução do custo de energia por meio de uma programação de horários de execução dos aparelhos, satisfazendo ao mesmo tempo um conjunto de restrições pré-definidas. O método proposto utiliza a metaheurística Busca Tabu para auxiliar na geração de programação de execução de aparelhos em intervalos de tempo mais viáveis economicamente. Experimentos realizados com uma base de dados de uma residência mostram que o método é capaz de fornecer boas programações adquirindo uma economia geral de até 46% quando comparado com os custos originais obtidos sem a aplicação do método.

Orientador: Vinícius Amaral Armentano / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Elétrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T22:56:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Branchini_RodrigoMoretti_D.pdf: 2921053 bytes, checksum: 29694a6f4803c5c222c97cbe95a2b199 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Este trabalho aborda um problema de planejamento tático em empresas de transporte marítimo de carga que coletam e entregam as demandas contratadas por seus clientes. As viagens associadas a estas demandas são obrigatórias, mas a empresa pode também atender a demandas spot associadas com viagens opcionais para aumentar seu lucro durante um horizonte de tempo de médio prazo. O problema de otimização é formulado como um modelo de programação inteira mista que é definido em um grafo orientado em que nós representam viagens obrigatórias e opcionais. As decisões do modelo são determinar o número e tipo de navios que compõem a frota, designar um navio a um conjunto de viagens obrigatórias e opcionais, definir as rotas de cada navio e estipular os tempos de início de atendimento nos portos para cada viagem. Um algoritmo de busca tabu com uma lista de candidatos e um conjunto de soluções de elite são propostos para resolver instâncias do problema. Os resultados computacionais da busca tabu são comparados com as soluções ótimas e sub-ótimas encontradas pelo CPLEX para o modelo de programação inteira mista / Abstract: We address a tactical planning problem faced by many liner shipping companies that have committed contractual voyages while trying to serve optional spot voyages to increase its revenue over the medium-term horizon. The optimization problem is formulated as a mixed integer programming model that is defined on a directed graph whose nodes represent contractual and spot voyages. The decisions include the number and type of vessels deployed the assignment of vessels to contractual and spot voyages and the determination of vessel routes and schedules in order to maximize the profit. A tabu search algorithm with a candidate list and a pool of elite and diverse solutions is proposed in order to solve a set of benchmark instances of the problem. The results obtained by tabu search are compared to optimal and suboptimal solutions yielded by the CPLEX solver to the mixed integer programming formulation of the problem / Doutorado / Automação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica

Orientador: Eduardo Candido Xavier / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T00:15:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silveira_JeffersonLuizMoisesda_D.pdf: 2236708 bytes, checksum: 8e569408c2f068347058e36031689c3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Neste trabalho estamos interessados em problemas de empacotamento e roteamento. Assumindo a hipótese de que P ? NP, sabemos que não existem algoritmos eficientes para resolver tais problemas. Além de algoritmos exatos, duas das abordagens para resolver tais problemas são Algoritmos Aproximados e Heurísticas. Nesta tese mostramos algoritmos baseados nestas três abordagens para ambos os problemas, de empacotamento e roteamento. Os dois primeiros problemas atacados foram generalizações de problemas clássicos de empacotamento: O problema da mochila bidimensional e o problema de empacotamento em faixas. Estes foram generalizados adicionando restrições na forma de carregamento e descarregamento dos itens no recipiente (restrições estas, que aparecem no contexto de problemas de roteamento). O terceiro problema é uma combinação de problemas de empacotamento e roteamento. Neste caso, atacamos uma generalização do clássico Pickup and Delivery Problem. Propomos os primeiros resultados de aproximação para algumas versões dos problemas de empacotamento supracitados. Além disto, apresentamos algumas abordagens práticas para o terceiro problema. As heurísticas foram avaliadas através de experimentos computacionais comparando os seus resultados com algoritmos exatos / Abstract: In this work we are interested in packing and routing problems. Assuming P ? NP, we have that there are no efficient algorithms to deal with such problems. Besides exact algorithms, two approaches to solve such problems are Approximation Algorithms and Heuristics. In this thesis we show algorithms using these three approaches for both packing and routing problems. The first two addressed problems are generalizations of classical packing problems: The Two Dimensional Knapsack problem and the Strip Packing problem. These problems were generalized by adding constraints on the way the items can be inserted/removed into/from the bin (These constraints appear in the context of routing problems). The third problem is combination of packing and routing problems. It is a generalization of the classical Pickup and Delivery problem. We propose the first approximation results for some packing problems. Besides that, we present some practical algorithms for the third problem. The heuristics were assessed through computational experiments by comparing their results with exact algorithms / Doutorado / Ciência da Computação / Doutor em Ciência da Computação

Orientador: Pedro Jussieu de Rezende, Cid Carvalho de Souza / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T04:48:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kunigami_Guilherme_M.pdf: 3383647 bytes, checksum: 88687783446ea3564995daf2b1ecfd79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação, realizamos um estudo extensivo de uma classe de problemas envolvendo mapas de símbolos proporcionais, através de programação linear inteira. Mapas de símbolos proporcionais são uma ferramenta cartográfica para a representação de eventos associados 'a intensidade e localização geográfica. Exemplos clássicos desses tipos de mapas são ocorrências de terremotos e populações de cidades. Devido 'a proximidade e ao tamanho dos símbolos, podem haver sobreposições entre eles. Na ocorrência dessas sobreposições, a decisão sobre quais símbolos ficarão por cima de outros, pode afetar a visibilidade dos símbolos em um desenho. Os problemas envolvendo mapas de símbolos proporcionais dos quais tratamos são restritos ao uso de círculos opacos como símbolos e consistem em decidir a ordem em que estes serão dispostos em vista das sobreposições, de forma a maximizar métricas associadas à qualidade visual desses mapas. Tratam-se, portanto, de problemas de otimização combinatória. Em nosso trabalho, apresentamos modelos de programação linear inteira para resolução de dois desses problemas, um deles foi provado pertencer à classe NP-difícil e o outro tem complexidade ainda não conhecida. Obtivemos resultados teóricos de combinatória poliédrica acerca dos modelos, o que resultou em diversas desigualdades definidoras de facetas que foram incorporadas aos modelos. Desenvolvemos ainda técnicas de pré-processamento que decompuseram as instâncias de entrada em um grande número de componentes de menor tamanho. Essas técnicas permitiram resolver de maneira ótima, pela primeira vez, diversas instâncias criadas a partir de dados reais. Ademais, descrevemos um trabalho que aborda um desses problemas através de uma heurística GRASP, ao qual também contribuímos / Abstract: In this dissertation, we present an extensive study of a class of problems involving proportional symbol maps, through integer linear programming. Proportional symbol maps are a cartographic tool to represent events associated to specified values and geographical coordinates. Classic examples of these maps include representation of earthquakes and city populations. Due to the size and proximity of the symbols, there may be overlap among them. In such case, deciding which symbols will be placed above others may result in maps with different visibility information. The problems dealing with proportional symbol maps we address restrict symbols to be opaque disks and consist of deciding the order of their placement in view of overlaps, so as to maximize metrics related to the visual quality of such maps. Therefore, these amount essentially to combinatorial optimization problems. In our work, we designed integer linear programming models to solve two of these problems, one proven to be NP-hard and the other of complexity yet unknown. We obtained theoretical results concerning these models, through polyhedral combinatorics, which allowed us to include several facet defining inequalities into these models. We also developed preprocessing techniques that successfully broke down the input instances into a large number of smaller components. These techniques lead, for the first time, to optimal solutions of several test instances created from real-world data. Furthermore, we describe work on a heuristic approach to one of these problems using GRASP, to which we also contributed / Mestrado / Ciência da Computação / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a group of spatially dispersed sensors that monitor the physical conditions of the environment and collect data at a central location. Sensor deployment is one of the main design aspects of WSNs as this a ffects network coverage. In general, WSN deployment methods fall into two categories: planned deployment and random deployment. This thesis considers planned sensor deployment of a Mobile Wireless Sensor Network (MWSN), which is defined as selectively deciding the locations of the mobile sensors under the given constraints to optimize the coverage of the network. Metaheuristic algorithms are powerful tools for the modeling and optimization of problems. The Krill Herd Algorithm (KHA) is a new nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm which can be used to solve the sensor deployment problem. A Multi-Agent System (MAS) is a system that contains multiple interacting agents. These agents are autonomous entities that interact with their environment and direct their activity towards achieving speci c goals. Agents can also learn or use their knowledge to accomplish a mission. Multi-agent systems can solve problems that are very difficult or even impossible for monolithic systems to solve. In this work, a modification of KHA is proposed which incorporates MAS to obtain a Multi-Agent Krill Herd Algorithm (MA-KHA). To test the performance of the proposed method, five benchmark global optimization problems are used. Numerical results are presented which show that MA-KHA performs better than the KHA by finding better solutions. The proposed MA-KHA is also employed to solve the sensor deployment problem. Simulation results are presented which indicate that the agent-agent interactions in MA-KHA improves the WSN coverage in comparison with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), the Firefly Algorithm (FA), and the KHA. / Graduate

Dans la collaboration entre transporteurs, plusieurs transporteurs forment une alliance pour échanger leurs demandes de transport dans le but d'améliorer la rentabilité. Dans cette thèse, nous avons étudié la planification collaborative de transport entre transporteurs de charges partielles. Plus concrètement, nous avons étudié trois sous-problèmes soulevés dans cette planification collaborative: le problème de ramassage et de livraison avec fenêtres de temps, profits et demandes réservées, le problème de détermination de gagnants dans l'échange combinatoire, et le problème de génération d'enchère.Ces trois sous-problèmes sont les problèmes clés pour la planification collaborative de transport parmi des transporteurs, et ils sont peu étudiés dans la littérature. Nous avons établi les nouveaux modèles de programmation mathématique pour ces problèmes et développé des heuristiques efficaces pour trouver des solutions très proches de leurs optimums dans un temps de calcul raisonnable. Les heuristiques proposées sont plus performantes que les solveurs commerciaux (GUROBI, CPLEX) non seulement en termes de la qualité de solution, mais aussi en termes du temps de calcul. / In carrier collaboration, multiple carriers form an alliance to exchange their delivery requests for the purpose of improving profitability. In this thesis, we have studied the collaborative transportation planning (CTP) among less-than-truckload (LTL) carriers. More concretely, we have studied three sub-problems raised in this collaborative planning: the pickup and delivery problem with time windows, profits, and reserved requests (PDPTWPR), the winner determination problem (WDP) in carrier collaboration via combinatorial exchange (CE), and the bid generation problem (BGP).These sub-problems are the key issues for collaborative transportation planning among carriers, and they are rarely studied in the literature. We have established new mathematical programming models for these problems and developed efficient heuristics to find solutions close to their optimums in a reasonable computational time. The heuristics proposed are more efficient than commercial solvers (GUROBI, CPLEX) not only in terms of solution quality, but also in terms of computation time.

Orientador: Daniela Renata Cantane / Resumo: Este trabalho utiliza um modelo epidemiológico para analisar o comportamento de crises bancárias que possuem origem em um determinado país e são propagadas para outros países atingindo proporções mundiais. O modelo matemático epidemiológico Suscetíveis, Infectados e Recuperados (SIR) empregado permite simular a dinâmica da crise separando os países em três estados: suscetíveis, infectados e recuperados, em cada instante de tempo, além de prever a extensão da crise. Os parâmetros do modelo são obtidos da literatura para cada país envolvido e a crise segue uma dinâmica diferente dependendo do país de origem. Uma breve descrição da importância dos bancos em nível macroeconônico e suas funções básicas são apresentadas. Também são apresentadas algumas definições desta crise, denominada crise sistêmica, bem como os canais de transmissão de como um banco com problemas financeiros, denominado infectado, transmite esta condição para outro. Considerada a possibilidade de uma crise sistêmica, o Banco Central deve intervir nos bancos com problemas. Esta tarefa pode ser modelada como um problema de controle ótimo inserindo uma variável de controle no modelo SIR, que representa a intervenção do Banco Central, e uma função objetivo, em que o custo dessa intervenção deve ser minimizado. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar um modelo de otimização aplicado ao risco bancário e propor o método heurístico \textit{Variable Neighbourhood Search} (VNS) para resolução do problema de controle ótimo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work uses an epidemiological model to analyze the behavior of bank crises that originate in a given country and are propagated to other countries reaching worldwide proportions. The epidemiological mathematical model Susceptible, Infected and Recovered (SIR) used allows to simulate the dynamics of the crisis separating the countries in three states: susceptible, infected and recovered, in each instant of time, in addition to predicting the extent of the crisis. The model parameters are obtained from the literature for each country involved and the crisis follows a different dynamic depending on the country of origin. A brief description of the importance of banks at the macroeconomic level and their basic functions is presented. Some definitions of this crisis, called systemic crisis, are also presented, as well as the transmission channels of how a bank with financial problems, called infected, transmits this condition to another. Considering the possibility of a systemic crisis, the Central Bank must intervene in troubled banks. This task can be xiv modeled as an optimal control problem by inserting a control variable in the SIR model, which represents Central Bank intervention, and an objective function involving the cost of this intervention and must be minimized. The objective of this work is to investigate an optimization model applied to banking risk and propose the Variable Neighborhood Search (VNS) heuristic method to solve the proposed optimal control problem. ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à l'étude et à la résolution de problèmes d'optimisation dans le domaine du transport. La première problématique concerne le problème d'élaboration de tournées avec gestion des stocks, et nous considérons dans une seconde partie le problème du voyageur de commerce avec tirant d'eau. Nous avons développé des approches basées sur la recherche à voisinage variable pour résoudre ces problèmes NP-Difficiles, en proposant différentes structures de voisinages et schémas de résolution efficaces. L'évaluation globale des approches proposées sur des instances de la littérature montre leur efficacité. En particulier, nos algorithmes ont amélioré les résultats obtenus par les meilleures approches existantes pour ces deux problèmes. / This thesis deals with the study of optimization problems in the transportation domain. We first address the inventory routing problem and we consider the traveling salesman problem with draft limits in a second part. In both cases we have developed methods based on the variable neighborhood search to solve these NP-hard problems. We have proposed several efficient neighborhood structures and solving frameworks. The global evaluation of the proposed approach on sets of benchmarks available in the litterature shows a remarkable efficency and effectiveness. In particular, our algorithms have improved the results obtained by the current best approaches for these two problems.

L’inférence du modèle de préférence à partir des jugements préférentiels fournis par le décideur, Élicitation des Préférences (EP), est fondamentale au sein de l’Aide Multicritère à la Décision (AMCD), car l’élaboration des recommandations à la fois plausibles, constructives et convaincantes requiert que l’analyste construise un modèle de préférence qui rende compte fidèlement du jugement du décideur. Cependant, l’EP est une mission délicate, parce qu’il s’agit d’attribuer des valeurs aux paramètres du modèle de préférence choisi. Dans ce cadre, plusieurs aspects sont étudiés. Puisque les modèles de préférence étant de plus en plus complexes, on fait alors appel à des algorithmes sophistiqués, et il faut d’autant plus tenir compte de l’aspect computationnel.Ce travail de thèse vise à concevoir des algorithmes afin d’inférer du modèle de préférence à partir des comparaisons par paire (possiblement incohérentes), et de considérer des données de (relativement) grande taille. En particulier, nous nous sommes intéressés à un modèle de rangement multicritère récemment proposé et faisant appel à un certain nombre de points de référence. Ce modèle fait référence à la méthode intitulée “Ranking with Multiple Profiles” (RMP). Plus précisément, nous considérons une version particulière, dite S-RMP. Nos contributions sont divisées en trois parties. Du point de vue théorique, nous nous adressons sur (1) l’interprètabilité des points de référence et (2) la discriminabilité du modèle S-RMP. En termes d’algorithmes, nous présentons, d’abord, (3) un nouveau programme linéaire pour inférer du modèle S-RMP en tenant compte les incohérences et (4) une version robuste améliorée; en outre, (5) une métaheuristique qui procède avec des données massives. (6) Nous menons alors les analyses numériques. (7) Le développement de deux services web est également inclus. En termes d’application, (8) nous présentons une étude de cas. / The inference of preference model from holistic statements provided by the decision maker (DM), namely, Preference Elicitation (PE), is fundamental to Multi-Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA). In order to conduct plausible, constructive and convincing recommendations, the decision analyst should always take the DM’s preference system into account. However, PE might be tricky, as it involves setting appropriately a series of parameter values of the considered model. Various aspects should be considered. Since the preference models are becoming more and more complicated, PE usually relies on sophisticated algorithms, whereas this brings additionally the computational aspect into consideration.This PhD thesis aims at developing new elicitation algorithms dealing with (possibly inconsistent) pairwise comparisons and processing with (relatively) large input datasets. In particular, a recently introduced multi-criteria ranking method making use of a certain number of reference points is considered. It is known as RMP method as abbreviated for Ranking with Multiple reference Points. More specifically, we are interested in one of its Simplified version, namely S-RMP method. Our contributions are divided into three parts. From the theoretical perspective, we are concerned about (1) the interpretation of reference points in such models and (2) the discriminability of S-RMP model. From the algorithmic perspective, we propose firstly (3) a new linear programming formulation for eliciting S-RMP models from inconsistent pairwise comparisons and also (4) an improved robust elicitation algorithm; besides, (5) a metaheuristic for learning S-RMP models from massive data. (6) Numerical analyses are then performed. (7) The development of two web services is also included. From the practical perspective, (8) we present a realistic case study.

This thesis deals with stochastic location routing problem. Multiple stochas- tic and deterministic models are formulated and it is discussed that it is difficult to solve these problems via exact integer programming methods. It is necessary to develop heuristic methods to find a solution of these problems. Multiple ver- sions of these problems are formulated and their properties and possibilities how to solve them are discussed. Therefore, the brand new Blockchain metaheuristic is developed and later used for solving stochastic location routing problem ap- plied on a waste collection problem. As a part of Blockchain metaheuristic we develop the new application of Greedy algorihtm that is used for finding initial solution. The quality of the heuristic algorithm developed by us is presented in a numerical study. 1