Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-178).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-212).

Craft education has been regarded as an important instrument in the efforts to achieve equality which, ever since the end of World War II, have permeated the reforms of Swedish education. In spite of all efforts to the contrary, class- and sex-typed educational programmes are still reconstructed within the reformed education. This study examines the role of craft teacher training in the social and cultural reproduction. Socialization into a profession is a continuous process throughout a person's life. The time spent in craft teacher training is regarded as a meeting between future craft teachers in the light of their life stories and the school subject craft as it is transmitted by teacher trainers. Thus, the data collection includes information on both the future teachers and on the school subject craft. Two groups, one of females and one of males (including one woman), were followed through their teacher training with the help of questionnaires, essays and evaluation documents written by the future teachers. The school subject craft was studied through classroom observations and through taped interviews with teacher trainers. Although these trainee teachers, as fully qualified craft teachers, will have to co­operate within the same subject, and although they will have the same qualifications and equal pay, these educations have different admission rules. Textile craft teachers also have a longer education than wood&metalwork teachers. Besides belonging to different sexes, these two groups turned out to be very different in other respects as well. The future female craft teachers in this study have a middle-class background with well- educated mothers and they also have positive experiences of school. In their future occupation they wish to develop the art of textile craft. The future male craft teachers in this study have a working-class background where studies were something out of the ordinary and they also have negative experiences of school. In their future occupation they want to work together with children within a practical subject. The gender and class patterns developed during the trainee teachers' childhood and adolescence are reinforced by these teacher trainings. Moreover, the trainee teachers seem to reconstruct these patterns in their teaching styles in their future occupations. Both groups want to transmit "preparedness for everyday life" and "creative ability" to the pupils. However, deeper analyses reveal that this agreement is only illusory. The females expect the pupils to be moulded into docile, economical and quality-conscious persons. The males expect the pupils to be moulded into active, ingenious and dexterous persons. Both groups agree that it is easier for girls to become docile, careful and aware of the teacher's demands and that it is easier for boys to become active and ingenious in compulsory school. The gender symbolism -the passive woman and the active man - is reconstructed. Besides uncovering the complex reconstruction of the gender system at the sym­bolic, structural and individual level, this study also illuminates the reconstruction of the asymmetric relations between theoretical and practical activities within craft teacher training. The study ends with a discussion of how teacher training can contribute to the work for equality by educating the trainee teachers to act as spearheads for an equal society. / digitalisering@umu

[pt] Esta dissertação trata da análise e projeto de um sistema de planejamento e controle da produção para uma linha de fabricação de raios e niples para motocicletas, visando garantir um nível de atendimento desejado, melhor utilização das instalações, com baixo investimento em estoques. Utilizou-se uma metodologia investigativa para se conhecer os seis principais elementos que influenciam o projeto de um sistema de planejamento e controle da produção: o produto; o processo e as instalações; a demanda; o mercado; a estratégia competitiva e o desempenho do sistema atual. Identificou- se nesta análise que dois problemas principais causam o baixo desempenho do sistema atual de planejamento e controle da produção, são eles: (a) o dimensionamento dos lotes de fabricação e (b) a sincronia entre as etapas produtivas. Para resolver o primeiro problema, a dificuldade para determinar o custo de preparação foi contornada determinando-se tamanhos de lotes tais que, estando nas proporções ótimas, resultem num investimento total em estoque de ciclo igual a uma meta determinada por considerações gerenciais. Para o problema de sincronia entre as etapas produtivas propôs-se a utilização dos conceitos do MRP II e um planejamento agregado que garanta a viabilidade do plano de materiais e serviços necessários para a produção. Foi também sugerido um controle JIT para os produtos de demanda mais substancial e estável. / [en] This thesis addresses the analysis and design of a production planning and scheduling system for motorcycle-spokes and nipples production lines, with the objective of ensuring a desired customer service level, coupled with high utilization of the facilities and low investment in stocks. The investigative methodology used took into account the six key elements that influence the project of a production planning and scheduling system, namely: the product, the manufacturing facilities, the sales, the market, the competitive strategy and the actual system performance. The analysis identified two main problems that caused the low performance of the current production planning and scheduling system, they are: (a) the production lot size and (b) the synchronism among the manufacturing stages. In solving the first problem, the difficult determination of setup cost was circumvented by setting lot sizes such that they are in optimal proportions and the resulting total investment in cycle stock equals a goal set through managerial considerations. For the synchronization among manufacturing stages, it was suggested to use MRP II concepts, and an aggregate production planning to assure the materials and services required for production. It was also suggested the use of JIT for controlling products with more substantial and stable demand.

Islamic ritual bowls are one of the most overlooked phenomena of Islamic metalwork. Their design is comprised of a mixture of textual, geometric and mystical patterns and symbols. The main goal of this thesis is to examine, describe and interpret these elements to the highest extent possible. This work is based on the collection of National Museum - Náprstek Museum of Asian, African and American Cultures that is the owner of a collection of fourteen bowls whose origin is ranging from 13th to 20th century. Thirteen of them are being examined in this thesis.

Three-dimensional (3D) laser scanners are becoming increasingly more affordable and user-friendly, making 3D-modeling tools more widely available to researchers in various countries and disciplines. In archaeology, 3D-modeling has the particular advantages of facilitating the documentation and analysis of objects that are fragile, rare, and often difficult to access. We have previously shown that 3D-modeling is a highly useful tool for shape analysis of archaeological bone material, due to the high measurement accuracy inherent in the latest generation of 3D laser scanners (Sholts et al. 2010; 2011). In this work, we explore the utility of 3D-modeling as a tool for Viking Age artefact analysis. To test the usefulness of 3D-modeling when analyzing artefacts with a very complex morphology, we chose highly ornate Viking Age baroque shaped brooches as study objects. These baroque shaped brooches constitute a group of dress ornaments mainly encountered in eastern Viking Age Scandinavia. Due to their large cast and/or attached bosses they obtain an almost baroque appearance, hence their name (cf. Jansson 1984: p. 81). They appear in two major versions, i.e. circular or equal armed, and in two kinds of material, i.e. silver- and copper-based alloys. Because of the position of bronze brooches in burial contexts, it appears they were used to fasten the cape or shawl in the female dress (cf. Jansson 1984: p. 75ff., Aagård 1984: p. 96ff.; Neiß 2006, figs. 3, 4; Capelle 1962: p. 106). For the present work a recently excavated brooch from Denmark was analyzed, together with three Russian brooches with nearly iconic status in the field of Viking Age studies. In the three case studies, we investigated possible uses of 3D-modeling for artefact analysis, artefact reconstruction, and tool mark and motif analysis. Exploring the usefulness of 3D-modeling for these purposes allowed us to draw conclusions regarding how 3D-analysis can be best incorporated into future artefact analysis. In addition, the case studies allowed us to gain new insights about the baroque shaped brooches and their uses. / <p>Forskningsfinansiärer: Helge Ax:son Johnsons stiftelse, Svenska institutet (Visby-programmet), Kungliga vitterhets historie och antikvitets akademin (Montelius minnesfond); Svenska fornminnesforeningen</p> / 3D-laserskanning som verktyg vid vikingatidsstudier

Les États latins d’Orient ont vu la création d’une société en Terre sainte développant un art syncrétique au carrefour des mondes latin, byzantin et arabe. Outre l’architecture religieuse et militaire, les manuscrits sont également les témoignages d’une culture levantine aux multiples influences. L’étude des œuvres croisées nous a montré une très nette augmentation de la production de manuscrits après le séjour de Louis IX au Proche Orient, ainsi qu’un changement dans la nature même des textes copiés. Les manuscrits liturgiques sont ainsi délaissés au profit de la littérature historique, telle l’Histoire Ancienne jusqu’à César. À partir d’un texte venu de Flandre, les nobles francs de Terre sainte et les enlumineurs à leur service ont recréé un cycle de miniatures pour inscrire leurs images dans la tradition multiculturelle croisée. Des partis-pris artistiques ont ainsi été mis au jour et définis comme des choix conscients visant à personnaliser les copies levantines et les inscrire dans une tradition de près de deux siècles : l’emprunt à différentes traditions artistiques, occidentales et orientales, pour la création des miniatures, la mise en lumière de héros liés à la Terre sainte ou aux Francs, et parfois la figuration de leur environnement oriental. Ces processus de personnalisation des images, replacés dans le contexte de la vie culturelle de Saint Jean d’Acre de la fin du XIIIe siècle, nous amènent à dépasser la constatation de phénomènes d’acculturation à leur milieu oriental pour évoquer, de la part des nobles francs de Terre sainte, une volonté d’affirmer visiblement leur identité sociale collective et leur double culture, entre Orient et Occident. / The Crusader States have created a society in the Holy Land developing a syncretic art at the crossroads of Latin, Byzantine and Arabic worlds. In addition to religious and military architecture, manuscripts are also evidences of a cosmopolitan Levantine culture. The study of Crusader Art has shown that the painting of manuscripts was revived at Acre in the early 1250’s, after Louis XI’s stay in the Middle East. Secular manuscripts written mostly in Old French became popular, as well as new historical literature. The most popular examples were the Histoire d’Outremer by William of Tyre and the Histoire Ancienne jusqu’à César. This illustrated text was first composed in France for Roger de Lille and brought to the Crusader East in the mid-thirteenth century. Frankish aristocracy and crusader illuminators have created a cycle of miniatures in order to integrate their images in the cosmopolitan Crusader Art. Artistic choices have then come to light and been defined as conscious choices to offer works that represent the best of the Frankish culture of Acre and integrate them in an almost two centuries old artistic tradition : the borrowing from Western and Oriental artistic traditions in order to create their miniatures, the revelation of heroes linked to the Holy Land and the Franks, and sometimes the representation of their Oriental environment. This process of personalization and multicultural content, set within the context of the cultural society of Saint Jean d’Acre at the end of the thirteenth century, are the evidences of the remarkable artistic acculturation of Frankish society in the Holy Land, at the crossroads of the West and the Near East.