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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Characterization of the Bone Loss and Recovery Response at the Distal Femur Metaphysis of the Adult Male Hindlimb Unloaded Rat

Davis, Joshua Morgan 2011 December 1900 (has links)
Extended periods of mechanical unloading are known to be detrimental to bone health. Astronauts who spend months in microgravity aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are at particular risk. It is anticipated that NASA will not drastically increase the size of the astronaut corps, and this will mean increased likelihood of repeat missions for more astronauts. Thus, it is important to better understand the effects that prolonged, multiple bouts of unloading have on bone. This study utilized the hindlimb unloaded (HU) rat model to examine bone loss and recovery for single and double unloading bouts. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 months old) were randomized into the following groups: baseline (sacrificed at 6 months), 1HU7 (unloaded for 1 month, weight-bearing recovery for 3 months), 2HU10 (unloaded for 1 month, recovered for 2 months, unloaded for another month, and then recovered 2 months), 1HU10 (normal cage activity until 1 month HU ending at month 10, 2 month recovery followed), and aging controls (remained ambulatory throughout experiment). Every month (28 days), animals were terminated and the left femurs were excised, resulting in n=15 per group for each time point. Mineral and geometric properties were measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the distal femur metaphysis, and quasi-static reduced platen compression (RPC) was used to estimate the mechanical properties of cancellous bone. Strength indices based on pQCT parameters were calculated as predictors of mechanical properties. Bone mass properties decreased due to HU and recovered within 2-3 months post-HU. A combination of increased periosteal apposition and endocortical resorption also occurred during HU. The initial HU bout suppressed normal age-related increases in mechanical properties and recovered within 1-2 months. Cancellous compressive strength index (CSI) most closely matched changes in mechanical properties. A second HU bout after two months recovery had a less detrimental effect on pQCT parameters but a greater negative impact on mechanical properties, when compared to pre-HU values. The opposite is true for mechanical properties if loss is characterized relative to aging controls. Recovery after the second HU period did not appear to be significantly affected by a previous bout of HU.
2

Vergleichende Analyse der Effektivität von horizontaler und vertikaler Ganzkörpervibration auf die osteoporotische Tibiafrakturheilung im Rattentiermodell / Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of horizontal and vertical whole body vibration on the osteoporotic tibia fracture healing in the rat model

Bösch, Malte 21 December 2016 (has links)
Osteoporose ist eine Krankheit, die weltweit Millionen Menschen betrifft und in Anbetracht der überalternden Gesellschaft in Zukunft weiter an Relevanz gewinnen wird. Dass sich eine Ganzkörpervibration vorteilhaft auf Osteoporose auswirken kann, wurde schon in vorausgegangenen Studien belegt (Rubin et al. 2001b; Flieger et al. 1998; Oxlund et al. 2003; Sehmisch et al. 2009; Stuermer et al. 2010a; Stuermer et al. 2010b). Jedoch konnte bisher keine Klarheit über die optimale Anwendung (Dauer, Häufigkeit, Frequenz, Ausrichtung, Amplitude) gewonnen werden. Die bisherigen Versuche unterschieden sich lediglich in den verwendeten Frequenzen und der Therapiedauer.  Um die unterschiedlichen Einflüsse von vertikaler und horizontaler Vibration auf die osteoporotische Frakturheilung zu untersuchen, wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit ein Tierversuch mit 90 weiblichen Ratten durchgeführt. 15 wurden scheinoperiert und 75 wurden ovarektomiert. Innerhalb einer Latenzzeit von 8 Wochen entwickelten die ovarektomierten Versuchstiere eine Osteoporose. Im Folgenden wurden alle Tiere an der Tibiametaphyse standardisiert osteotomiert und mittels Plattenosteosynthese versorgt. Es wurden sechs Versuchsgruppen gebildet: Vier Gruppen wurden einer horizontalen bzw. vertikalen Ganzkörpervibration mit 35 Hz oder 70 Hz ausgesetzt (35Hz vert, 70Hz vert, 35Hz horiz und 70Hz horiz). Die übrigen zwei Gruppen erhielten keine Ganzkörpervibration, wobei eine Gruppe aus nicht ovarektomierten (SHAM) und die andere Gruppe aus Tieren nach Ovarektomie bestand (OVX). Die Ganzkörpervibration wurde zweimal täglich über einen Zeitraum von vier Wochen mit einer Amplitude von 0,5 mm durchgeführt. Nach Beendigung dieses Zeitraumes wurden die Tiere per Dekapitation getötet und die Tibiae entnommen. Anschließend wurden ein biomechanischer Test, eine μCT-Untersuchung, eine mikroradiographische Untersuchung sowie eine polychrome Sequenzmarkierung durchgeführt. Die ersten beiden Untersuchungen konnten am präparierten Knochen vorgenommen werden. Die letzteren erfolgten nach Einbettung der Knochen in Methylmetacrylat und der Anfertigung von ca. 120 µm dicken histologischen Schnitten. Der biomechanische Test zeigte keine signifikante Veränderung der Elastizität oder der Streckgrenze in allen Gruppen zueinander. Die biomechanischen Eigenschaften des Kallus konnten nur tendenziell bei den hohen Frequenzen von 70 Hz vertikal und 70 Hz horizontal verbessert werden. In der μCT-Untersuchung konnte weder durch horizontale noch durch vertikale Ganzkörpervibration ein signifikanter positiver Einfluss auf die Frakturheilung im Vergleich zur osteoporotischen Kontrollgruppe nachgewiesen werden. Es zeigten sich jedoch positive Tendenzen durch die horizontale Vibration bei 70 Hz. Die mikroradiographische Untersuchung ergab einen positiven Einfluss der vertikalen und der horizontalen WBV bei 70 Hz. Die horizontale Vibration bei 70 Hz konnte im Vergleich zur osteoporotischen Kontrollgruppe die Kortikalisdicke distal ventral, den Knochendurchmesser proximal, die Kallusdicke ventral, die Knochendichte des ventralen und die des endostalen Kallus verbessern.  In der polychromen Sequenzmarkierung konnte insgesamt durch die WBV eine Verschlechterung der frühen und eine Verbesserung der mittleren und späten osteoporotischen Frakturheilung gezeigt werden. In der frühen Phase wirkten sich ventral sowie endostal alle Frequenzen nachteilig aus. In der mittleren Phase war die horizontale Vibration bei 70 Hz in Bezug auf die dorsale Kallusfläche signifikant vorteilhaft gegenüber der osteoporotischen Kontrollgruppe. In der späten Phase erreichte die Gruppe mit horizontaler 35 Hz-Therapie in Bezug auf die ventrale Kallusfläche gegenüber der osteoporotischen Gruppe und der Gruppe mit vertikaler 35 Hz-Therapie signifikante Steigerungen. Dorsal zeigten beide horizontalen Frequenzen signifikant größere Kallusflächen als die Gruppe mit vertikaler 35 Hz-Therapie.  In der Zusammenschau aller durchgeführten Untersuchungen dieser Arbeit kristallisierte sich die horizontale Ganzkörpervibration bei 70 Hz als die vorteilhafteste Frequenz heraus, um die osteoporotische Frakturheilung an der Tibiametaphyse positiv zu beeinflussen.
3

Wirkung der vertikalen Ganzkörpervibration auf den gesunden und auf den osteoporotischen Knochen der weiblichen Ratte – eine fpVCT-Analyse des ersten Lendenwirbelkörpers und der osteotomierten Tibia / Effect of vertical whole-body vibration to the intact and the osteoporotic bone of the female rat – a fpVCT analysis of the first lumbar vertebral body and the osteotomized tibia

Zimmer, Sebastian 15 May 2017 (has links)
No description available.
4

Einfluss der vertikalen Ganzkörpervibration verschiedener Frequenzen auf die Frakturheilung der osteoporotischen Ratte / The influence of frequency-related vertical whole-body vibration on fracture healing in the osteoporotic rat

Trautmann, Lukas Michael 18 November 2014 (has links)
Um experimentell zu klären, ob bestimmte Vibrationsfrequenzen zur osteoanabolen Stimulation des Knochens und speziell zur Verbesserung der Frakturheilung bei Osteoporose geeigneter sind als andere, wurde in dieser Arbeit die Frakturheilung an der proximalen Tibiametaphyse der ovarektomierten Ratte unter einer vertikalen Vibrationsbehandlung mit Frequenzen von 35, 50, 70 und 90 Hz vergleichend untersucht. Die Tiere wurden dafür nach Tibiaosteotomie und Plattenosteosynthese über 30 Tage für jeweils 15 Minuten der für ihre Gruppe spezifischen Vibrationsfrequenz ausgesetzt. Die Amplitude der Vibration betrug dabei stets 0,5 mm. Die quantitative Analyse des Frakturkallus mittels Mikroradiographie und Micro-CT ergab deutliche Anhaltspunkte für eine überlegene osteoanabole Potenz der 70Hz-Vibration in Gestalt einer gegenüber allen anderen Vibrationsgruppen signifikant erhöhten endostalen Kallusdichte sowie einer gegenüber der nichtvibrierten OVX-Gruppe signifikant erhöhten periostalen Kallusdichte und -dicke. Auch kortikaler und trabekulärer Knochen profitierten von der 70Hz-Vibration, was sich in der unter dieser Frequenz - zumindest hinsichtlich der Belastbarkeit - besten Kallusqualität widerspiegelte.  Die 35Hz-Vibration kann die Kallusbildung ebenfalls anregen und damit auch die biomechanischen Eigenschaften des Kallus (Steifheit) verbessern. Kallus und kortikaler Knochen werden durch 35 Hz aber schlechter stimuliert als durch alle anderen untersuchten Frequenzen. Die 50Hz-Vibration verbessert die biomechanischen Eigenschaften in ähnlicher Weise, sie stimuliert Kallus und Kortikalis dabei etwas besser als 35 Hz, aber deutlich schlechter als 70 Hz. Auch die 90Hz-Vibration hat einen stimulierenden Effekt auf Kallus, Kortikalis und trabekulären Knochen, insbesondere die Kallusstimulation ist aber wieder deutlich schlechter als unter der Frequenz von 70 Hz. Die 90Hz-Vibration hat zudem eine übermäßige Reizung des Kallus zur Folge, die sich in den schlechtesten biomechanischen Eigenschaften aller untersuchten Frequenzen manifestiert.  Als Synthese der mit den verschiedenen Untersuchungsverfahren dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Ergebnisse kann eine Überlegenheit der Vibrationsfrequenz von 70 Hz für die Stimulation der Frakturheilung bei Osteoporose festgestellt werden. Diese Ergebnisse am Rattentiermodell sollten - vor Beginn einer klinischen Studie - am Großtiermodell verifiziert werden.
5

Fixador esquelético externo híbrido em fraturas metafisárias de rádio e tíbia em cães

Reis, Kauê Danilo Helene Lemos dos January 2015 (has links)
As fraturas de ossos longos são frequentes na rotina de pequenos animais, geralmente decorrentes de injúrias de alto impacto, como quedas, acidentes automobilísticos e projéteis. Os fixadores esqueléticos externos são versáteis, podendo ser utilizados em diferentes montagens, como linear, circular, híbrida, unilateral, bilateral, uniplanar, multiplanar, sendo amplamente utilizado em fraturas de rádio e tíbia. O presente trabalho avaliou a utilização de fixador esquelético externo híbrido (FEEH) em fraturas metafisárias de rádio e tíbia em cães atendidos na rotina do Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul (HCV-UFRGS). Foram incluídos 13 animais neste estudo, cinco com fratura de tíbia e oito com fratura de rádio. Os FEEH, com anel inteiro ou semianel e uma barra, foram pré-montados de acordo com tamanho do animal e localização da fratura. Após redução, aberta ou fechada, foram inseridos os fios de Kirschner no fragmento curto, de maneira divergente, presos ao anel e três pinos de Shanz no fragmento longo fixados à barra por presilhas. Não houve intercorrências transoperatórias. Todos os casos atingiram a consolidação óssea. Os FEEH foram retirados entre cinco e 10 semanas de pós-operatório. As complicações encontradas foram tratos de drenagem (5), complicação resolvida reduzindo intervalo entre curativos, de semanal para diário, desvio angular (4), sendo dois com desvio valgo, um recurvatum e um tanto valgo quanto recurvatum quebra de fio (2), reação periosteal (2). Todos os animais apresentaram uso funcional do membro ao final do período de avaliação. O FEEH foi efetivo para o tratamento de fraturas metafisárias de rádio e tíbia na amostra estudada. / The presence of long bones fractured is often in pets’ routine, these fractures usually happen due to high impact injuries, as falling, automobile accidents and projectiles. The external skeletal fixators are versatile, then they can be used in different assemblies as linear, circle, hybrid, unilateral, bilateral, uniplanar and multiplanar, having wide requisition to radius and tibia. This paper evaluates the uses of hybrid external skeletal fixator (HESF) on metaphyseal fractures of radius and tibia in dogs that were rescued at Hospital of Veterinary Clinics at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS). Thirteen dogs were evaluated: five presenting tibial fractures and eight showing radius fractures. The HESF, with full ring or semiring and a sidebar, were pre-assembled in accordance with animal size and fracture site. After reduction, open or closed, the Kirschner wire were inserted in the short fragment, divergently, fixed to the ring and three Schanz pins in large fragment, fixed to the bar. There were not intraoperative complications. All cases reached the bone healing. The HESF were taken off between five and ten weeks postoperative. The noted complications were: drainage tract (4), complication resolved reducing interval between dressings, weekly to daily, angular detour (4), two valgus, one recurvatum and one valgus and recurvatum, wire breaking (2) and periosteal reaction. At the end of evaluation period, all animals presented functional use of the member. In this studied sample, HESF was effective on treatment of metaphyseal fractures of radius and tibia.
6

Fixador esquelético externo híbrido em fraturas metafisárias de rádio e tíbia em cães

Reis, Kauê Danilo Helene Lemos dos January 2015 (has links)
As fraturas de ossos longos são frequentes na rotina de pequenos animais, geralmente decorrentes de injúrias de alto impacto, como quedas, acidentes automobilísticos e projéteis. Os fixadores esqueléticos externos são versáteis, podendo ser utilizados em diferentes montagens, como linear, circular, híbrida, unilateral, bilateral, uniplanar, multiplanar, sendo amplamente utilizado em fraturas de rádio e tíbia. O presente trabalho avaliou a utilização de fixador esquelético externo híbrido (FEEH) em fraturas metafisárias de rádio e tíbia em cães atendidos na rotina do Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul (HCV-UFRGS). Foram incluídos 13 animais neste estudo, cinco com fratura de tíbia e oito com fratura de rádio. Os FEEH, com anel inteiro ou semianel e uma barra, foram pré-montados de acordo com tamanho do animal e localização da fratura. Após redução, aberta ou fechada, foram inseridos os fios de Kirschner no fragmento curto, de maneira divergente, presos ao anel e três pinos de Shanz no fragmento longo fixados à barra por presilhas. Não houve intercorrências transoperatórias. Todos os casos atingiram a consolidação óssea. Os FEEH foram retirados entre cinco e 10 semanas de pós-operatório. As complicações encontradas foram tratos de drenagem (5), complicação resolvida reduzindo intervalo entre curativos, de semanal para diário, desvio angular (4), sendo dois com desvio valgo, um recurvatum e um tanto valgo quanto recurvatum quebra de fio (2), reação periosteal (2). Todos os animais apresentaram uso funcional do membro ao final do período de avaliação. O FEEH foi efetivo para o tratamento de fraturas metafisárias de rádio e tíbia na amostra estudada. / The presence of long bones fractured is often in pets’ routine, these fractures usually happen due to high impact injuries, as falling, automobile accidents and projectiles. The external skeletal fixators are versatile, then they can be used in different assemblies as linear, circle, hybrid, unilateral, bilateral, uniplanar and multiplanar, having wide requisition to radius and tibia. This paper evaluates the uses of hybrid external skeletal fixator (HESF) on metaphyseal fractures of radius and tibia in dogs that were rescued at Hospital of Veterinary Clinics at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS). Thirteen dogs were evaluated: five presenting tibial fractures and eight showing radius fractures. The HESF, with full ring or semiring and a sidebar, were pre-assembled in accordance with animal size and fracture site. After reduction, open or closed, the Kirschner wire were inserted in the short fragment, divergently, fixed to the ring and three Schanz pins in large fragment, fixed to the bar. There were not intraoperative complications. All cases reached the bone healing. The HESF were taken off between five and ten weeks postoperative. The noted complications were: drainage tract (4), complication resolved reducing interval between dressings, weekly to daily, angular detour (4), two valgus, one recurvatum and one valgus and recurvatum, wire breaking (2) and periosteal reaction. At the end of evaluation period, all animals presented functional use of the member. In this studied sample, HESF was effective on treatment of metaphyseal fractures of radius and tibia.
7

Fixador esquelético externo híbrido em fraturas metafisárias de rádio e tíbia em cães

Reis, Kauê Danilo Helene Lemos dos January 2015 (has links)
As fraturas de ossos longos são frequentes na rotina de pequenos animais, geralmente decorrentes de injúrias de alto impacto, como quedas, acidentes automobilísticos e projéteis. Os fixadores esqueléticos externos são versáteis, podendo ser utilizados em diferentes montagens, como linear, circular, híbrida, unilateral, bilateral, uniplanar, multiplanar, sendo amplamente utilizado em fraturas de rádio e tíbia. O presente trabalho avaliou a utilização de fixador esquelético externo híbrido (FEEH) em fraturas metafisárias de rádio e tíbia em cães atendidos na rotina do Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul (HCV-UFRGS). Foram incluídos 13 animais neste estudo, cinco com fratura de tíbia e oito com fratura de rádio. Os FEEH, com anel inteiro ou semianel e uma barra, foram pré-montados de acordo com tamanho do animal e localização da fratura. Após redução, aberta ou fechada, foram inseridos os fios de Kirschner no fragmento curto, de maneira divergente, presos ao anel e três pinos de Shanz no fragmento longo fixados à barra por presilhas. Não houve intercorrências transoperatórias. Todos os casos atingiram a consolidação óssea. Os FEEH foram retirados entre cinco e 10 semanas de pós-operatório. As complicações encontradas foram tratos de drenagem (5), complicação resolvida reduzindo intervalo entre curativos, de semanal para diário, desvio angular (4), sendo dois com desvio valgo, um recurvatum e um tanto valgo quanto recurvatum quebra de fio (2), reação periosteal (2). Todos os animais apresentaram uso funcional do membro ao final do período de avaliação. O FEEH foi efetivo para o tratamento de fraturas metafisárias de rádio e tíbia na amostra estudada. / The presence of long bones fractured is often in pets’ routine, these fractures usually happen due to high impact injuries, as falling, automobile accidents and projectiles. The external skeletal fixators are versatile, then they can be used in different assemblies as linear, circle, hybrid, unilateral, bilateral, uniplanar and multiplanar, having wide requisition to radius and tibia. This paper evaluates the uses of hybrid external skeletal fixator (HESF) on metaphyseal fractures of radius and tibia in dogs that were rescued at Hospital of Veterinary Clinics at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (HCV-UFRGS). Thirteen dogs were evaluated: five presenting tibial fractures and eight showing radius fractures. The HESF, with full ring or semiring and a sidebar, were pre-assembled in accordance with animal size and fracture site. After reduction, open or closed, the Kirschner wire were inserted in the short fragment, divergently, fixed to the ring and three Schanz pins in large fragment, fixed to the bar. There were not intraoperative complications. All cases reached the bone healing. The HESF were taken off between five and ten weeks postoperative. The noted complications were: drainage tract (4), complication resolved reducing interval between dressings, weekly to daily, angular detour (4), two valgus, one recurvatum and one valgus and recurvatum, wire breaking (2) and periosteal reaction. At the end of evaluation period, all animals presented functional use of the member. In this studied sample, HESF was effective on treatment of metaphyseal fractures of radius and tibia.
8

Age and species related variation in the development of growth plates of the knee and implications for the locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis

Makarov, Sophie 03 1900 (has links)
Comprendre l'évolution de la bipédie est un élément essentiel à la recherche en paléoanthropologie, car ce comportement est le trait le plus important utilisé pour identifier les fossiles comme appartenant à la lignée des hominines. La topographie de la surface infradiaphysaire du fémur et du tibia pourrait donner un aperçu du comportement locomoteur des espèces fossiles, mais n'a pas été étudiée de façon approfondie. Ce trait reflète directement les différences dans la locomotion, puisque la surface change de topographie pour mieux résister aux charges encourues par les mouvements réguliers. Le plan infradiaphysaire du fémur chez les humain est relativement plat, tandis que la surface est plus irrégulière chez les grands singes. Dans ce projet, les métaphyses du genou ont été étudiées d’une manière quantifiée afin de percevoir les différences entre espèces et mieux comprendre le développement ontogénique de ces traits. Les angles formés par les protrusions et les creux de ces surfaces ont été mesurés à partir de points de repère enregistrés en trois-dimensions sur les métaphyses du genou chez les humains, chimpanzés, gorilles, et orangs-outans, et chez trois fossiles Australopithecus afarensis, afin d’observer de l’effet de facteurs tel le stade de croissance et l’appartenance à une espèce sur la topographie des plaques de croissance du genou. Les angles d’obliquité du fémur et du tibia ont aussi été mesurés et analysés. Les résultats ont révélé que le stade développemental et l’appartenance à une espèce et, par association, le mode de locomotion, ont un effet significatif sur les métaphyses du genou. Il a également été constaté que les mesures d'Australopithecus afarensis chevauchent les valeurs trouvées chez les humains et chez les grands singes, ce qui suggère que cette espèce avait possiblement conservé une composante arboricole dans son comportement locomoteur habituel. / Understanding the evolution of bipedality is a critical part of research in paleoanthropology, as it is the single-most important trait used to identify fossils as belonging to the hominin lineage. The topography of the infradiaphyseal plane could provide insight into the locomotor behaviour of fossil species, but has not been studied extensively. This trait directly reflects differences in locomotion, as the surface changes to resist loads incurred by regular movement. Humans have an infradiaphyseal plane that is relatively flat, while this feature is very convoluted in great apes. This project studied this feature in the femur and tibia quantifiably to allow for statistical comparisons between species and to provide a better understanding of its ontogenic development. Three-dimensional landmarks were recorded from the metaphyses of the knee in humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orang-utans, and three Australopithecus afarensis fossils. Using these landmarks, angles formed by the salient points of these planes were analyzed to confirm observations that development and species have a significant effect on the topography of growth plates of the knee. Carrying angles of the femur and tibia were also measured and analyzed. Results revealed that development and species, and by extension, mode of locomotion, have a significant effect on the overall metaphyses of the knee, especially on the sagittal plane. It was also found that A. afarensis have values that overlap human and great ape ranges, suggesting this species had probably retained an arboreal component in its regular locomotion.
9

Age and species related variation in the development of growth plates of the knee and implications for the locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis

Makarov, Sophie 03 1900 (has links)
Comprendre l'évolution de la bipédie est un élément essentiel à la recherche en paléoanthropologie, car ce comportement est le trait le plus important utilisé pour identifier les fossiles comme appartenant à la lignée des hominines. La topographie de la surface infradiaphysaire du fémur et du tibia pourrait donner un aperçu du comportement locomoteur des espèces fossiles, mais n'a pas été étudiée de façon approfondie. Ce trait reflète directement les différences dans la locomotion, puisque la surface change de topographie pour mieux résister aux charges encourues par les mouvements réguliers. Le plan infradiaphysaire du fémur chez les humain est relativement plat, tandis que la surface est plus irrégulière chez les grands singes. Dans ce projet, les métaphyses du genou ont été étudiées d’une manière quantifiée afin de percevoir les différences entre espèces et mieux comprendre le développement ontogénique de ces traits. Les angles formés par les protrusions et les creux de ces surfaces ont été mesurés à partir de points de repère enregistrés en trois-dimensions sur les métaphyses du genou chez les humains, chimpanzés, gorilles, et orangs-outans, et chez trois fossiles Australopithecus afarensis, afin d’observer de l’effet de facteurs tel le stade de croissance et l’appartenance à une espèce sur la topographie des plaques de croissance du genou. Les angles d’obliquité du fémur et du tibia ont aussi été mesurés et analysés. Les résultats ont révélé que le stade développemental et l’appartenance à une espèce et, par association, le mode de locomotion, ont un effet significatif sur les métaphyses du genou. Il a également été constaté que les mesures d'Australopithecus afarensis chevauchent les valeurs trouvées chez les humains et chez les grands singes, ce qui suggère que cette espèce avait possiblement conservé une composante arboricole dans son comportement locomoteur habituel. / Understanding the evolution of bipedality is a critical part of research in paleoanthropology, as it is the single-most important trait used to identify fossils as belonging to the hominin lineage. The topography of the infradiaphyseal plane could provide insight into the locomotor behaviour of fossil species, but has not been studied extensively. This trait directly reflects differences in locomotion, as the surface changes to resist loads incurred by regular movement. Humans have an infradiaphyseal plane that is relatively flat, while this feature is very convoluted in great apes. This project studied this feature in the femur and tibia quantifiably to allow for statistical comparisons between species and to provide a better understanding of its ontogenic development. Three-dimensional landmarks were recorded from the metaphyses of the knee in humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orang-utans, and three Australopithecus afarensis fossils. Using these landmarks, angles formed by the salient points of these planes were analyzed to confirm observations that development and species have a significant effect on the topography of growth plates of the knee. Carrying angles of the femur and tibia were also measured and analyzed. Results revealed that development and species, and by extension, mode of locomotion, have a significant effect on the overall metaphyses of the knee, especially on the sagittal plane. It was also found that A. afarensis have values that overlap human and great ape ranges, suggesting this species had probably retained an arboreal component in its regular locomotion.
10

Die therapeutischen Effekte von Estradiol, Dihydrotestosteron, Genistein und Equol auf den osteoporotischen Knochen der orchidektomierten männlichen Sprague-Dawley-Ratte / Therapeutic effects of estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, genistein and equol on osteoporotic bone of orchidectomized male Sprague Dawley rat

Vorwerk, Elena 08 December 2010 (has links)
No description available.

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