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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Leibniz: a metaphysic of substances

Bernier, Mark Christopher 16 August 2006 (has links)
For Leibniz, corporeal substance is the union of body and soul, and he dedicates much of his thought to understanding the mystery of this union. However, there is a divide among scholars over what he proposes as a solution. Many have judged that for Leibniz there are no bodies "out there" in a world independent of the mind. There is, in fact, no world outside of perceiving things and their appearances. This is taken to imply that corporeal substances are (at most) the logical relations underlying phenomena; they would not then be real substances. Another interpretation is that young Leibniz believes in corporeal substance, but mature Leibniz recognizes that their reality cannot be maintained. It is in his "later years" that he finally comes to embrace hard-core phenomenalist commitments, eschewing the material world as nothing but phantasmagoria. Leibniz has changed his mind, on this account, and corporeal substances are real only in his "middle years." I believe that these interpretations are incorrect, and I attempt to show two things. First, Leibniz holds to real corporeal substances (i.e., they are not merely logical grouping of monads). Establishing this involves scrutinizing the textual evidence, both for and against this position. Second, Leibniz has the resources to account for the true unity of corporeal substance. At the heart of Leibniz's metaphysics are the twin themes of unity and harmony, which permeate every facet of his thought. They are the keys to understanding what is real, and what is not. A true substance, for Leibniz, is that which has true unity, and I believe that the unity of a corporeal substance can be explained only through the harmony of its elements. In short, its harmony is its unity. A third ancillary point is that corporeal substances are at the heart of his metaphysical system. In the end I suggest a starting point for a "new system" of interpreting Leibniz's metaphysics.
2

Other states of being : Nabokov's two-world metaphysic

Grossmith, R. January 1987 (has links)
No description available.
3

O estabelecimento da Metafísica como ciência filosófica no Liber de Philosophia Prima sive Scientia Divina, de Avicena / The establishment of Metaphysic as philosophic science in Liber de Philosophia Prima sive Scientia Divina of Avicenne

Araujo, Daniel Alonso de 27 November 2015 (has links)
O objetivo da presente pesquisa consiste numa tradução e comentários dos três primeiros capítulos do primeiro tratado do Liber de Philosophia Prima sive Scientia Divina Livro referente à Primeira Filosofia ou Ciência Divina -, de Avicena, que trata do estabelecimento da Metafísica como ciência filosófica a partir da delimitação de seu objeto formal e de sua conveniente denominação. / The objective of this research entails translation and commentaries of three first chapters of first treaty of Liber de Philosophia Prima sive Scientia Divina Book on First Philosophy or Divine Science -, of Avicenne, which is about the establishment of Metaphysic as philosophic science from delimitation of its subject matter and its convenient denomination.
4

Bergson: a consciência criadora metafísica da ciência / Bergson: the creator conscience metaphysical of science

Sayegh, Astrid 19 February 2009 (has links)
A Filosofia do Espírito é a forma de autoconhecimento, na medida em que traça o percurso do princípio espiritual em seu processo de criação. O primeiro momento desse processo da Criação consiste na diferenciação da Unidade na multiplicidade de seres naturais. Desse modo constitui-se a fenomenologia da vida, cujo prolongamento, para Bergson, é a fenomenologia do espírito. Tal processo permite descrever a gênese do intelecto, de modo a fundamentar sua estrutura analítica e estabelecer uma crítica do conhecimento. O intelecto, dada a sua vocação pragmática, é que vai pautar os procedimentos racionais da ciência; porém, dada a sua concepção quantitativa do real aparente, não se presta ao conhecimento da metafísica. À inteligência cumpre, porém o papel inicial de procurar a presença imanente no mundo fenomênico, dando acesso, portanto ao espírito subjetivo de conhecer a substância espiritual em si mesma, em sua imediatez. Acompanhar o processo do desdobramento do Espírito em sua imediatez só é possível pela intuição, que permite uma identificação em essência com o processo gerador, de modo a constituir assim uma metafísica positiva, como pedra angular na edificação de uma Enciclopédia das Ciências ,assim como a possibilidade de cumprir com a finalidade interna, que é criar infinitamente. / The Philosophy of the Spirit is the form of self-knowledge, as it outlines the path of the spiritual principle in its process of creation. The first moment of this process of the Creation consists of the differentiation of the Unit in the multiplicity of natural beings. In this manner, phenomenology of the life is defined, whose prolongation, for Bergson, is the phenomenology of the spirit. Such process allows one to describe the genesis of the intellect, in order to base its analytical structure and to establish knowledge critics. The intellect, given its pragmatic vocation, is what will define the rational procedures of science; however, given its quantitative concept of the apparent real, it does not serve to metaphysical knowledge. Thus, intelligence triggers the initial search process for emanating presence in the phenomenon world, consequently giving access to the subjective spirit of knowing the spiritual substance in one self in its immediateness. To follow the process of development of the spirit in its immediateness is only possible by intuition, allowing identification, in essence, with the generator process, in a way to constitute a positive metaphysic, as a foundation pillar in a Science Encyclopedia, as well as the possibility to fulfill the internal objective, to create infinitely.
5

Bergson et Deleuze : deux métaphysiques de l'immanence au nom de la vie / Bergson and Deleuze : two metaphysics of the immanence in the name of the life

Lee, Arum 30 September 2017 (has links)
Notre thèse a pour but d’identifier une nouvelle conversion philosophique dans les pensées de Bergson et Deleuze que nous qualifierons de métaphysique de l’immanence au nom de la vie et d’élucider le changement radical de la signification de la vie d’après cette conversion. Cette nouvelle métaphysique s’appuie sur l’empirisme qui réexamine la condition réelle de l’ expérience et qui nous oriente vers la pensée ontologique. Cette dernière se développe comme ontogenèse selon laquelle l’Être porte en lui-même la puissance de produire une nouvelle forme de sorte qu’aucune détermination fixée ne préexiste extérieurement à la genèse de l’Être. La productivité de l’Être, à savoir, la source de la virtualité et la puissance de l’actualisation, sont la Vie. Cette conception de la vie renvoie au Tout-ouvert qui s’instaure comme totalité du monde sans transcendance, c’est-à-dire, plan d’immanence et comme unité vivante. Si les métaphysiques de Bergson et de Deleuze se distinguent, c’est par l’écart entre l’affirmation de l’intuition qui peut saisir la réalité en tant que genèse du monde et la revendication de la pensée en droit qui peut saisir la raison suffisante qui permet la genèse du monde. La métaphysique de l’immanence au nom de la vie nous permet de penser l’absolu en dépassant le relativisme kantien de la connaissance humaine et de renverser le platonisme à l’égard de la conception de l’Être. C’est la philosophie du ni Dieu, ni Homme, mais de la Vie. La philosophie de la vie nous permet d’échapper au plan philosophique de l’essence - l’apparence depuis le platonisme et à celui de la condition – l’apparition depuis le Kantisme. Une vie n’est alors ni apparence ni apparition. Dans le monde d’immanence où nous vivons et où tout communique, une vie renvoie à une expression d’une Vie en actualisant une virtualité qui est la puissance intrinsèque au monde. C’est ainsi qu’il s’agit d’une création du mode d’existence pour la métaphysique de l’immanence au nom de vie. / My thesis aims at identifying a new philosophical conversion in the thoughts of Bergson and Deleuze as metaphysic of immanence in the name of the life, and at elucidating the change of the signification for the life according to this conversion. This new metaphysics is based on the empiricism which re-examines the real condition of experience and steers us forward the ontological thought. It is developed as the ontogenesis according to which the Being retains in itself the potential to product the new form, so that any fixed determination does not pre-exist external to the genesis of the Being. The productivity of the Being, that is to say, the source of the potential and the power of the actualisation, it is the life. This concept of the life refers to the All-open which is founded as totality of the world without transcendence, in other words, plan of the immanence and living unity. If the metaphysics of Bergson and Deleuze are distinguished each other, it is because of the gap between intuition which can grasp the mobility of the reality as the genesis of the world and the logic of the thought which grasps the sufficient reason for the genesis of the world. The metaphysic of the immanence in the name of the life allow us to think the absolute, overcoming the Kantian relativism in terms of the human knowledge and reversing the Platonism with regard to the concept of the Being. It is the philosophy of neither God nor Human, but Life. The philosophy of Life escapes from two philosophical schemes of essence – appearance and condition – phenomenon. Therefore, a life is neither appearance nor phenomenon. In the world of immanence where we live and all the things communicate each other, a life means an expression of a Life actualizing the potentiality, that is, the intrinsic power to the world. That is the why the metaphysic of the immanence in the name of the life is concerned with the creation of the mode of existence.
6

Bergson: a consciência criadora metafísica da ciência / Bergson: the creator conscience metaphysical of science

Astrid Sayegh 19 February 2009 (has links)
A Filosofia do Espírito é a forma de autoconhecimento, na medida em que traça o percurso do princípio espiritual em seu processo de criação. O primeiro momento desse processo da Criação consiste na diferenciação da Unidade na multiplicidade de seres naturais. Desse modo constitui-se a fenomenologia da vida, cujo prolongamento, para Bergson, é a fenomenologia do espírito. Tal processo permite descrever a gênese do intelecto, de modo a fundamentar sua estrutura analítica e estabelecer uma crítica do conhecimento. O intelecto, dada a sua vocação pragmática, é que vai pautar os procedimentos racionais da ciência; porém, dada a sua concepção quantitativa do real aparente, não se presta ao conhecimento da metafísica. À inteligência cumpre, porém o papel inicial de procurar a presença imanente no mundo fenomênico, dando acesso, portanto ao espírito subjetivo de conhecer a substância espiritual em si mesma, em sua imediatez. Acompanhar o processo do desdobramento do Espírito em sua imediatez só é possível pela intuição, que permite uma identificação em essência com o processo gerador, de modo a constituir assim uma metafísica positiva, como pedra angular na edificação de uma Enciclopédia das Ciências ,assim como a possibilidade de cumprir com a finalidade interna, que é criar infinitamente. / The Philosophy of the Spirit is the form of self-knowledge, as it outlines the path of the spiritual principle in its process of creation. The first moment of this process of the Creation consists of the differentiation of the Unit in the multiplicity of natural beings. In this manner, phenomenology of the life is defined, whose prolongation, for Bergson, is the phenomenology of the spirit. Such process allows one to describe the genesis of the intellect, in order to base its analytical structure and to establish knowledge critics. The intellect, given its pragmatic vocation, is what will define the rational procedures of science; however, given its quantitative concept of the apparent real, it does not serve to metaphysical knowledge. Thus, intelligence triggers the initial search process for emanating presence in the phenomenon world, consequently giving access to the subjective spirit of knowing the spiritual substance in one self in its immediateness. To follow the process of development of the spirit in its immediateness is only possible by intuition, allowing identification, in essence, with the generator process, in a way to constitute a positive metaphysic, as a foundation pillar in a Science Encyclopedia, as well as the possibility to fulfill the internal objective, to create infinitely.
7

O estabelecimento da Metafísica como ciência filosófica no Liber de Philosophia Prima sive Scientia Divina, de Avicena / The establishment of Metaphysic as philosophic science in Liber de Philosophia Prima sive Scientia Divina of Avicenne

Daniel Alonso de Araujo 27 November 2015 (has links)
O objetivo da presente pesquisa consiste numa tradução e comentários dos três primeiros capítulos do primeiro tratado do Liber de Philosophia Prima sive Scientia Divina Livro referente à Primeira Filosofia ou Ciência Divina -, de Avicena, que trata do estabelecimento da Metafísica como ciência filosófica a partir da delimitação de seu objeto formal e de sua conveniente denominação. / The objective of this research entails translation and commentaries of three first chapters of first treaty of Liber de Philosophia Prima sive Scientia Divina Book on First Philosophy or Divine Science -, of Avicenne, which is about the establishment of Metaphysic as philosophic science from delimitation of its subject matter and its convenient denomination.
8

La preuve ontologique de l'existence de Dieu chez Descartes

Laperle, Erik 08 1900 (has links)
Ce projet de mémoire de maîtrise portera sur Descartes et la preuve dite "ontologique" de l'existence de Dieu. La présentation qui sera faite de cette preuve, de ses tenants et de ses aboutissants, tiendra compte: premièrement, du rôle et du statut de celle-ci dans l'ordre des raisons métaphysiques; deuxièmement, des relations entre la preuve "ontologique" et la preuve dite "par les effets"; et troisièmement, des différentes oeuvres de Descartes dans lesquelles il est question de l'argument ontologique. Ainsi, cette analyse permettra de noter les différences relatives qu'il pourrait y avoir chez Descartes quant au fond ou à la forme de cet argument. Nous évoquerons notamment la position différente qu'occupe cette preuve dans deux écrits, soient les Méditations métaphysiques (1641) et les Principes de la philosophie (1644). Ce genre d'analyse nous permettra de nous pencher sur le débat initié par Martial Guéroult et Henri Gouhier concernant la place de la preuve "ontologique" de l'existence de Dieu au sein de l'ordre des raisons métaphysiques ainsi que ses relations avec la preuve "par les effets". La postérité de ce débat sera également considérée. Aussi, nous serons à même de poser la question à savoir s'il y a une évolution de la preuve "ontologique" de l'existence de Dieu au fil des oeuvres dans la pensée de Descartes. En résumé, dans ce mémoire, nous aborderons deux problématiques: la question de l'autonomie ou de la non autonomie de la preuve "ontologique" par rapport à la preuve "par les effets", et le questionnement quant à la possibilité d'une évolution de la place et de la nature de la preuve dite "ontologique" de l'existence de Dieu dans les écrits de Descartes. / This master thesis project will focus on Descartes and the "ontological" proof of the existence of God. The presentation will be made of this proof, its ins and outs. It will take into account: first, the role and status of the latter in the order of metaphysical reasons; second, the relationship between the "ontological" proof and the "through the effects" proof; and third, the various writings of Descartes in which it is question of the ontological argument. Thus, this analysis will note the differences there might be in Descartes thought regarding the substance or form of this argument. We will discuss on the different position this proof occupied in two writings: the Meditations (1641) and the Principles of Philosophy (1644). This type of analysis will allow us to focus on the debate initiated by Martial Guéroult and Henri Gouhier concerning the place of the "ontological" proof of the existence of God in the order of metaphysical reasons as well as its relations with the "through the effects" proof. The posterity of this debate will also be considered. Also, we will be able to ask the question whether there is an evolution of the "ontological" proof of the existence of God in the thought of Descartes over his writings. In summary, in this thesis, we address two issues: the question of autonomy or non-autonomy of the "ontological" proof in relation with the "through the effects" proof; and the question about the possibility of an evolution of the place and nature of the "ontological" proof of the existence of God in the writings of Descartes.
9

Infância e sujeito no contexto do pensamento pós-metafísico

Pereira, Vilmar Alves January 2008 (has links)
Esta tese apresenta uma discussão sobre infância e subjetividade moderna relacionada com a emergência do pensamento pós-metafísico. Apoiada em pensadores que delineiam os traços da modernidade, da subjetividade e da infância, não invalidando suas concepções, procura demonstrar as insuficiências desse modelo para pensarmos os processos de educação da infância na atualidade. Procurando apontar como foram forjadas as diferentes concepções de infância na modernidade, associada à noção de um sujeito portador de sentido para a realidade, percorre esta investigação o seguinte itinerário: num primeiro momento, apresenta um estudo de Montaigne, Descartes, Rousseau, Kant a partir do horizonte da modernidade; num segundo, estabelece uma crítica aos conceitos desenvolvidos por esses pensadores, no que concerne à temática investigada, a partir de Nietzsche, Adorno e Benjamin. Esta análise aponta para o esgotamento tanto da modernidade, quanto do conceito infância, como do princípio da subjetividade. Na tentativa de oferecer um aporte às insuficiências do projeto moderno, buscou-se a partir do estabelecimento da perspectiva pós-metafísica a possibilidade de uma leitura que permita um melhor entendimento da infância nos cenários atuais. A abordagem filosófica utilizada teve por norte a filosofia da consciência de corte moderna e a filosofia da linguagem como alternativa para saldar os débitos da modernidade. Uma das conclusões é que, no contexto do pensamento pós-metafísico, a infância assume contornos propiciados pela constatação de que ela é plural. Finalmente, aponta para a necessidade da busca de pontos de confluências no que diz respeito a uma filosofia da infância. O estudo permeia a tensão entre a necessidade da universalidade, e da relatividade no universo infantil Além disso, esta tese, a partir da aproximação da teoria de Habermas, um dos expoentes do pensamento pós-metafísico, permite novas interpretações tanto da infância quanto da subjetividade no sentido de que nesse horizonte há um deslocamento e a renovação desses conceitos que trazem contribuições profícuas tanto para a filosofia quanto para a educação. / This thesis presents a debate about childhood and modern subjectivity with the emergency of the post-metaphysic thought. Based on thinkers who outline the modernity characteristics of subjectivity and childhood, it does not disregard its conceptions but it tries to demonstrate the shortcomings of this model to analyze the processes of childhood education nowadays. Trying to indicate how different conceptions of childhood were established in the modernity, and also considering the notion of a subject who carries the sense of the reality, this study follows this itinerary: first, it presents a study of Montaigne, Descartes, Rousseau and Kant from the horizon of the modernity; second, it criticizes the concepts developed by these thinkers regarding the subject of this thesis and based on Nietzsche, Adorno and Benjamin. This analysis shows the weakness of the modernity, as well as of the concept of childhood and the principle of subjectivity. Trying to offer a contribution to the shortcomings of the modern project, we tried, from the establishment of the postmetaphysics perspective, to have a reading that allows a better understanding of childhood these days. The philosophical approach used was guided by the modern philosophy of the conscience and the language philosophy as alternatives for the shortages of the modernity. One of the conclusions is that in the context of the post-metaphysical thought childhood takes characteristics resulting of the verification that it is plural. Finally, this study shows the need to search for confluence aspects regarding the philosophy of childhood. Besides this, from the approximation to the theory of Habermas, one of the exponents of the post-metaphysics thought, this study allows us new interpretations of both childhood and subjectivity considering that under this horizon there is a dislocation and renovation of these concepts that bring useful contributions for both philosophy and education.
10

Infância e sujeito no contexto do pensamento pós-metafísico

Pereira, Vilmar Alves January 2008 (has links)
Esta tese apresenta uma discussão sobre infância e subjetividade moderna relacionada com a emergência do pensamento pós-metafísico. Apoiada em pensadores que delineiam os traços da modernidade, da subjetividade e da infância, não invalidando suas concepções, procura demonstrar as insuficiências desse modelo para pensarmos os processos de educação da infância na atualidade. Procurando apontar como foram forjadas as diferentes concepções de infância na modernidade, associada à noção de um sujeito portador de sentido para a realidade, percorre esta investigação o seguinte itinerário: num primeiro momento, apresenta um estudo de Montaigne, Descartes, Rousseau, Kant a partir do horizonte da modernidade; num segundo, estabelece uma crítica aos conceitos desenvolvidos por esses pensadores, no que concerne à temática investigada, a partir de Nietzsche, Adorno e Benjamin. Esta análise aponta para o esgotamento tanto da modernidade, quanto do conceito infância, como do princípio da subjetividade. Na tentativa de oferecer um aporte às insuficiências do projeto moderno, buscou-se a partir do estabelecimento da perspectiva pós-metafísica a possibilidade de uma leitura que permita um melhor entendimento da infância nos cenários atuais. A abordagem filosófica utilizada teve por norte a filosofia da consciência de corte moderna e a filosofia da linguagem como alternativa para saldar os débitos da modernidade. Uma das conclusões é que, no contexto do pensamento pós-metafísico, a infância assume contornos propiciados pela constatação de que ela é plural. Finalmente, aponta para a necessidade da busca de pontos de confluências no que diz respeito a uma filosofia da infância. O estudo permeia a tensão entre a necessidade da universalidade, e da relatividade no universo infantil Além disso, esta tese, a partir da aproximação da teoria de Habermas, um dos expoentes do pensamento pós-metafísico, permite novas interpretações tanto da infância quanto da subjetividade no sentido de que nesse horizonte há um deslocamento e a renovação desses conceitos que trazem contribuições profícuas tanto para a filosofia quanto para a educação. / This thesis presents a debate about childhood and modern subjectivity with the emergency of the post-metaphysic thought. Based on thinkers who outline the modernity characteristics of subjectivity and childhood, it does not disregard its conceptions but it tries to demonstrate the shortcomings of this model to analyze the processes of childhood education nowadays. Trying to indicate how different conceptions of childhood were established in the modernity, and also considering the notion of a subject who carries the sense of the reality, this study follows this itinerary: first, it presents a study of Montaigne, Descartes, Rousseau and Kant from the horizon of the modernity; second, it criticizes the concepts developed by these thinkers regarding the subject of this thesis and based on Nietzsche, Adorno and Benjamin. This analysis shows the weakness of the modernity, as well as of the concept of childhood and the principle of subjectivity. Trying to offer a contribution to the shortcomings of the modern project, we tried, from the establishment of the postmetaphysics perspective, to have a reading that allows a better understanding of childhood these days. The philosophical approach used was guided by the modern philosophy of the conscience and the language philosophy as alternatives for the shortages of the modernity. One of the conclusions is that in the context of the post-metaphysical thought childhood takes characteristics resulting of the verification that it is plural. Finally, this study shows the need to search for confluence aspects regarding the philosophy of childhood. Besides this, from the approximation to the theory of Habermas, one of the exponents of the post-metaphysics thought, this study allows us new interpretations of both childhood and subjectivity considering that under this horizon there is a dislocation and renovation of these concepts that bring useful contributions for both philosophy and education.

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