Orientador: Wanderley José de Melo / Banca: Mara Cristina Pessôa da Cruz / Banca: Cassio Hamilton Abreu Junior / Banca: Antonio Enedi Boaretto / Banca: Marcos Omir Marques / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses anuais de lodo de esgoto (LE) por dez anos consecutivos, no comportamento das formas de nitrogênio em Latossolos cultivados com milho; no estado nutricional, produção de grãos e matéria seca da planta, nos teores de As e Ba no solo e nos teores de As e Ba na folha e no grão de milho. Dois experimentos foram realizados em Jaboticabal (SP), Brasil, sob condições de campo, em blocos ao acaso em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef) e Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd). Os tratamentos foram aplicações de LE (5, 10 e 20 Mg ha-1, b.s.) e uma testemunha (sem LE e com fertilização NPK). O teor médio de N-total apresentou decréscimo com o aumento da profundidade, e aumentou por efeito das doses de LE nos dois solos. Há movimentação do N-NO3 - para as camadas inferiores do solo no LVd. O teor de N-NH4 + no LVef e LVd mostrou comportamento irregular com o incremento da profundidade, predominando sobre o N-NO3 - até a camada 0,60-0,80 m de profundidade no LVef. Dependendo do LE utilizado, tipo de solo e da dose aplicada o LE provocou incrementos no teor de B, Mg, Mo e Zn acima da faixa considerada adequada para o milho. No LVd houve diferença entre tratamentos no teor de As e Ba no solo com decréscimo da concentração com o aumento da dose de LE. Houve diferença entre tratamentos no teor de Ba extraível pelo Mehlich 3, e diminuição do teor pelo incremento da dose de LE no LVef e LVd. No LVef o teor de As no grão aumentou por efeito da dose de LE aplicada. Nos dois solos houve decréscimo do teor de Ba no grão por efeito dos tratamentos. Em LVd o teor de As e Ba foliar do T0 difere dos tratamentos com lodo de esgoto, observando-se decréscimo da concentração com o aumento da dose de LE. O As e Ba adicionados aos solos pelo lodo de esgoto não afetou a produção de grãos e matéria seca das plantas de milho / Abstract: The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of annual dosages of Sewage sludge (Ss) during a period of ten years of experimentation, on soil nitrogen response, the nutritional stage, the grain and dry matter yield of maize plants, the As and Ba contents in soil, leaves and grain of maize. Two experiments were carried out in Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil, in randomized blocks under field conditions, in Typic Eutrothox (TH) and Typic Haplorthox. The treatments were, Ss applications rates (5; 10 and 20 Mg ha-1 DW) and a control (without Ss and with NPK fertilization).The average content of total N showed decrease with the rising of depth and increase with the dosages in both soils. The results showed NO3 --N moving to the lower soil layers, in TH. NO4 +-N content in TE and TH showed uneven behavior with the rising of the soil depth, prevailing over NO3 --N until depth layer of 0,60-0,80 m in TE. Depending of the Ss used, soil type and applied dosage the Ss provoked increasing of B, Mg, Mo, and Zn content over the level considered adequate for corn. There was difference between treatments in soil As content in TH, with concentration decrease by the increase of Ss dosage. Ba content determined in TH was affected by treatments showing content decrease by the Ss dosage increase. There was difference between treatments in Ba content extractable by Mehlich 3, and Ba content decrease by increasing of Ss dosage in both soils. In TE As content in corn grain increased by the effect of Ss dosages applied. In both soils decrease of Ba content was found in grain by the effect of Ss treatments. In TH foliar As and Ba content of control treatment differs from Ss treatments, observing decrease of foliar As and Ba concentration by increase of Ss dosage. As and Ba added to the TE and TH by sewage sludge rates didn't affect dry matter and grain yield of maize plants / Doutor

A presente pesquisa visou o acúmulo dos micronutrientes ferro e zinco em levedura da espécie Saccharomyces cerevisiae, em meio contendo 300 mg L-1 de ferro ou zinco (previamente definido) de acordo com o respectivo experimento. Ainda, teve o intuito de adicionar a levedura viva em um substrato (milho), esterilizado por irradiação gama (dose previamente definido), e avaliar a sua viabilidade celular para que essa possa ser uma fonte de probiótico. A levedura apresentou um acumulo de ferro e zinco durante os ciclos fermentativos, alcançando no final do sexto ciclo 8883 mg kg-1 de matéria seca e 7452 mg kg-1 de matéria seca respectivamente. A viabilidade celular das leveduras decresce durante todo o tempo de investigação, apresentando um valor de 82,53% aos 110 dias / The objective of this work was to accumulate the micro-nutrients iron and zinc in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broth with 300 mg L-1 of iron or zinc. The enriched live yeasts were studied to be added to a substrate (corn) sterilized by gamma radiation in order to be a potential source of pro-biotic. The yeast accumulated iron and zinc during the fermentative cycles, reaching 8,883 mg kg-1 (dry weight) and 7,452 mg kg-1 (dry weight), respectively, at the end of the sixth cycle. The cellular viability of the yeasts added to corn decreased during the period of investigation, presenting the value of 82,53% at 110 days

A presente pesquisa visou o acúmulo dos micronutrientes ferro e zinco em levedura da espécie Saccharomyces cerevisiae, em meio contendo 300 mg L-1 de ferro ou zinco (previamente definido) de acordo com o respectivo experimento. Ainda, teve o intuito de adicionar a levedura viva em um substrato (milho), esterilizado por irradiação gama (dose previamente definido), e avaliar a sua viabilidade celular para que essa possa ser uma fonte de probiótico. A levedura apresentou um acumulo de ferro e zinco durante os ciclos fermentativos, alcançando no final do sexto ciclo 8883 mg kg-1 de matéria seca e 7452 mg kg-1 de matéria seca respectivamente. A viabilidade celular das leveduras decresce durante todo o tempo de investigação, apresentando um valor de 82,53% aos 110 dias / The objective of this work was to accumulate the micro-nutrients iron and zinc in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broth with 300 mg L-1 of iron or zinc. The enriched live yeasts were studied to be added to a substrate (corn) sterilized by gamma radiation in order to be a potential source of pro-biotic. The yeast accumulated iron and zinc during the fermentative cycles, reaching 8,883 mg kg-1 (dry weight) and 7,452 mg kg-1 (dry weight), respectively, at the end of the sixth cycle. The cellular viability of the yeasts added to corn decreased during the period of investigation, presenting the value of 82,53% at 110 days

Quick identification of loblolly pine nutrient deficiencies has troubled foresters who wish to increase productivity through fertilization. In the past, extensive field trials were established that did not allow for quick identification of a large number of possibly limiting nutrients in individual stands. This study used single-tree fertilization with macro-nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S) and micro-nutrients (Mn, Zn, B, Cu, Fe, Mo) to identify deficiencies using foliar techniques in one growing season. Four study sites in TX, AL, GA, and SC were established in loblolly pine plantations at or near canopy closure. Nutrient concentrations relative to the critical level, optimal nutrient ratios, DRIS methodology, vector analysis, and changes in individual fascicle and total current year foliage weight/area were used to identify deficiencies. Phosphorus was repeatedly indicated as most limiting growth at TX while K was implicated at SC. The GA site revealed multiple deficiencies including N, K, and S. The AL site revealed only a very suspect B deficiency. Critical level methodology was effective in identifying deficiencies of N, P, and K, while B, S, and Cu appeared to be available at sufficient quantities when concentrations were below the published critical levels. Concentrations of S were especially below the critical levels and not increased by fertilization indicating that the critical levels were too high. Nutrient ratio interpretability was reduced by luxury uptake of N in comparison to other deficient nutrients. DRIS methodology was hampered by the inability to create effective comparative norms. Deficiency detection with vector analysis created problems when B and Mn displayed greater uptake relative to controls than the macro-nutrients that provided relative foliage mass increases. Resulting diagnosis indicated deficiencies when B and Mn were really taken up as luxury consumption. Vector analysis may not be as effective as its individual parts. Foliage weight/area responses detected fewer deficiencies than the other techniques. No significant foliar responses were seen at the TX or AL sites. However, K at the SC site was identified as deficient by all foliage mass variables, and multiple deficiencies were detectable at the GA site. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 alvarezlazo_r_dr_jabo.pdf: 871992 bytes, checksum: f010c0f2b021f5d9309efdc48c4d6d40 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de doses anuais de lodo de esgoto (LE) por dez anos consecutivos, no comportamento das formas de nitrogênio em Latossolos cultivados com milho; no estado nutricional, produção de grãos e matéria seca da planta, nos teores de As e Ba no solo e nos teores de As e Ba na folha e no grão de milho. Dois experimentos foram realizados em Jaboticabal (SP), Brasil, sob condições de campo, em blocos ao acaso em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico (LVef) e Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd). Os tratamentos foram aplicações de LE (5, 10 e 20 Mg ha-1, b.s.) e uma testemunha (sem LE e com fertilização NPK). O teor médio de N-total apresentou decréscimo com o aumento da profundidade, e aumentou por efeito das doses de LE nos dois solos. Há movimentação do N-NO3 - para as camadas inferiores do solo no LVd. O teor de N-NH4 + no LVef e LVd mostrou comportamento irregular com o incremento da profundidade, predominando sobre o N-NO3 - até a camada 0,60-0,80 m de profundidade no LVef. Dependendo do LE utilizado, tipo de solo e da dose aplicada o LE provocou incrementos no teor de B, Mg, Mo e Zn acima da faixa considerada adequada para o milho. No LVd houve diferença entre tratamentos no teor de As e Ba no solo com decréscimo da concentração com o aumento da dose de LE. Houve diferença entre tratamentos no teor de Ba extraível pelo Mehlich 3, e diminuição do teor pelo incremento da dose de LE no LVef e LVd. No LVef o teor de As no grão aumentou por efeito da dose de LE aplicada. Nos dois solos houve decréscimo do teor de Ba no grão por efeito dos tratamentos. Em LVd o teor de As e Ba foliar do T0 difere dos tratamentos com lodo de esgoto, observando-se decréscimo da concentração com o aumento da dose de LE. O As e Ba adicionados aos solos pelo lodo de esgoto não afetou a produção de grãos e matéria seca das plantas de milho / The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of the application of annual dosages of Sewage sludge (Ss) during a period of ten years of experimentation, on soil nitrogen response, the nutritional stage, the grain and dry matter yield of maize plants, the As and Ba contents in soil, leaves and grain of maize. Two experiments were carried out in Jaboticabal-SP, Brazil, in randomized blocks under field conditions, in Typic Eutrothox (TH) and Typic Haplorthox. The treatments were, Ss applications rates (5; 10 and 20 Mg ha-1 DW) and a control (without Ss and with NPK fertilization).The average content of total N showed decrease with the rising of depth and increase with the dosages in both soils. The results showed NO3 --N moving to the lower soil layers, in TH. NO4 +-N content in TE and TH showed uneven behavior with the rising of the soil depth, prevailing over NO3 --N until depth layer of 0,60-0,80 m in TE. Depending of the Ss used, soil type and applied dosage the Ss provoked increasing of B, Mg, Mo, and Zn content over the level considered adequate for corn. There was difference between treatments in soil As content in TH, with concentration decrease by the increase of Ss dosage. Ba content determined in TH was affected by treatments showing content decrease by the Ss dosage increase. There was difference between treatments in Ba content extractable by Mehlich 3, and Ba content decrease by increasing of Ss dosage in both soils. In TE As content in corn grain increased by the effect of Ss dosages applied. In both soils decrease of Ba content was found in grain by the effect of Ss treatments. In TH foliar As and Ba content of control treatment differs from Ss treatments, observing decrease of foliar As and Ba concentration by increase of Ss dosage. As and Ba added to the TE and TH by sewage sludge rates didn’t affect dry matter and grain yield of maize plants