RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o grau de microinfiltração nas margens gengival e incisal de restaurações classe V frente aos seguintes métodos de preparo: 1) alta rotação, 2) laser – Er:YAG modelo Opus 20 (Opus Dent) e 3) laser – Er,Cr:YSGG modelo Waterlase (Millennium, Biolase). Foram avaliados também os sistemas adesivos Single Bond (3M ESPE) e One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama). Sessenta incisivos bovinos hígidos, extraídos foram divididos em 6 grupos de 10 elementos. As cavidades foram preparadas de acordo com o protocolo a seguir: grupo 1 e 2 utilizando alta rotação, grupo 3 e 5 laser de Er:YAG, grupo 4 e 6 laser de Er,Cr:YSGG. Os espécimes foram restaurados com resina composta Z250 (3M ESPE) com a utilização prévia dos adesivos Single Bond (grupos 1, 3 e 4) e One-Up Bond F (grupos 2, 5 e 6). Após armazenagem em água destilada a 37ºC por 24h, os espécimes foram polidos, termociclados e imersos em solução de nitrato de prata a 50% por 8h. Os espécimes foram incluídos, seccionados em duas porções e revelados à 10min de exposição sob lâmpada phothoflood. Os corpos-de-prova infiltrados foram avaliados em lupa estereomicroscópica com 25 vezes de aumento a fim de detectar o grau de microinfiltração de cada uma das margens. A mais infiltrada foi escolhida para representar o resultado individual de cada corpo-de-prova. Foram realizadas fotos, e encaminhadas a três examinadores utilizando o método de escores 0, 1, 2 e 3. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística através do teste estatístico não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis. Na margem gengival houve maior microinfiltração no preparo realizado com laser Er:YAG do que com alta rotação com o sistema adesivo Single Bond. Na margem gengival com os preparos de lasers Er:YAG e Er,Cr:YSGG, observou-se menor microinfiltração com a utilização do sistema adesivo autocondicionante One-Up Bond F. A margem incisal não apresentou diferenças nos graus de microinfiltração para todos os tratamentos. / SUMMARY The aim of this research was compare the microleakage degree in the class V gingival and incisal margins using following preparation methods: 1) air turbine, 2) laser – Er:YAG Opus 20 (Opus Dent) and 3) laser – Er,Cr: YSGG Waterlase model (Millennium, Biolase). Also, the adhesive systems Single Bond (3M ESPE) and One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama) were evaluated. Sixty intact bovine incisives were divided in 6 groups of 10 elements each. The cavities were prepared as follow: groups 1 and 2 using air turbine, groups 3 and 5 laser Er:YAG, groups 4 and 6 laser Er,Cr:YSGG prepare. The specimens were restored with composite resin Z250 (3M ESPE) with previous utilization of the Single Bond (groups 1, 3 and 4) and One-Up Bond F (groups 2, 5 and 6). After storage in distilled water at 37°C, for 24 hours, the specimens were polished, thermocycled and immersed in 50% silver nitrate for 8h. The specimens were included, sectioned in two parts and revealed by means of a 10 min exposure photoflood lamp. The infiltered specimens were evaluated using a stereomicroscope glass with 25X magnification to detect the microleakage degree of each part. The more infiltrate was chosen to represent the individual result of each specimen. Photos were accomplished, and sent to three examinators using the method of scores 0, 1, 2 and 3. The obtained data were submitted to a statistical analysis using the non-parametrical statistic test of Kruskal-Wallis. In the gingival margin there was more microleakage with the prepare accomplished with laser Er:YAG, than that of air turbine with the Single Bond adhesive system. In the gingival margin with the lasers preparations Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG smaller microleakage was observed with the use of self-etching One-Up Bond F adhesive system. The incisal margin did not present differences in the degrees of microleakage for all treatments.

Soluções de nitrato de prata são freqüentemente usadas em testes de micro e nanoinfiltração, apesar de nem todas as suas características estarem definidas claramente na literatura. Neste estudo foram avaliadas soluções aquosas de nitrato de prata quanto ao pH e à quantidade de prata iônica (ppm) em várias concentrações, bem como o desempenho dessas soluções em testes de microinfiltração realizados em dentes decíduos e permanentes. Numa primeira fase foi analisado o pH (pHmetro digital) de solução a 50% (p/v), tendo como variáveis a pureza da água, a marca comercial do sal, a cor do frasco, e a idade pós-preparo. Posteriormente, avaliou-se a quantidade de prata iônica, por espectrometria de emissão atômica, presente nas soluções (1%, 5%, 25% e 50%) ao longo de 168 horas de armazenagem. Em cavidades de classe V, confeccionadas nas faces vestibular e lingual/palatina de molares, foram aplicados dois sistemas adesivos (OptiBond FL ou OptiBond Solo Plus SE). Após a restauração (Filtek Z-250) foi determinado o valor médio de microinfiltração (mm) para diversas concentrações e idade pós-preparo das soluções. Os dados obtidos foram tratados por análise de variância e teste de Tukey (a=0,05). As soluções analisadas na primeira etapa apresentaram pH médio entre 7,9±2,2 a 11,8±0,9, e houve diferenças significativas para todas as variáveis. O teor médio de prata iônica apresentou diferenças significativas para o fator Concentração (4,75±0,5 a 1% e 293±15,3ppm a 50%); porém, não houve diferença para o fator Idade. Nos testes de microinfiltração houve diferença significante apenas para o fator Adesivo (p<0,01); os demais fatores e as interações não apresentaram diferenças significativas. Com base nos resultados obtidos neste estudo pode-se concluir que: 1) o pH de soluções aquosas de nitrato de prata varia de neutro a alcalino; 2) a quantidade de prata iônica e o pH se mantêm estáveis por até 168h; 3) a concentração e a idade pós-preparo das soluções não interferiram nos valores médios de microinfiltração; 4) o sistema adesivo OptiBond FL apresentou menores valores de microinfiltração, em dentes permanentes e decíduos / Silver nitrate solutions are frequently used in micro and nanoleakage tests, although not all of their characteristics are clearly defined in the literature. In this study an assessment was made of aqueous silver nitrate solutions as regards pH and the amount of ionic silver (ppm) in various concentrations, as well as the performance of these solutions in microleakage tests performed in primary and permanent teeth. In the first phase the pH (digital pH meter) of a 50% (w/v) solution was analyzed, having water purity, commercial brand of the salt, the color of the flask, and the storage time as variables. Afterwards, the amount of ionic silver present in the solutions (1%, 5%, 25% and 50%) was evaluated by atomic emission spectrometry, throughout 168 hours of storage. In Class V cavities made on the vestibular and lingual/palatal faces of molars, two adhesive systems were applied (OptiBond FL or OptiBond Solo Plus SE). After restoration (Filtek Z-250) the mean microleakage value (mm) was determined for the various concentrations and post-preparation time of the solutions. The data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and the Tukey test (a=0.05). The solutions analyzed in the first stage had a mean pH ranging between 7.9±2.2 and 11.8±0.9, and there were significant differences for all the variables. The mean ionic silver content presented with significant differences for the factor Concentration (4.75±0.5 at 1% and 293±15.3 ppm at 50%); but there was no difference for the factor Time. In the microleakage tests there was significant difference only for the factor Adhesive (p<0.01); the other factors and the interactions did not present with any significant differences. Based on the results obtained in this study, it may be concluded that: 1) the pH of aqueous silver nitrate solutions varies from neutral to alkaline; 2) the amount of ionic silver and pH remained stable for up to 168h; 3) the concentration and the post-preparation time of the solutions did not interfere with the mean microleakage values; 4) the adhesive system OptiBond FL presented with the lowest microleakage values in both permanent and primary teeth

Três dos principais tipos de implantes disponíveis no mercado são: o hexágono externo, o hexágono interno e o cone morse. Um microespaço, presente entre o implante e o intermediário protético, permite a penetração bacteriana e colonização do interior do implante. Esse microespaço, juntamente com a colonização bacteriana, tem sido associado com a perda óssea ao redor dos implantes, característica da periimplantite. O objetivo desse trabalho foi comparar a possível contaminação bacteriana nesses três tipos de implantes, em um período de 24 horas, semelhante ao que acontece na condição de carga imediata. Para tal, foram utilizados 10 implantes de cada tipo, com seus respectivos intermediários protéticos, sendo o Grupo 1 de implantes Hexágono Externo (HE), Grupo 2 de Hexágono Interno (HI) e Grupo 3 de Cone Morse (CM). No interior de cada implante foram inoculados 2L de meio de cultura (BHI). Os espécimes foram depositados individualmente em tubos de ensaio contendo 4 mL de BHI estéril. Após um teste de esterilidade, 100L de BHI contendo Enterococcus faecalis foram inoculados em cada tubo. Após 24 horas em meio contendo bactérias, os espécimes foram removidos, desinfectados e reabertos. Com um cone de papel estéril, o material do interior dos implantes foi coletado e colocado em meio de cultura para avaliar a possível passagem de bactérias do meio externo para o interno dos implantes. O teste foi repetido por mais duas vezes (Teste I, II e III), com o cuidado de se lavar e esterilizar em autoclave os espécimes. Os resultados foram tabulados e o teste exato de Fisher foi aplicado com o nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados do teste I mostraram a contaminação de 8 implantes HE, 4 implantes HI e 2 implantes CM, sendo a contaminação no grupo HE estatisticamente significante maior que nos grupos HI e CM; o teste II mostrou a contaminação de 7 implantes HE, 4 implantes HI e 4 implantes CM, não havendo diferenças estatisticamente significantes; o teste III mostrou a contaminação de 10 implantes HE, 7 implantes HI e 3 implantes CM, revelando diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o grupo HE e CM. Concluise, portanto, que após um período de 24 horas, houve contaminação bacteriana em todos os grupos avaliados, sendo estatisticamente maior no grupo 1. / Three main types of implants available in the market are: external hexagonal, internal hexagonal and morse-taper. A microgap, present between the implant and the abutment, enables bacterial penetration and colonization of the interior of the implant. This microgap, associated with bacterial colonization, has been related with bone loss around the implants, present in periimplantitis . The aim of this study was to compare the possible bacterial contamination in these three types of implants in a 24 hour period, similarly with immediate loading. 10 implants of each type, with their abutments, were used. The implants of Group 1 were external hexagonal (HE) type, Group 2 were Internal Hexagonal (HI) type and Group 3, morse-taper type(MC). 2 µL of brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth were added into each implant. The specimens were placed individually in glass culture tubes containing 4 mL of sterile BHI broth. After a test to assure sterility, 100 µL of BHI broth containing Enterococcus faecalis were inoculated in each tube. After 24 hours, the specimens were removed, disinfected and reopened. With a sterile paper cone, the material inside the implants were collected and placed in BHI to evaluate the possible passage of bacteria from the outside to the internal side of the implant. The test was repeated two times more (Test I, II and III). The Fisher exact test was used to compare the number of contaminated implants in each group, at a significance level of 5%. The results of test I showed contamination of 8 HE implants, 4 HI implants and 2 CM implants. The contamination in the HE group was statistically higher than CM and HI groups. Test II revealed contamination of 7 HE implants, 4 HI implants and 4 CM implants. No statistically significant differences were observed. Test III showed contamination of 10 HE implants, 7 HI implants and 3 CM implants, revealing statistically significant differences between HE and CM groups. It can be concluded that after a period of 24 hours, there was bacterial leakage in all groups studied, with statistically higher contamination in group 1.

Microleakage is an important topic in restorative dentistry. A large number of different techniques have been developed for the investigation of microleakage. However, these methodologies have been considered less reliable due to the nature of specimen preparation. The major objective of this investigation was to introduce a non-destructive technique for the study of microleakage. This objective has been partly met with the use of micro-computed tomography. By scanning the whole restoration with high spatial resolution, microleakage could be detected non-destructively and three dimensionally. In order to detect microleakage by micro-computed tomography, an X-ray contrast dye solution was developed to reveal microleakage at the tooth/restoration interface. In addition, a suitable model of tooth/cavity complex was designed in order to gain the best resolution from micro-computed tomography. Finally, with the application of advanced image analysis software, three-dimensional analysis of microleakage was achieved quantitatively and qualitatively. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1295242 / Thesis (M.Sc.Dent.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Dentistry, 2007

La percolation des obturations adhésives en Dentisterie Conservatrice reste le problème majeur en ce qui concerne la longévité clinique de ces restaurations. Le choix et la bonne utilisation de l'adhésif servant à coller le matériau de restauration (composite) aux parois dentaires résiduelles (généralement,après éviction du tissu carieux)sont deux facteurs primordiaux dans la gestion de ce problème. Les manipulations in vitro réalisées dans le cadre de cette thèse de Doctorat ont permis d'observer les différentes percolations permises par des obturations en composite réalisées avec différents systèmes adhésifs et selon différentes techniques.

This study investigated the effect on microleakage of different bonding agents and glass and polyethylene fibers inserted at gingival margins of class V composite restorations. Sixty premolars were sterilized. Class V cavities were prepared, 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction. Prepared tooth were randomly divided into 12 groups (n=10). In experimental groups fiber inserts were inserted at the gingival seat. The control groups had no inserts. Restorations were incrementally placed and polymerized. Specimens were then stored in water and thermocycled for 500 cycles, then immersed in 2% procion dye and sectioned buccolingually, then dye penetration was assessed. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance of ranks. No significant differences were found among the types of fiber or the two types of composites. Significant differences were found between the bonding agents. SE and LS show significantly lower microleakage than NT in class V composite restorations in dentin.

<p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </p> <p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of AH Plus sealer to the canal wall in the presence and absence of the smear layer.</font></p>

This study investigated the effect on microleakage of different bonding agents and glass and polyethylene fibers inserted at gingival margins of class V composite restorations. Sixty premolars were sterilized. Class V cavities were prepared, 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction. Prepared tooth were randomly divided into 12 groups (n=10). In experimental groups fiber inserts were inserted at the gingival seat. The control groups had no inserts. Restorations were incrementally placed and polymerized. Specimens were then stored in water and thermocycled for 500 cycles, then immersed in 2% procion dye and sectioned buccolingually, then dye penetration was assessed. Data were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test and analysis of variance of ranks. No significant differences were found among the types of fiber or the two types of composites. Significant differences were found between the bonding agents. SE and LS show significantly lower microleakage than NT in class V composite restorations in dentin.

<p> <p>&nbsp / </p> </p> <p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">The aim of this study was to compare the sealing ability of AH Plus sealer to the canal wall in the presence and absence of the smear layer.</font></p>

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-12-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:01:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 araujo_tsb_dr_arafo.pdf: 876638 bytes, checksum: 4edaacd253f53829f5fdb7d87cab5c0b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar in vitro a influência de dois sistemas adesivos resinosos, sendo um autocondicionante de dois passos (Clearfil SE Bond 2) e um convencional também de dois passos (Master Bond), bem como o tratamento das margens cavitárias no controle da microinfiltração marginal. Preparos cavitários de classe V foram executados na face vestibular em 80 dentes anteriores bovinos previamente extraídos, divididos em oito grupos (n=10). O grau de infiltração marginal foi avaliado por penetração do agente traçador (Nitrato de Prata (AgNO3) a 50%) nas paredes incisal e cervical por meio de um Software-Image Tool, no qual se mede o grau de infiltração em micrômetros e, portanto, análise quantitativa, os resultados submetidos à Análise de Variância seguida do teste de Tukey para observação das diferenças, concluindo-se que: a) os sistemas adesivos apresentaram estatisticamente o mesmo comportamento; b) existe diferença estatisticamente significante entre as técnicas de preparos utilizados sendo que os preparos realizados nos Grupo I e Grupo II, bem como nos Grupos VII e VIII, apresentaram comportamento semelhante e os melhores resultados para redução da microinfiltração; c) os preparos do Grupo III e Grupo IV apresentaram maiores índices de microinfiltração marginal, no entanto, semelhantes aos Grupos V e VI; d) a região cervical apresentou maior nível de microinfiltração quando comparada com a região incisal. / This study aimed to analyse in vitro the influence of two resinous adhesive systems: one self-etching of two steps (Clearfil SE Bond 2) and one also conventional of two steps (Master Bond), as well as the treatment of the cavity margins in the marginal microleakage control. Cavity preparations of class V were carried out on the buccal surface of 80 bovine anterior teeth, previously extracted, divided into eight groups (n=10). The marginal leakage degree was evaluated by the penetration of the tracer agent (Silver Nitrate (AgNO3) at 50%); on the incisor and cervical walls through a Software-Image Tool that measures the leakage degree in micrometers and, therefore, quantitative analysis, which results were subjected to the Variance Analysis and afterwards to the Tukey's test in order to observe the differences it was possible to conclude that: a) the adhesive systems presented statistically the same behaviour; b) there is a statistically meaningful difference between the preparation techniques that were used and the preparations that were carried out in Group I and Group II, as well as Groups VII and VIII, that presented similar behaviour and the best results for the reduction of microleakage; c) the preparations of Group III and Group IV presented higher rates of marginal microleakage, however, they were similar to Groups V and VI; d) the cervical region presented higher level of microleakage comparing to the incisor region.