The purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the social protection, if any, afforded to migrant workers in South Africa. To accomplish this purpose, the ambit of the concept of ‘social protection’ is investigated and the legal status and different categories of migrant workers are probed. The strands of social protection identified and evaluated in the study are: • social assistance; • social insurance; and • labour security. Each of the categories that define the social protection afforded to migrant workers is examined. The ILO, UN and SADC have numerous standards and instruments dedicated to the extension of social protection as well as the protection of migrant workers globally. The Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, acknowledges that international law must be considered when interpreting the Bill of Rights. Furthermore, the courts must prefer a reasonable interpretation of legislation, consistent with international law. Each component of social protection, as well as migration, is regulated by different legislative instruments. South Africa has legislative instruments dedicated to the regulation of social assistance, social insurance and labour security. In South Africa, irregular migrants receive limited social protection. The South African courts have played a positive role in the development and broadening of the social protection afforded to migrant workers, especially in the form of labour security. The limitations in the legislative instruments that regulate labour security are being extended to give effect to the courts’ decisions. Most of South Africa’s neighbouring countries have some form of social protection, but other SADC countries can receive lessons from South Africa with regard to the development of social protection, specifically in the form of labour security. / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

The rate of heat-related fatalities in crop production workers is almost 20 times that of other industries. Heat stress was investigated in migrant tomato workers in July, 2012, using measurements of body temperature, heart rates, body weight loss, evaluation of the thermal environment, and survey data. Using occupational safety criteria, these workers were found to work in an environment that should require protective measures to prevent heat strain. Increases in body temperature, heart rate, and physiological strain correlated with heat exposure. One third of workers had body weight percentage losses that indicated dehydration. However, working in hot environments appears to elicit a low magnitude of strain in well acclimated workers who self-pace. Key findings suggest the need for worker and employer safety training regarding acclimation and hydration. Survey data showed that less than 30% have had any heat-related safety training.

This paper basically tries to seek if there are any tendencies or possibilities that the power of colonizer still remains in the colonized country in terms of migration policy regarding migrant worker rights. In this paper, the author focuses on the policy of both Malaysia and the United Kingdom as a host country regarding the rights of migrant as the topic of the paper. In this paper the author uses comparative analysis by comparing the migration policy of Malaysia and the United Kingdom and focuses on the migrant worker rights to see if there are any possibilities or tendencies that Malaysia adopted the migration policy of the United Kingdom. In conclusion, the United Kingdom policy regarding the system and recruitment of migrant workers in order to limit the influx of migrant workers influenced Malaysia to adopt similar policy. But Malaysia has different implementation of policy regarding migrant worker rights comparing to the United Kingdom.

This paper uses peace and conflict theory to analyse the migrant worker issue in the Gulf States, focusing on Indian construction workers in the emirate of Dubai. Peace and conflict theory is found to provide a missing perspective on the question, which is best understood in an interdisciplinary frame-work combined with for example migration and development theory. Migrant workers’ vulnerability in the global free market is described and the modern economic history of the Gulf region is discussed to explain today’s unique labour situation. Different regional and local parties to the conflict are identified to distinguish guiding interests and their impact on the conflict. Put in an international perspective, the same conflict mechanisms found in the Gulf are detected globally. They reveal widespread practises of structural and cultural violence that can only be contested by a vibrant global civil society guided by truly cosmopolitan values.

A frequência com que trabalhadores migrantes encontram-se submetidos a condições indignas de moradia despertou o interesse na investigação da existência e da extensão de obrigação jurídica do empregador em relação a seu correspondente direito. Como deixa entrever a jurisprudência a respeito, à exceção das ocasiões em que o empregador expressamente assume obrigação de tal natureza, o problema não encontra resposta normativa enunciada de forma específica. À vista dos direitos fundamentais, normas jurídicas nacionais e internacionais convergem no sentido de que o conteúdo do direito à moradia não se preenche com a simples existência de um abrigo ou alojamento; tem deveras maior alcance e abrange a concepção da moradia adequada. A inserção do direito à moradia do trabalhador migrante no âmbito do contrato de emprego pode suscitar colisão entre aquele direito fundamental e o de proteção à propriedade do empregador. A solução apresentada pretende oferecer uma resposta plausível e fundamentada à indagação central da pesquisa, dentre os possíveis encaminhamentos do problema. / The frequency with which migrant workers are subjected to degrading housing conditions has aroused the interest in investigating the existence and extent of the employer\'s legal obligation in relation to his/her corresponding right. As jurisprudence about it allows us to glimpse, except for occasions where the employer expressly assumes an obligation of such nature, the problem finds no normative response specifically set out. In view of fundamental rights, national and international legal standards converge in the sense that the content of the right to housing is not filled with the mere existence of a shelter; indeed has greater range and covers the conception of a dignifying housing. The insertion of the housing rights of migrant workers under the scope of the labor agreement may raise collision between that fundamental right and that of protecting the employer\'s property. The solution presented aims to provide a plausible answer and reasoned to the research central question, among the possible referrals of the problem.

A frequência com que trabalhadores migrantes encontram-se submetidos a condições indignas de moradia despertou o interesse na investigação da existência e da extensão de obrigação jurídica do empregador em relação a seu correspondente direito. Como deixa entrever a jurisprudência a respeito, à exceção das ocasiões em que o empregador expressamente assume obrigação de tal natureza, o problema não encontra resposta normativa enunciada de forma específica. À vista dos direitos fundamentais, normas jurídicas nacionais e internacionais convergem no sentido de que o conteúdo do direito à moradia não se preenche com a simples existência de um abrigo ou alojamento; tem deveras maior alcance e abrange a concepção da moradia adequada. A inserção do direito à moradia do trabalhador migrante no âmbito do contrato de emprego pode suscitar colisão entre aquele direito fundamental e o de proteção à propriedade do empregador. A solução apresentada pretende oferecer uma resposta plausível e fundamentada à indagação central da pesquisa, dentre os possíveis encaminhamentos do problema. / The frequency with which migrant workers are subjected to degrading housing conditions has aroused the interest in investigating the existence and extent of the employer\'s legal obligation in relation to his/her corresponding right. As jurisprudence about it allows us to glimpse, except for occasions where the employer expressly assumes an obligation of such nature, the problem finds no normative response specifically set out. In view of fundamental rights, national and international legal standards converge in the sense that the content of the right to housing is not filled with the mere existence of a shelter; indeed has greater range and covers the conception of a dignifying housing. The insertion of the housing rights of migrant workers under the scope of the labor agreement may raise collision between that fundamental right and that of protecting the employer\'s property. The solution presented aims to provide a plausible answer and reasoned to the research central question, among the possible referrals of the problem.

Les migrations Sud-Nord et Sud-Sud sont une actualité brûlante, et les instruments juridiquescensés les réguler sont ignorés des peuples, et insuffisamment analysés par les juristes. Le rôle desÉtats, de leurs organisations régionales et internationales est fondamental dans l’élaboration d’un droitdes migrations internationales. La présente thèse identifie deux situations qui caractérisent lecomportement des États africains depuis leur accession à la souveraineté nationale. D’une part, un rôlede subordination vis-à-vis des États du Nord (1960 à 2006) selon lequel les États africains se sontcontentés de répondre favorablement aux politiques migratoires des États du Nord, sans exiger decontrepartie. D’autre part, depuis la conclusion des accords de réadmission, on assiste à une relativeémancipation de certains États africains. Ce sont surtout des États (Sénégal, Mali) aux traditionsmigratoires Sud-Nord plus anciennes qui exigent désormais des contreparties avant la conclusion denouvelles conventions. Le comportement de ces États est influencé par une opinion publique nationaleplus sensible à la question migratoire en raison de l’ampleur des transferts financiers des travailleursmigrants vers leurs pays d’origine et une diaspora éclairée fortement installée dans les États du Nord.Par ailleurs, l’étude met en exergue les contradictions des organisations communautaires ouestafricainessur la question migratoire. L’UEMOA et la CEDEAO sont prises en étau, entre promotionde la libre circulation, du droit de résidence et d’établissement des personnes dans des espacesmigratoires en réalité concurrentiels, et en même temps acceptation des rôles de gardes frontièresextérieures de l’Union européenne. / The South-North and South-South migrations constitute one of the burning hot newstoday, whereas the supposed legal instruments to control them are unknown by people, andinsufficientthy analyzed by lawyers. The role of implied States, regional community agencies andinternational institutions, is howewer foundamental in the recognition or the refusal of migrantworkers’rights. The present thesis identifies two situations which characterize the behavior of manyAfrican States since their accession to national and international sovereignty. On the one hand, AfricanStates played a role of subordination, with respect to the States of the North (from 1960 to 2006),through which they were satisfied with answering favorably to the migratory policies of WesternStates, without requiring any counterpart. On the other hand, this study shows a relative emancipationof certain African States since the conclusion of re-admission agreements. Those are States (Senegaland Mali) with older South-North migratory traditions, which require from now on counterparts beforethe signature of new conventions. The behavior of those States is also influenced by a national opinionmore sensitive to the migratory question and a well-educated diaspora strongly settled in the NorthenStates. Lastly, the survey puts forward contradictions of the West African Community orgazations onthe migratory issue. UEMOA and ECOWAS organizations taken out of wice between the promotingfreedom of movement and that of right of residence as well as establishment of people in migratoryspaces actually competing each other, and ensuring at the same time the role of external guard-bordersfor the European Union

La protection des travailleurs migrants est au cœur de l’actualité internationale. En effet, la mondialisation a relativisé la notion d’espace, et malgré la réticence des Etats à ouvrir leurs frontières à la circulation des personnes, les migrants représentent aujourd’hui 3% de la population mondiale, et les travailleurs migrants et les membres de leur famille 90% du nombre total de migrants. L’objet de cette étude est de s’interroger sur la manière dont le droit international protège les travailleurs migrants, et sur l’émergence d’un statut international à leur profit. Le traitement des travailleurs étrangers reste une question politiquement sensible, comme l’atteste le faible succès de la Convention des Nations Unies sur la protection de tous les travailleurs migrants et des membres de leur famille de 1990. Par ailleurs, la circulation internationale des personnes ne fait, sauf quelques rares exceptions, l’objet d’aucune concertation internationale. Pourtant les droits des travailleurs migrants, traditionnellement définis à partir de l’obligation internationale de traitement, vont considérablement s’étoffer grâce à une complémentarité du droit international du travail et du droit international des droits de l’homme. La complémentarité de ces matières offre également aux travailleurs migrants un nombre croissant de voies de recours dans l’ordre juridique international. Mais surtout la protection des droits des travailleurs étrangers fait l’objet d’une concertation international particulièrement dynamique, élément clé de l’effectivité de leurs droits. / The protection of the migrant workers is at the heart of the international current events. Indeed, the globalization put in perspective the notion of space, and despite the reluctance of states to open their borders to the movement of people, the migrants represent 3% of the world population today, and the migrant workers and members of their families representing 90% of the total number of migrants. The purpose of this study is to wonder about the way the international law protects migrant workers, and the emergence of an international status for their benefit. The treatment of foreign workers remains a politically sensitive question, as evidenced by the low weak success of the United Nations Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and the Members of their Families in 1990. Moreover, the international movement of persons is not, with few exceptions, subject to any international consultation. Nevertheless the rights of migrant workers, traditionally defined from the international obligation of treatment will be considerably expanded through a complementarity of international labor law and the international law of human rights. Such complementarity also offers to migrant workers an increasing number of international legal remedies. But especially the protection of the rights of foreign workers is the object of a dialogue with international particularly dynamic cooperation, key element of the effectiveness of their rights.

Ce travail de recherche a pour but de retracer l’évolution de la représentation cinématographique de la population d’origine maghrébine en France et de mettre en perspective l’analyse des procédés esthétiques et cinématographiques dans l’œuvre d’Abdellatif Kechiche.Les trois étapes constituant ce travail restituent les tournants majeurs qui jalonnent cette histoire, partant de l’émergence du « travailleur immigré » comme figure cinématographique, en passant par la prise en charge des jeunes Franco-Maghrébins, enfants des premiers immigrés, de leur propre image à l’écran, et aboutissant au cinéma d’Abdellatif Kechiche comme syncrétisme de ce mouvement.Une analyse esthétique d’un corpus de films choisis permet d’appréhender la spécificité de ce mouvement qui débute dans les années soixante-dix et s’affirme au milieu des années quatre-vingt avec la sortie du film Le Thé au harem d’Archimède de Mehdi Charef. Il s’agit par là même d’interroger l’appellation « cinéma beur » employée pour désigner les cinéastes franco-maghrébins qui émergent dans le sillage de Mehdi Charef. Le cinéma d’Abdellatif Kechiche se situe à la fois en continuité et en rupture avec ce courant. Cette recherche révèle les mécanismes artistiques à l’œuvre dans ses films et permet d’initier une réflexion sur la singularité de son écriture, ainsi que sur l’avènement d’une cinématographie qui interroge le cinéma français sur sa capacité à recomposer la réalité dans sa dimension actuelle et polymorphe. / The objective of this research is to trace the evolution of the cinematographic representation of the Maghrebi population in France, and to put into perspective an analysis of Abdellatif Kechiche’s aesthetic and cinematographic processes.The three steps of this analysis cover the decisive points marking this evolution, from the starting point of the “immigrant labourer” as a cinematographic figure, followed by the appropriation of their self-image on screen by first-generation Franco-Maghrebi youth and finishing with Abdellatif Kechiche’s cinema as a syncretism of this movement.An aesthetic analysis of a selection of films allows us to grasp the specificity of this movement, which began in the 1970s and asserted itself in the 1980s with the release of Mehdi Charef’s “Tea in the Harem” (“Le Thé au harem d’Archimède”). This allows us to question the notion of “Beur Cinema”, which was used to describe the Franco-Maghrebi directors who followed in Mehdi Charef’s footsteps. The cinema of Abdellatif Kechiche is both a continuation of, and a departure from this movement. This research highlights the artistic mechanisms at work in his oeuvre and initiates a reflection on the singularity of his writing, as well as on the establishment of a cinematography that questions French cinema in terms of its ability to recompose reality in its current and polymorphous dimension.

No description available.