Entender como está sendo realizado o direito humano à educação para os e as imigrantes da Bolívia que vivem em São Paulo é o principal objetivo deste estudo, que se insere no ponto de encontro entre dois debates globais contemporâneos: de um lado o crescimento e a complexidade que assumiram as migrações internacionais e, de outro, as tensões relativas à universalização de direitos em sociedades desiguais e discriminatórias. Ao longo da pesquisa, analisamos a legislação nacional e internacional e percorremos a literatura contemporânea sobre migrações internacionais e sua interface com o campo dos Direitos Humanos, em especial problematizando a relação entre os direitos de todos e os direitos dos cidadãos dado que muitos que integram o grupo em questão vivem em situação irregular no Brasil, o que não lhes tira a garantia da realização de direitos fundamentais. Para uma melhor compreensão dos pormenores que caracterizam essa dinâmica, visitamos locais de convivência dos imigrantes bolivianos/as na cidade, realizamos conversas exploratórias com representantes das organizações que atuam com o tema e, finalmente, fizemos 16 entrevistas gravadas com estudantes, mães, pais, professores/as e funcionários de escolas públicas da capital. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de três eixos analíticos. O primeiro eixo tratou da relação entre acesso e permanência na escola, verificando os obstáculos existentes nesse sentido. O segundo eixo de análise diz respeito à relação entre os imigrantes bolivianos e suas famílias com a comunidade escolar local direção, professores, e outros alunos brasileiros. Há uma tensão que cerca o debate internacional contemporâneo no campo dos direitos humanos, envolvendo universalismos e particularismos, igualdade e diferença, que foi considerada ao longo do desenvolvimento deste trabalho e, em especial, ao longo deste eixo. Finalmente, o terceiro eixo foi desenhado sobre as famílias e suas expectativas em relação à escola. Buscamos observar o que a família imigrante boliviana espera da escola e o que tem a dizer sobre a instituição de ensino brasileira. Um balanço inicial dessa trajetória mostrou que, numa perspectiva de Direitos Humanos, ainda há um logo caminho a ser percorrido. A universalização do direito à educação aqui é tensionada por violações de naturezas diversas e também pelo silêncio que tangencia o próprio tema a falta de dados, de pesquisas, de visibilidade de maneira geral configuram por si só um impeditivo à realização dos direitos educativos. Para aqueles em situação irregular no país, ainda que a lei garanta esse direito, a falta de documentos ainda é um entrave tanto para entrar como para mudar ou sair da escola. A burocracia, a falta de informações e a indiferença ao fato de terem outro idioma nativo são outros muros que pareceram evidentes. Uma vez dentro da escola, o olhar sobre a aceitabilidade dessa educação trouxe elementos importantes que caracterizam um ambiente que pouco promove a aprendizagem e desafia a promoção dos direitos humanos, com relatos de preconceito, discriminação e violência. / The purpose of this study is to understand how the human right to education for immigrants from Bolivia in the city of Sao Paulo is being fulfilled. The research is situated at the crossroad between two contemporary global debates: on one hand, the growth and complexity of the international migration process, and, on the other, tensions concerning the universalization of rights in unequal and discriminatory societies. Throughout this study, we analyzed the domestic and international laws and discussed the literature on international migration and its interface with the field of Human Rights, in particular questioning the relationship between rights for citizens or rights for all - as many people from the group we focused on are living illegally in Brazil, which does not take away the guarantee of the realization of their fundamental rights. To capture the details of the relationships and characteristics around this process, we visited places where Bolivian immigrants gather in the city, we conducted exploratory conversations with representatives of civil society organizations that fight for immigrants rights, and, finally, we carried out 16 interviews with students, parents, teachers and employees of public schools in the capital. The research was developed from three analytical axes. The first deals with the relationship between access and retention in school, observing the obstacles in that direction. The second point of analysis takes into account the relationship between the Bolivian immigrants and families with the local school community especially teachers and other Brazilian students. There is a tension when it comes to contemporary international debate in the field of human rights involving universalism and particularism, equality and difference, which was considered during the development of all this study and particularly along this axis. The third and final axis draws on the families and their expectations regarding the school. What are the Bolivian immigrants\' expectations? What do mothers say about Brazilian school, what do they think about local teachers? A first assessment shows that, at least from a human rights perspective, there is still a long way to go. The universal right to education here is challenged by many kinds of violations and also by the silence that touches this issue - the lack of data, research and visibility hinder the realization of educational rights. For those who are illegally in the country, even though the law guarantees this right, the lack of documentation is still an obstacle to enter or even to leave the school. Bureaucracy, lack of information on educational rights and indifference to the fact they have other native languages are other barriers observed along this study. Once inside the school, the reports we collected showed important elements that characterize an environment that does not promote learning and challenges the promotion of human rights, with cases of prejudice, discrimination and violence.

Entender como está sendo realizado o direito humano à educação para os e as imigrantes da Bolívia que vivem em São Paulo é o principal objetivo deste estudo, que se insere no ponto de encontro entre dois debates globais contemporâneos: de um lado o crescimento e a complexidade que assumiram as migrações internacionais e, de outro, as tensões relativas à universalização de direitos em sociedades desiguais e discriminatórias. Ao longo da pesquisa, analisamos a legislação nacional e internacional e percorremos a literatura contemporânea sobre migrações internacionais e sua interface com o campo dos Direitos Humanos, em especial problematizando a relação entre os direitos de todos e os direitos dos cidadãos dado que muitos que integram o grupo em questão vivem em situação irregular no Brasil, o que não lhes tira a garantia da realização de direitos fundamentais. Para uma melhor compreensão dos pormenores que caracterizam essa dinâmica, visitamos locais de convivência dos imigrantes bolivianos/as na cidade, realizamos conversas exploratórias com representantes das organizações que atuam com o tema e, finalmente, fizemos 16 entrevistas gravadas com estudantes, mães, pais, professores/as e funcionários de escolas públicas da capital. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de três eixos analíticos. O primeiro eixo tratou da relação entre acesso e permanência na escola, verificando os obstáculos existentes nesse sentido. O segundo eixo de análise diz respeito à relação entre os imigrantes bolivianos e suas famílias com a comunidade escolar local direção, professores, e outros alunos brasileiros. Há uma tensão que cerca o debate internacional contemporâneo no campo dos direitos humanos, envolvendo universalismos e particularismos, igualdade e diferença, que foi considerada ao longo do desenvolvimento deste trabalho e, em especial, ao longo deste eixo. Finalmente, o terceiro eixo foi desenhado sobre as famílias e suas expectativas em relação à escola. Buscamos observar o que a família imigrante boliviana espera da escola e o que tem a dizer sobre a instituição de ensino brasileira. Um balanço inicial dessa trajetória mostrou que, numa perspectiva de Direitos Humanos, ainda há um logo caminho a ser percorrido. A universalização do direito à educação aqui é tensionada por violações de naturezas diversas e também pelo silêncio que tangencia o próprio tema a falta de dados, de pesquisas, de visibilidade de maneira geral configuram por si só um impeditivo à realização dos direitos educativos. Para aqueles em situação irregular no país, ainda que a lei garanta esse direito, a falta de documentos ainda é um entrave tanto para entrar como para mudar ou sair da escola. A burocracia, a falta de informações e a indiferença ao fato de terem outro idioma nativo são outros muros que pareceram evidentes. Uma vez dentro da escola, o olhar sobre a aceitabilidade dessa educação trouxe elementos importantes que caracterizam um ambiente que pouco promove a aprendizagem e desafia a promoção dos direitos humanos, com relatos de preconceito, discriminação e violência. / The purpose of this study is to understand how the human right to education for immigrants from Bolivia in the city of Sao Paulo is being fulfilled. The research is situated at the crossroad between two contemporary global debates: on one hand, the growth and complexity of the international migration process, and, on the other, tensions concerning the universalization of rights in unequal and discriminatory societies. Throughout this study, we analyzed the domestic and international laws and discussed the literature on international migration and its interface with the field of Human Rights, in particular questioning the relationship between rights for citizens or rights for all - as many people from the group we focused on are living illegally in Brazil, which does not take away the guarantee of the realization of their fundamental rights. To capture the details of the relationships and characteristics around this process, we visited places where Bolivian immigrants gather in the city, we conducted exploratory conversations with representatives of civil society organizations that fight for immigrants rights, and, finally, we carried out 16 interviews with students, parents, teachers and employees of public schools in the capital. The research was developed from three analytical axes. The first deals with the relationship between access and retention in school, observing the obstacles in that direction. The second point of analysis takes into account the relationship between the Bolivian immigrants and families with the local school community especially teachers and other Brazilian students. There is a tension when it comes to contemporary international debate in the field of human rights involving universalism and particularism, equality and difference, which was considered during the development of all this study and particularly along this axis. The third and final axis draws on the families and their expectations regarding the school. What are the Bolivian immigrants\' expectations? What do mothers say about Brazilian school, what do they think about local teachers? A first assessment shows that, at least from a human rights perspective, there is still a long way to go. The universal right to education here is challenged by many kinds of violations and also by the silence that touches this issue - the lack of data, research and visibility hinder the realization of educational rights. For those who are illegally in the country, even though the law guarantees this right, the lack of documentation is still an obstacle to enter or even to leave the school. Bureaucracy, lack of information on educational rights and indifference to the fact they have other native languages are other barriers observed along this study. Once inside the school, the reports we collected showed important elements that characterize an environment that does not promote learning and challenges the promotion of human rights, with cases of prejudice, discrimination and violence.

Cette thèse propose une évaluation empirique de l'impact des transferts de fond des migrants (TFM) en matière de développement économique de leur pays d'origine. Elle démontre notamment que cet impact, supposé dans la littérature comme généralement positif, est susceptible d'être réduit en raison de l'existence d'un « effet de dépendance ». Cet effet est particulièrement développé dans les pays pour lesquels les TFM représentent une part importante du PIB. Ce résultat est obtenu en trois temps. Le premier chapitre propose une synthèse de la littérature sur les principaux déterminants et impacts des TFM. Les TFM sont déterminés par les comportements individuels, dont les effets sont observables à l'échelle macroéconomique. Le caractère peu volatile ou contracyclique des TFM leur confère un effet stabilisateur sur les économies receveuses. Cet effet positif a néanmoins un revers : les pays recevant des TFM peuvent connaitre un effet de dépendance aux TFM se traduisant par une diminution de leur activité économique. Le deuxième chapitre présente deux résultats : Premièrement, il propose la fixation d'un seuil empirique de dépendance aux TFM. Ainsi un ratio TFM/PIB supérieur à la moyenne des PED définit un pays comme fortement dépendant. Le second résultat est la confirmation d'un impact négatif de cette dépendance à partir d'une base de données en panel sur 32 pays. Les résultats infirment donc l'hypothèse d'un impact systématiquement positif des TFM sur la croissance du PIB et la formation brute de capitale fixe (FBCF). Le troisième chapitre étudie les impacts et déterminants des TFM dans le cas d'un pays fortement dépendant : le Tadjikistan. Cette étude de cas permet une analyse plus poussée de l'économie des TFM dans un pays fortement dépendant. Différents déterminants macroéconomiques sont testés afin de comparer le poids de l'activité économique russe et tadjike sur les TFM. Les résultats, robustes à différentes méthodes d'estimation, confirment un effet de dépendance aux TFM qui s'explique notamment par la supériorité du cycle économique russe sur le cycle tadjik dans la détermination des TFM. / This thesis provides an empirical assessment of the impact of migrants' remittances on economic development of their origin country of origin. It shows that this impact, assumed in the literature as generally positive, is likely to be reduced due to the existence of a "dependency effect". This effect is particularly important in countries where remittances are an important share of GDP. This demonstration takes place in three stages: The first chapter provides a literature survey on the main determinants and impacts of remittances. Remittances are determined by individual behaviours, whose effects are observable at the macro level. The low volatility and the cyclical nature of remittances give them a stabilizing effect on receiving economies. This positive effect has nevertheless a setback: the remittances receiving countries can be subject to a dependency effect, resulting in a decrease in economic activity. The second chapter presents two results: First, it proposes the establishment of an empirical threshold of remittances' dependency. Thus, a country heavily dependent is characterized by a remittances to GDP ratio above the average of developing countries. The second result is the confirmation of a negative impact of this dependency according to the results of a panel data analysis on 32 countries. The results refute the hypothesis of a consistently positive impact of remittances on GDP growth and on gross capital formation (GFCF). The third chapter examines the impact and determinants of TFM in the case of a country heavily dependent: Tajikistan. This case study provides further analysis of the economics of remittances. Different macroeconomic determinants are tested to compare the role of Russian and Tajik economic activities on remittances. The results, robust to different estimation methods, confirm the effect of dependency. Moreover, remittances are more determined by Russian economic activity than by the Tajik one.

En tant que sujets migrants, les Latino-américains sont surtout identifiés dans le contexte états-unien, où ils constituent une population étrangère importante. Pourtant, avec une importante évolution quantitative en Europe et en France, ils commencent à se faire une place dans les études européennes sur les migrations internationales. Si en raison de leurs liens culturels et historiques, les Latinos sont surtout présents dans des pays comme l’Espagne, le Portugal ou encore l’Italie, des communautés latino-américaines existent aussi en France. Parmi eux, la catégorie la plus visible est celle des exilés politiques issus des dictatures sud-américaines, dans une moindre mesure celle des étudiants internationaux et, depuis les années quatre-vingt, celle des migrants économiques. Considérés comme « exemple d’intégration », cette image idéalisée des réfugiés latino-américains laisse dans l’ombre certains aspects pourtant essentiels et inhérents à l’intégration, telle la participation dans la société d’accueil et surtout l’accès au marché de l’emploi. A l’appui des récits de vie, ce travail doctoral se propose d’analyser leurs parcours, avec une attention particulière aux stratégies qu’ils mettent en place pour rendre possible une insertion professionnelle de plus en plus restreinte par les politiques migratoires qui les concernent en tant que ressortissants non européens. Pour ce faire, notre discussion considère aussi bien l’élément subjectif (perceptions, expériences, ressources et stratégies mobilisés) que des éléments structurants et objectifs comme les politiques migratoires et les différents rapports sociaux établis dans le pays d’accueil. / As migrant subjects, Latin Americans are mostly identified in the US context, where they constitute a significant foreign population. However, with a significant quantitative evolution in Europe and France, they are beginning to find a place in European studies on international migration. If due to their cultural and historical ties, Latinos are mostly present in countries like Spain, Portugal or Italy, the Latin American communities also exist in France. Among them, political exiles from South American dictatorships is the most visible category. To a lesser extent, that of international students too, and since the 1980s, economic migrants emerged as a new profile. Considered as an "example of integration", this idealized image of Latin American refugees leaves behind certain aspects that are essential and inherent to integration, such as participation in the host society and especially access to the labor market. Supported by life stories, this doctoral research aims to analyze their life paths, with attention to the strategies they put in place to make possible a labor insertion increasingly restricted by the migration policies that concern them as non-European nationals. To do this, our discussion considers both the subjective element (perceptions, experiences, resources ans strategies mobilized) and the structuring ans objective elements such as migration policies and the different social relations migrants establish in the host country

Les migrations Sud-Nord et Sud-Sud sont une actualité brûlante, et les instruments juridiquescensés les réguler sont ignorés des peuples, et insuffisamment analysés par les juristes. Le rôle desÉtats, de leurs organisations régionales et internationales est fondamental dans l’élaboration d’un droitdes migrations internationales. La présente thèse identifie deux situations qui caractérisent lecomportement des États africains depuis leur accession à la souveraineté nationale. D’une part, un rôlede subordination vis-à-vis des États du Nord (1960 à 2006) selon lequel les États africains se sontcontentés de répondre favorablement aux politiques migratoires des États du Nord, sans exiger decontrepartie. D’autre part, depuis la conclusion des accords de réadmission, on assiste à une relativeémancipation de certains États africains. Ce sont surtout des États (Sénégal, Mali) aux traditionsmigratoires Sud-Nord plus anciennes qui exigent désormais des contreparties avant la conclusion denouvelles conventions. Le comportement de ces États est influencé par une opinion publique nationaleplus sensible à la question migratoire en raison de l’ampleur des transferts financiers des travailleursmigrants vers leurs pays d’origine et une diaspora éclairée fortement installée dans les États du Nord.Par ailleurs, l’étude met en exergue les contradictions des organisations communautaires ouestafricainessur la question migratoire. L’UEMOA et la CEDEAO sont prises en étau, entre promotionde la libre circulation, du droit de résidence et d’établissement des personnes dans des espacesmigratoires en réalité concurrentiels, et en même temps acceptation des rôles de gardes frontièresextérieures de l’Union européenne. / The South-North and South-South migrations constitute one of the burning hot newstoday, whereas the supposed legal instruments to control them are unknown by people, andinsufficientthy analyzed by lawyers. The role of implied States, regional community agencies andinternational institutions, is howewer foundamental in the recognition or the refusal of migrantworkers’rights. The present thesis identifies two situations which characterize the behavior of manyAfrican States since their accession to national and international sovereignty. On the one hand, AfricanStates played a role of subordination, with respect to the States of the North (from 1960 to 2006),through which they were satisfied with answering favorably to the migratory policies of WesternStates, without requiring any counterpart. On the other hand, this study shows a relative emancipationof certain African States since the conclusion of re-admission agreements. Those are States (Senegaland Mali) with older South-North migratory traditions, which require from now on counterparts beforethe signature of new conventions. The behavior of those States is also influenced by a national opinionmore sensitive to the migratory question and a well-educated diaspora strongly settled in the NorthenStates. Lastly, the survey puts forward contradictions of the West African Community orgazations onthe migratory issue. UEMOA and ECOWAS organizations taken out of wice between the promotingfreedom of movement and that of right of residence as well as establishment of people in migratoryspaces actually competing each other, and ensuring at the same time the role of external guard-bordersfor the European Union

La France connait une nouvelle vague d’immigration depuis la fin des années 1990, caractérisée par une diversification de profils de migrants en termes de pays d’origine, motifs de migration,situations familiales… Dans la mesure où l’impact de ces transformations dans le domaine familial a fait peu l’objet de recherches jusque-là, l’objectif de cette thèse a été de comprendre les expériences des enfants de ces migrants.Plusieurs étapes dans les parcours des enfants de migrants ont été identifiées : la migration initiale des parents, l’expérience de la vie au sein d’une famille transnationale, l’éventuelle migration de l’enfant en France et la reconnaissance légale dans le pays d’immigration. Chacune d’elles a fait l’objet d’une analyse quantitative en s’appuyant sur de multiples sources de données, dont les enquêtes auprès des populations migrantes (MGIS, TeO, ELIPA) et les données administratives issues de procédures ciblant les familles migrantes (versement des prestations aux familles résidant à l’étranger, bénéficiaires de la procédure de regroupement familial). Les profils de familles migrantes se sont diversifiés, en grande partie sous l’effet de la multiplication des pays d’origine en France aujourd’hui. Ces nouvelles familles migrantes où la seule mère ou les deux parents migrent simultanément se différencient en termes de projets migratoires de leurs prédécesseurs et sont plus souvent accompagnés ou rejoints par leurs enfants. L’étape de vie familiale à distance pouvant correspondre à une période assez longue parle passé est transitoire pour nombre d’entre elles, mais également associée à des configurations familiales plus complexes. Le contexte légal marqué par une régulation croissante du phénomène migratoire détermine les conditions légales de ces enfants à l’arrivée en France,caractérisée alors par davantage d’incertitude. / France has experienced a new immigration wave since the end of the 1990s, characterized by a diversification of migrants’ profiles in terms of their countries of origin, migration motives, family situations... As the impact of these transformations in the area of family migration has been relatively under-investigated, the aim of this thesis was to understand the experiences of these migrants' children.We identified several stages in the journey of the children of migrants: the parents’ initial migration, the experience of life in a transnational family, the possible migration of the child to France and his or her legal recognition at destination. Each of these stages has been the subject of a quantitative analysis based on multiple data sources, including surveys among the migrant population (MGIS, TeO, ELIPA) and administrative data derived from procedures targeting migrant families (payment of benefits to families residing abroad, beneficiaries of the family reunification procedure). Profiles of migrant families have diversified, largely as a result of the multiplication of the countries of origin in France today. These new migrant families, where only the mother or both parents migrate simultaneously, differ in terms of their migration projects from their predecessors and are more often accompanied or joined by their children. The transnational family stage that may have corresponded to a fairly long period in the past, is transitory for many of them, but also associated with more complex family configurations. The legal context,characterized by the increasing regulation of migration, determines the children’s legal conditions upon arrival in France, which are defined by more uncertainty.

O Brasil possui uma Política Migratória? Caso possua uma política, ou mesmo que a resposta estatal ao fenômeno migratório seja fragmentada, quais são os parâmetros que a orientam? As respostas a essas perguntas constituem o objeto final deste estudo. Respondê-las satisfatoriamente pressupõe a compreensão do que é uma política migratória e quais são as suas finalidades. Assim, o primeiro capítulo deste trabalho destina-se a investigar o que é uma Política Migratória e, para tanto, encontra-se divido em duas seções. Na primeira, é realizada uma abordagem teórica sobre o conceito de Política Migratória, em que diversas perspectivas sobre o tema serão analisadas. Na segunda seção, são compilados alguns estudos de casos em que autores trataram de analisar a Política Migratória de determinados países. O objetivo dessa investigação é identificar o que foi considerado \"Política Migratória\" para cada um desses autores ao realizarem seus estudos. Dessa forma, ao final do primeiro capítulo, e a partir da confrontação das teorias propostas com as análises empíricas observadas, será apresentada uma crítica sobre o que se considera uma \"Política Migratória\" e serão definidos os parâmetros para a análise da Política Migratória brasileira. O segundo capítulo deste trabalho consiste precisamente na análise da Política Migratória brasileira, norteada e delimitada pelos critérios discutidos no capítulo anterior. Sua primeira seção é dedicada à análise dos estudos produzidos sobre a Política Migratória brasileira. Em seguida, serão identificados os textos normativos que a definem. Assim, pretende-se responder ao final deste trabalho qual é a Política Migratória brasileira, como se manifesta e quais são os seus objetivos, a fim de discernir quais são os seus limites e desafios. / Brazil has a migration policy? If it has a policy, or even if the state\'s response to the migration phenomenon is fragmented, what are the parameters that it follows? To answer these questions are the final object of this study and do it satisfactorily presupposes an understanding of what a migration policy is and what are their purposes. Thus, the first chapter of this work is intended to investigate what a migration policy is and, therefore, it is divided into two sections. In the first, a theoretical approach is performed on the concept of migration policy, in which diverse perspectives on the topic will be analyzed. The second section is compiled case studies in which the authors tried to analyze the migration policy of certain countries. The goal of this research is to identify what was considered \"Migration Policy\" for each of these authors on conducting their studies. Thus, at the end of the first chapter, and from the confrontation of the proposed theories with empirical analyzes observed, will be presented a critique of what is considered a \"Migration Policy\" and will be defined the parameters for the analysis of Brazilian migration policy. The second chapter of this work consists precisely in the analysis of Brazilian migration policy, guided and defined by the criteria discussed in the previous chapter. Its first section is devoted to the analysis of academic studies on the Brazilian migration policy. Then will be identified the normative texts that defines it. Thus, at the end of this work will be answered what is the Brazilian migration policy and what are your goals in order to discern what are its limitations and its challenges.

O Brasil possui uma Política Migratória? Caso possua uma política, ou mesmo que a resposta estatal ao fenômeno migratório seja fragmentada, quais são os parâmetros que a orientam? As respostas a essas perguntas constituem o objeto final deste estudo. Respondê-las satisfatoriamente pressupõe a compreensão do que é uma política migratória e quais são as suas finalidades. Assim, o primeiro capítulo deste trabalho destina-se a investigar o que é uma Política Migratória e, para tanto, encontra-se divido em duas seções. Na primeira, é realizada uma abordagem teórica sobre o conceito de Política Migratória, em que diversas perspectivas sobre o tema serão analisadas. Na segunda seção, são compilados alguns estudos de casos em que autores trataram de analisar a Política Migratória de determinados países. O objetivo dessa investigação é identificar o que foi considerado \"Política Migratória\" para cada um desses autores ao realizarem seus estudos. Dessa forma, ao final do primeiro capítulo, e a partir da confrontação das teorias propostas com as análises empíricas observadas, será apresentada uma crítica sobre o que se considera uma \"Política Migratória\" e serão definidos os parâmetros para a análise da Política Migratória brasileira. O segundo capítulo deste trabalho consiste precisamente na análise da Política Migratória brasileira, norteada e delimitada pelos critérios discutidos no capítulo anterior. Sua primeira seção é dedicada à análise dos estudos produzidos sobre a Política Migratória brasileira. Em seguida, serão identificados os textos normativos que a definem. Assim, pretende-se responder ao final deste trabalho qual é a Política Migratória brasileira, como se manifesta e quais são os seus objetivos, a fim de discernir quais são os seus limites e desafios. / Brazil has a migration policy? If it has a policy, or even if the state\'s response to the migration phenomenon is fragmented, what are the parameters that it follows? To answer these questions are the final object of this study and do it satisfactorily presupposes an understanding of what a migration policy is and what are their purposes. Thus, the first chapter of this work is intended to investigate what a migration policy is and, therefore, it is divided into two sections. In the first, a theoretical approach is performed on the concept of migration policy, in which diverse perspectives on the topic will be analyzed. The second section is compiled case studies in which the authors tried to analyze the migration policy of certain countries. The goal of this research is to identify what was considered \"Migration Policy\" for each of these authors on conducting their studies. Thus, at the end of the first chapter, and from the confrontation of the proposed theories with empirical analyzes observed, will be presented a critique of what is considered a \"Migration Policy\" and will be defined the parameters for the analysis of Brazilian migration policy. The second chapter of this work consists precisely in the analysis of Brazilian migration policy, guided and defined by the criteria discussed in the previous chapter. Its first section is devoted to the analysis of academic studies on the Brazilian migration policy. Then will be identified the normative texts that defines it. Thus, at the end of this work will be answered what is the Brazilian migration policy and what are your goals in order to discern what are its limitations and its challenges.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T20:21:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcus Vinicius Fraga.pdf: 2197664 bytes, checksum: f6f1dfc1a96e46f3213464da1a4a1583 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work presents the migration of Brazilians to Quebec. By studying the immigration in Quebec under the context of Canadian asymmetrical federalism, we seek to understand what gave rise to the immigration policy of the French-Canadian province. We aim to have the theoretical support needed to understand the reasons why middle-class Brazilians are attracted to Quebec. After applying socioeconomical questionnaires and qualitative interviews, we believe that social reasons a poor quality of public services, urban violence, and doughts about the Brazilian political system have developed this flow / Esta dissertação apresenta o fluxo migratório de brasileiros para Quebec. Através do estudo da política de imigração de Quebec no contexto do modelo canadense de federalismo assimétrico, buscamos entender o que deu ensejo à política de imigração da província francocanadense. Objetivamos, com isso, ter o respaldo teórico necessário para compreender os motivos que levam brasileiros de classe média a serem atraídos para Quebec. Após a aplicação de questionários socioeconômicos e de entrevistas qualitativas, acreditamos que razões sociais a precária oferta de serviços públicos, a violência urbana, e a descrença da população no sistema político nacional são fomentadores desse fluxo

O enfoque deste trabalho é a análise da comunidade nipo-brasileira da cidade de São Paulo (o local) e o impacto do movimento decasségui (o global) nessa comunidade no Brasil. Para tanto, separamos a análise entre grupos externos à comunidade (a sociedade brasileira e o estereótipo positivo no Brasil, e a sociedade japonesa e o estereótipo negativo no Japão) e os grupos internos (a população decasségui, e as gerações mais novas de nipo-brasileiros). Ambos os grupos atuam como forças externas e internas na comunidade, de modo que o que está em jogo em todas essas relações de forças, do ponto de vista de parte da comunidade nipo-brasileira, é a manutenção de seu estereótipo positivo formado no Brasil ao longo de décadas desde o início da imigração japonesa ao Brasil em 1908. Dentro desse quadro, optou-se por fazer uma análise mais voltada para os grupos internos, pois o que realmente interessa são as tensões internas à comunidade, ou seja, o modo como a comunidade lida com essas tensões tentando manter ou preservar seu estereótipo positivo no Brasil. Em relação aos grupos internos, estes possuem terminologias próprias que provam a existência de tensões e diferenças internas que formam o todo conhecido como comunidade nipo-brasileira, de modo que a questão terminológica se torna essencial para compreender as relações entre os grupos / The focus of this work is the analysis of Japanese-Brazilian community of São Paulo city (local) and the impact of dekassegui movement (global) in this community in Brazil. Therefore, we separate the analysis in external groups to community (the Brazilian society and the positive stereotype in Brazil, and Japanese society and the negative stereotype in Japan) and the internal groups (dekassegui population; youngest generations, and the persistence of ethnicity among them). Both groups act like external and internal forces in the community. What is at stake in all these forces relations, from the standpoint of part of the Japanese-Brazilian community, is the maintenance of the positive stereotype that was formed in Brazil for decades since the beginning of Japanese immigration to Brazil in 1908. Within this framework, it was chosen for a dense analysis of internal force (rather than external force), because, what really matters are the community internal tensions, in other words, the way that community deals with those tensions trying to maintain or preserve their positive stereotype in Brazil. With regard to internal groups, they have their own terminology that prove the existence of internal tensions and differences that form the whole community known as the Japanese-Brazilians, so the question of terminology becomes essential to understand the relations between the groups.