Chinese construction firms like any other construction firms, have to face a lot of challenges when dealing with the African construction environment, but unlike the others their success is heavily related to the network they have with their government as well as the African local government. A successful project marketing couple with a good mapping network as well as a clear understanding of the African business environment will then be the tools to be effectively competitive in that market. The main problem arising is therefore how Chinese construction firms can use project marketing to achieve a tangible competitive advantage against their competitors. Angola, an African country, was used as our single-case study. While relying on secondary data, we have discovered a country where most of the institutions were not fully established yet, and where the construction market was influenced to a certain level by the bilateral agreements between the Angolan government and the country of origin of the companies involved. Such bilateral agreements are closely related to the oil production of Angola. Our findings indicate that Chinese government is of great influence when it comes to the project marketing of Chinese construction firms before and after entering Angola but also that Chinese construction firms are already competitive in the market. Our conclusion on how a construction firm can be successful in African countries using project marketing is explained in a model that we have created for every company wishing to invest in the African construction market. Africa countries are nowadays a profitable market for construction firms and the availability of funds from the bilateral agreements makes those construction projects affordable for the African government. That is why we came into the conclusion that not only a good understanding of the African environment may help the construction firms succeed but also a strategic use of project marketing.

<p>Chinese construction firms like any other construction firms, have to face a lot of challenges when dealing with the African construction environment, but unlike the others their success is heavily related to the network they have with their government as well as the African local government. A successful project marketing couple with a good mapping network as well as a clear understanding of the African business environment will then be the tools to be effectively competitive in that market. The main problem arising is therefore how Chinese construction firms can use project marketing to achieve a tangible competitive advantage against their competitors.</p><p>Angola, an African country, was used as our single-case study. While relying on secondary data, we have discovered a country where most of the institutions were not fully established yet, and where the construction market was influenced to a certain level by the bilateral agreements between the Angolan government and the country of origin of the companies involved. Such bilateral agreements are closely related to the oil production of Angola. Our findings indicate that Chinese government is of great influence when it comes to the project marketing of Chinese construction firms before and after entering Angola but also that Chinese construction firms are already competitive in the market. Our conclusion on how a construction firm can be successful in African countries using project marketing is explained in a model that we have created for every company wishing to invest in the African construction market.</p><p>Africa countries are nowadays a profitable market for construction firms and the availability of funds from the bilateral agreements makes those construction projects affordable for the African government. That is why we came into the conclusion that not only a good understanding of the African environment may help the construction firms succeed but also a strategic use of project marketing.</p>

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A disponibilidade de energia a preços competitivos é fundamental para a competitividade dos produtos da indústria nacional, que está imersa num ambiente concorrencial interno e externo. Essa indústria tem inserção maciça no cotidiano de toda sociedade, contribuindo decisivamente para o bom andamento da economia brasileira. O Modelo Setorial permite a um grande consumidor optar pela contratação de energia de forma regulada ou livre, pelo que a análise da melhor estratégia de contratação torna-se fundamental. No presente trabalho, é realizado o mapeamento da composição dos preços praticados no Ambiente de Contratação Livre (ACL) e Ambiente de Contratação Regulado (ACR). As regras são definidas através da análise da legislação setorial e do comportamento observado dos agentes de mercado. Após essa etapa, são realizadas simulações, partindo de premissas macroeconômicas e setoriais, que fornecem projeções de preços para ambos os ambientes e, por fim, realizadas comparações entre as diversas estratégias de contratação. / The availability of electrical energy at competitive prices is of fundamental importance for the competitiveness of products in each industry field, considering the strong competition in internal and external markets. The industry production plays an important role in society everyday life, contributing decisively to the smooth running of the Brazilian economy. Taking into account this perspective, the Brazilian electrical sector institutional model allows a big consumer to have the option to satisfy his energy needs in the regulated or free market. Therefore, the analysis of the best contracting strategy becomes crucial. In this work, the energy pricing in Regulated Contracting Market (ACR) and in the Free Contracting Market (ACL) is deeply analyzed. The rules are defined through the analysis of the electrical sector legislation and the observed behavior of market players. After this stage, simulations are performed considering sector and macroeconomic assumptions, which provide spot prices forecast and long term energy prices forecast for both environments and, finally, comparisons between the different contracting strategies are established.

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the economic development of Australia and New Zealand at the end of the 1980's and beginning of the 1990's and its impact on both countries' status in the Asia-Pacific region. This study consists of three chapters. The first chapter deals with the undergone microeconomic and macroeconomic reforms at the end of the 1980's and throughout the 1990's and discusses the economic situation before and after the changes. The second chapter analyses the history of and current relations between Australia, New Zealand and countries and regional groups in the Asia-Pacific region (China, Japan, South Korea, APEC, ASEAN and EAS). The chapter also pays close attention to areas that have the potential to strengthen relations and cooperation in the future. The third chapter analyses Australia's and New Zealand's relationship with the European Union and investigates possibilities of strengthening the European Union's position in the Asia-Pacific region via EU-Australia-New Zealand relations.

A disponibilidade de energia a preços competitivos é fundamental para a competitividade dos produtos da indústria nacional, que está imersa num ambiente concorrencial interno e externo. Essa indústria tem inserção maciça no cotidiano de toda sociedade, contribuindo decisivamente para o bom andamento da economia brasileira. O Modelo Setorial permite a um grande consumidor optar pela contratação de energia de forma regulada ou livre, pelo que a análise da melhor estratégia de contratação torna-se fundamental. No presente trabalho, é realizado o mapeamento da composição dos preços praticados no Ambiente de Contratação Livre (ACL) e Ambiente de Contratação Regulado (ACR). As regras são definidas através da análise da legislação setorial e do comportamento observado dos agentes de mercado. Após essa etapa, são realizadas simulações, partindo de premissas macroeconômicas e setoriais, que fornecem projeções de preços para ambos os ambientes e, por fim, realizadas comparações entre as diversas estratégias de contratação. / The availability of electrical energy at competitive prices is of fundamental importance for the competitiveness of products in each industry field, considering the strong competition in internal and external markets. The industry production plays an important role in society everyday life, contributing decisively to the smooth running of the Brazilian economy. Taking into account this perspective, the Brazilian electrical sector institutional model allows a big consumer to have the option to satisfy his energy needs in the regulated or free market. Therefore, the analysis of the best contracting strategy becomes crucial. In this work, the energy pricing in Regulated Contracting Market (ACR) and in the Free Contracting Market (ACL) is deeply analyzed. The rules are defined through the analysis of the electrical sector legislation and the observed behavior of market players. After this stage, simulations are performed considering sector and macroeconomic assumptions, which provide spot prices forecast and long term energy prices forecast for both environments and, finally, comparisons between the different contracting strategies are established.

Les migrations Sud-Nord et Sud-Sud sont une actualité brûlante, et les instruments juridiquescensés les réguler sont ignorés des peuples, et insuffisamment analysés par les juristes. Le rôle desÉtats, de leurs organisations régionales et internationales est fondamental dans l’élaboration d’un droitdes migrations internationales. La présente thèse identifie deux situations qui caractérisent lecomportement des États africains depuis leur accession à la souveraineté nationale. D’une part, un rôlede subordination vis-à-vis des États du Nord (1960 à 2006) selon lequel les États africains se sontcontentés de répondre favorablement aux politiques migratoires des États du Nord, sans exiger decontrepartie. D’autre part, depuis la conclusion des accords de réadmission, on assiste à une relativeémancipation de certains États africains. Ce sont surtout des États (Sénégal, Mali) aux traditionsmigratoires Sud-Nord plus anciennes qui exigent désormais des contreparties avant la conclusion denouvelles conventions. Le comportement de ces États est influencé par une opinion publique nationaleplus sensible à la question migratoire en raison de l’ampleur des transferts financiers des travailleursmigrants vers leurs pays d’origine et une diaspora éclairée fortement installée dans les États du Nord.Par ailleurs, l’étude met en exergue les contradictions des organisations communautaires ouestafricainessur la question migratoire. L’UEMOA et la CEDEAO sont prises en étau, entre promotionde la libre circulation, du droit de résidence et d’établissement des personnes dans des espacesmigratoires en réalité concurrentiels, et en même temps acceptation des rôles de gardes frontièresextérieures de l’Union européenne. / The South-North and South-South migrations constitute one of the burning hot newstoday, whereas the supposed legal instruments to control them are unknown by people, andinsufficientthy analyzed by lawyers. The role of implied States, regional community agencies andinternational institutions, is howewer foundamental in the recognition or the refusal of migrantworkers’rights. The present thesis identifies two situations which characterize the behavior of manyAfrican States since their accession to national and international sovereignty. On the one hand, AfricanStates played a role of subordination, with respect to the States of the North (from 1960 to 2006),through which they were satisfied with answering favorably to the migratory policies of WesternStates, without requiring any counterpart. On the other hand, this study shows a relative emancipationof certain African States since the conclusion of re-admission agreements. Those are States (Senegaland Mali) with older South-North migratory traditions, which require from now on counterparts beforethe signature of new conventions. The behavior of those States is also influenced by a national opinionmore sensitive to the migratory question and a well-educated diaspora strongly settled in the NorthenStates. Lastly, the survey puts forward contradictions of the West African Community orgazations onthe migratory issue. UEMOA and ECOWAS organizations taken out of wice between the promotingfreedom of movement and that of right of residence as well as establishment of people in migratoryspaces actually competing each other, and ensuring at the same time the role of external guard-bordersfor the European Union

O Direito da Concorrência e o Direito Internacional da Concorrência são recentes ramos na história da Ciência Jurídica. A dimensão unilateral do Direito Internacional da Concorrência relaciona-se à aplicação extraterritorial das legislações de defesa da concorrência, o que desencadeia problemas e limitações no plano internacional. Não existe regramento multilateral para a regulação da matéria concorrencial no plano internacional. Na dimensão regional são considerados os acordos regionais (Mercosul, União Europeia e NAFTA). No plano bilateral são encontrados os casos mais concretos de aplicação do Direito Internacional da Concorrência, os quais atualmente relacionam-se a processos de cooperação jurídica internacional. Há um amplo espaço para avanço na regulação da cooperação internacional em sede de atos de concentração multijurisdicionais. / Competition Law and International Competition Law are recently developed branches of the legal sciences. The unilateral dimension of the International Competition Law relates to the extraterritorial enforcement of competition laws, which causes problems and limitations on the international arena. There is a lack of multilateral set of rules for the competition regulation at an international level. The regional agreements shall be considered at regional dimension (Mercosur, European Union and NAFTA). The most concrete cases for the application of the International Competition Law are found at the bilateral level, which are currently related to the international legal cooperation process. There is a wide range for development on the regulation of the international cooperation in relation to the multijurisdictional concentration acts.

O Direito da Concorrência e o Direito Internacional da Concorrência são recentes ramos na história da Ciência Jurídica. A dimensão unilateral do Direito Internacional da Concorrência relaciona-se à aplicação extraterritorial das legislações de defesa da concorrência, o que desencadeia problemas e limitações no plano internacional. Não existe regramento multilateral para a regulação da matéria concorrencial no plano internacional. Na dimensão regional são considerados os acordos regionais (Mercosul, União Europeia e NAFTA). No plano bilateral são encontrados os casos mais concretos de aplicação do Direito Internacional da Concorrência, os quais atualmente relacionam-se a processos de cooperação jurídica internacional. Há um amplo espaço para avanço na regulação da cooperação internacional em sede de atos de concentração multijurisdicionais. / Competition Law and International Competition Law are recently developed branches of the legal sciences. The unilateral dimension of the International Competition Law relates to the extraterritorial enforcement of competition laws, which causes problems and limitations on the international arena. There is a lack of multilateral set of rules for the competition regulation at an international level. The regional agreements shall be considered at regional dimension (Mercosur, European Union and NAFTA). The most concrete cases for the application of the International Competition Law are found at the bilateral level, which are currently related to the international legal cooperation process. There is a wide range for development on the regulation of the international cooperation in relation to the multijurisdictional concentration acts.

This paper attempts to determine the theoretical requirements for a non-state actor to give peacekeepers to a Member state of the United Nations, who would in turn give those peacekeepers to the United Nations. The paper examines two case studies, specifically the contract between Blackwater and the United States Department of State and the SHIRBRIG series of treaties. The paper finds that there is some overlap between a Member state’s needs and a non-state actor’s needs and that there is a theoretical possibility of the donation stated above taking place.