The thesis defines legal status of Liechtenstein in the European Economic Area. It is divided into three consecutive chapters. The first chapter consists of two parts - general and economic characteristics of Liechtenstein. The general characteristic is based on the author's experience supported by scientific literature, while economic subchapter is based largely on statistical data. The second chapter focuses on the legal status of Liechtenstein and its position on international scene. The position is viewed from two perspectives, which affects it the most. First, from the perspective of participation in selected international organizations and second, the influence of close relationship with Switzerland. The last chapter analyses international litigation to which Liechtenstein is a party. The aim of this thesis is to define the legal relations of Liechtenstein, which forms its position, using the methods of analysis.

Ce travail porte sur une étude de l’efficacité des régimes protecteurs d’investissements directs étrangers actuellement au Cambodge, en faisant une comparaison avec ceux connus des pays étrangers, spécialement de la France. La protection internationale des investisseurs directs étrangers se définit comme l’ensemble des principes et des règles, de droit international comme de droit interne, qui ont pour objet ou pour effet d’empêcher ou de réprimer toute atteinte publique à l’existence ou à la consistance de l’investissement international. La sécurité de l’investisseur étranger est un point essentiel pour attirer des investissements internationaux. L’atteinte publique ou une mesure prise par le Cambodge ne peut pas créer des obstacles à l’investissement étranger. En voulant protéger mieux des investisseurs directs étrangers, le Cambodge est en train de se doter de règles juridiques, spécialement le droit des investissements afin d’attirer des investisseurs étrangers. C’est la raison pour laquelle, le Cambodge a adhéré à l’Association des Nations de l’Asie du Sud-Est (ANASE ou ASEAN) en 1999 et à l’OMC le 13 octobre 2004. Le Cambodge coopère également avec d’autre Pays en concluant des conventions bilatérales dans la matière de la protection de l’investissement. / This work focuses on a study of the effectiveness of the current legal rules which protect foreign direct investments in Cambodia, by making a comparison with the foreign countries’ legal rules, especially the French legal rules. The international protection of foreign direct investment is defined as the set of principles and rules of international law and domestic law, which have as their object or effect of preventing or suppressing any public detriment to the existence or consistency of international investment. The security of the foreign investor is a key point for attracting international investments. Public involvement or action taken by Cambodia can not create barriers to foreign investment. In wanting to better protect foreign direct investors, Cambodia is establishing legal rules, especially the investment law to attract foreign investors. That is why, Cambodia joined the Association of Asian Nations Southeast (ASEAN) in 1999 and the WTO on October 13, 2004. Cambodia also cooperates with another Country by concluding bilateral agreements in the field of the protection of the investment.

Coordination of social security by bilateral agreements on social security is a specific area of international law that is essential to pay attention to. Czech Republic has up to now signed 16 bilateral agreements that are valid in their entirety. This thesis focuses on these 16 bilateral agreements and compares them with Regulation (EC) 883/2004 which became valid as the Czech Republic became member of European Union and which replaced bilateral agreements that were concluded with member states of European Union. The aim of this thesis is to perform a detailed analysis and to answer on following questions that are directly related to this issue. Firstly the thesis focuses on personal scale and answers a question of who is covered by bilateral agreements. Secondly the thesis focuses on material scale and answers a question of what subsystems are covered by agreements and compares them with the principles applied by Regulation (EC) 883/2004. Finally the thesis deals with a question of a future possible approach to coordination of social security in a global scale. It can be concluded that bilateral agreements concluded by the Czech Republic are each unique legal instruments. Therefore it is essential to study each agreement separately and not to make conclusions based on general knowledge of the issue.

L’investissement étranger est considéré aujourd’hui comme un facteur clé voire une valeur ajoutée à même de faciliter le développement de l’État d’accueil. Ainsi, l'État congolais mise sur l’amélioration de son arsenal juridique interne dont l’objectif consiste à attirer de nombreux investisseurs et investissements étrangers sur son territoire. Pour ce faire, des réformes tendant à l’amélioration de principaux textes juridiques applicables directement ou indirectement en matière d’admission et de sécurisation des investissements étrangers afin de se conformer aux standards internationaux deviennent une obsession pour cet État, dont la finalité demeure : la valorisation de ses ressources naturelles notamment le cobalt, le germanium et la colombo-tantalite etc. très souvent inexploitées et utile à même de servir à la production des batteries pour les voitures électriques. Il serait donc nécessaire désormais que le contrôle de l’État souverain sur ses ressources naturelles considérées comme des minerais stratégiques soit davantage renforcé et que le contentieux en matière d’investissement soit confié à des entités qui prennent en compte l’intérêt général au détriment des arbitrages sous l’égide des arbitres privés, défendant les intérêts privés. Ainsi, la création d’un Centre international africain de règlement des différends pourrait être profitable notamment en permettant aux experts africains - tant arbitres qu’avocats - d’être plus présents dans le cadre des procédures impliquant leurs États d’origine / Foreign investment is now considered a key factor or even an added value that can facilitate the development of the host country. Thus, the Congolese State is focusing on improving its domestic legal arsenal, the objective of which is to attract many foreign investors and investments to its territory. To this end, reforms aimed at improving the main legal texts directly or indirectly applicable to the admission and security of foreign investments in order to comply with international standards are becoming an obsession for this State, the purpose of which remains: the development of its natural resources, in particular cobalt, germanium and colombo-tantalite etc., which are very often unexploited and useful for the production of batteries for electric cars. It would therefore now be necessary for the sovereign State to strengthen its control over its natural resources considered as strategic minerals and for investment litigation to be entrusted to entities that take into account the general interest to the detriment of arbitrations under the aegis of private arbitrators, defending private interests. Thus, the creation of an African International Dispute Resolution Centre could be beneficial, in particular by allowing African experts - both arbitrators and lawyers - to be more present in proceedings involving their States of origin

This dissertation deals with international transport law and looks at the development of bilateral air service agreements governing international scheduled flights from their inception after the Chicago Conference of 1944 until the present day. The Chicago Conference left a legacy of separation in airline services. Scheduled and nonscheduled flights came into existence and bilateral agreements are needed to regulate international scheduled services. The relationship between the state and its designated airline forms the pivot of the bilateral relationship. However, the aviation relationship between state and airline and between states inter se face challenges as globalisation and development take place in the air transport industry. New methods of cooperation now exist which need to be adapted to suit the needs of individual countries and airlines. South Africa has accepted the challenges of development and undertaken modern methods of cooperation such as code-sharing. / Law / LL.M.

This dissertation deals with international transport law and looks at the development of bilateral air service agreements governing international scheduled flights from their inception after the Chicago Conference of 1944 until the present day. The Chicago Conference left a legacy of separation in airline services. Scheduled and nonscheduled flights came into existence and bilateral agreements are needed to regulate international scheduled services. The relationship between the state and its designated airline forms the pivot of the bilateral relationship. However, the aviation relationship between state and airline and between states inter se face challenges as globalisation and development take place in the air transport industry. New methods of cooperation now exist which need to be adapted to suit the needs of individual countries and airlines. South Africa has accepted the challenges of development and undertaken modern methods of cooperation such as code-sharing. / Law / LL.M.