Este trabalho de pesquisa visa a verificar quais fatores psicossociais presentes em determinado ambiente favorecem ou determinam a fixação de uma nova interpretação de um texto ou situação. Tomou-se como base o experimento de Stanley Milgram realizado para determinação dos fatores que impõem um determinado comportamento. A pesquisa comprova a hipótese de que os fatores que impõem comportamentos também estão presentes na imposição de uma determinada interpretação. Para tanto, no primeiro capítulo, analisou-se o experimento realizado por Milgram na Universidade de Yale em 1962 a respeito da obediência à autoridade, e deste experimento retirou-se as variáveis determinantes do comportamento dos voluntários. No capítulo segundo analisou-se os escritos sectários da comunidade do Mar Morto, especificamente a de Qumran, verificando que houve mudanças de interpretação do texto canônico tomando como referência o livro de Habacuque. No terceiro capítulo apresenta-se a comprovação que os mesmos fatores presentes no experimento de Milgram se encontravam na comunidade de Qumran e que estes foram refletidos nos textos sectários. Também são apresentados outros eventos históricos que evidenciam a presença das variáveis estudadas confirmando a hipótese. Na sequência, apresentam-se sugestões de análise complementar que podem direcionar uma futura investigação científica. / The aim of this research is to verify which psychosocial factors present in a certain environment determine or favour the establishment of a new interpretation of a text or situation. The Stanley Milgram experiment to determine which factors impose certain behaviors was used as the starting point. This research proves the hypothesis that the factors which impose behaviors are also present in imposing a specific interpretation. For this purpose, in the first chapter, the experiment carried out by Milgram in Yale University in the year 1962 concerning the obedience to authority was analyzed, and from this experiment were drawn the variables which determine the behavior of the volunteers. In the second chapter, the sectarian scriptures of the Dead Sea community, specifically of Qumran were analyzed, verifying that changes of interpretation of the canonical text occurred, focusing on the book of Habakkuk. In the third chapter it is demonstrated that the same factors presented in the Milgram experiment were found in the Qumran community and were reflected in the sectarian texts. Other historical events are also shown which provide evidence of the same variables confirming the hypothesis. In sequence, some suggestions are made for further future scientific analysis.

Inverse problems occur in a wide variety of applications and are an active area of research in many disciplines. We consider inverse problems for a broad class of nonlinear systems of partial differential equations (PDEs). We develop collage-based approaches for solving inverse problems for nonlinear PDEs of elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic type. The original collage method for solving inverse problems was developed in [29] with broad application, in particular to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Using a consequence of Banach’s fixed point theorem, the collage theorem, one can bound the approximation error above by the so-called collage distance, which is more readily minimizable. By minimizing the collage distance the approximation error can be controlled. In the case of nonlinear PDEs we consider the weak formulation of the PDE and make use of the nonlinear Lax-Milgram representation theorem and Galerkin approximation theory in order to develop a similar upper-bound on the approximation error. Supporting background theory, including weak solution theory,is presented and example problems are solved for each type of PDE to showcase the methods in practice. Numerical techniques and considerations are discussed and results are presented. To demonstrate the practical applicability of this work, we study two real-world applications. First, we investigate a model for the migration of three fish species through floodplain waters. A development of the mathematical model is presented and a collage-based method is applied to this model to recover the diffusion parameters. Theoretical and numerical particulars are discussed and results are presented. Finally, we investigate a model for the “Gao beam”, a nonlinear beam model that incorporates the possibility of buckling. The mathematical model is developed and the weak formulation is discussed. An inverse problem that seeks the flexural rigidity of the beam is solved and results are presented. Finally, we discuss avenues of future research arising from this work. / Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Department of Mathematics & Statistics

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-06T12:56:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TATIANA ROCHA DE SOUZA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2005..pdf: 635145 bytes, checksum: 84477cb78515ac5241ef5b362a0ff141 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-06T12:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TATIANA ROCHA DE SOUZA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGMAT 2005..pdf: 635145 bytes, checksum: 84477cb78515ac5241ef5b362a0ff141 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-08 / Capes / Neste trabalho estudamos a eficiência do Método de Galerkin na resolução de problemas e sistemas Elípticos lineares, não-lineares, variacionias e não-variacionais. / In this work we study the Galerkin Method efficiency in solving of linear, nonlinear, variational and nonvariational Elliptic problems and Elliptic systems.

This graduation work is concerned with newly developing media formats, focusing on the reality show format. Introduction chapters theoretically describe theses from selected philosophical works of Vilém Flusser, which are mainly thoughts included in his interpretation of technical pictures philosophy. Further chapters follow this topic and try to link it with the reality show format. This format is defined and supplemented with specific examples. The graduation work is then concluded with chapters that introduce the reality show from a social-psychological point of view. These chapters are based on examples of psychological experiments, the results of which are applicable to certain situations which could occur within a reality show. The conclusion of the graduation work comprises the overall assessment of the reality show format in connection with the philosophy of technical pictures and outcomes of psychological experiments.

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This study examines the phenomenon of abusive violence (AV) in the context of the American Post-9/11 Counter-terrorism and Counter-insurgency campaigns. Previous research into atrocities by states and their agents has largely come from examinations of totalitarian regimes with well-developed torture and assassination institutions. The mechanisms influencing willingness to do harm have been examined in experimental studies of obedience to authority and the influences of deindividuation, dehumanization, context and system. This study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to examine the lived experience of AV reported by fourteen American military and intelligence veterans. Participants were AV observers, objectors, or abusers. Subjects described why AV appeared sensible at the time, how methods of violence were selected, and what sense they made of their experiences after the fact. Accounts revealed the roles that frustration, fear, anger and mission pressure played to prompt acts of AV that ranged from the petty to heinous. Much of the AV was tied to a shift in mission view from macro strategic aims of CT and COIN to individual and small group survival. Routine hazing punishment soldiers received involving forced exercise and stress positions made similar acts inflicted on detainees unrecognizable as abusive. Overt and implied permissiveness from military superiors enabled AV extending to torture, and extra-judicial killings. Attempting to overcome feelings of vulnerability, powerlessness and rage, subjects enacted communal punishment through indiscriminate beatings and shooting. Participants committed AV to amuse themselves and humiliate their enemies; some killed detainees to force confessions from others, conceal misdeeds, and avoid routine paperwork. Participants realized that AV practices were unnecessary, counter-productive, and self-damaging. Several reduced or halted their AV as a result. The lived experience of AV left most respondents feeling guilt, shame, and inadequacy, whether they committed abuse or failed to stop it.