The purpose of this study was to determine whether varying levels of computer anxiety have an effect on computer-based testing of United States Air Force technical training students. The first chapter presents an overview of computer-based testing, defines key terms, and identifies questions addressed in the research. The rationale for conducting this study was that little research had been done in this area. The second chapter contains a review of the pertinent literature related to computer-based testing, computer anxiety, test reliability, validity, and gender differences in computer use. Due to the lack understanding concerning any effects of computer anxiety on computer-based testing, this has been a worthwhile topic to explore, and it makes a significant contribution to the training field. The third chapter describes the qualitative research methodology used to conduct the study. The primary methodology was an analysis of variance comparison for groups of individuals who displayed high or low computer anxiety to their respective mean computer-based or paper-based aircraft maintenance knowledge testing scores. The research population consisted of United States Air Force aircraft maintenance craftsmen students attending training at Sheppard Air Force Base, Texas. The fourth chapter details the findings of the study. The findings indicate that there was no significant difference between the groups of students rated with high computer anxiety and low computer anxiety while testing with computers. Additionally, no significant differences were detected while testing alternative hypotheses covering differences between groups of students rated with high computer anxiety and low computer anxiety testing by traditional paper-and pencil methods. Finally, a reference section identifying the literature used in the preparation of this dissertation is also included.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of History / Donald J. Mrozek / This dissertation examines how changes in training after Vietnam altered the Air Force’s way of war. Specifically, the rise of realistic training exercises in the U.S. Air Force, particularly in the Tactical Air Command, after the end of the Vietnam conflict in 1975 ushered in a drastic increase in the use of tactical fighter aircraft to accomplish Air Force missions. Many scholars, including Benjamin Lambeth and Richard Hallion, have emphasized the primacy of technological developments in the renaissance of air power between Vietnam and the Gulf War. This neglects the importance of developments in training in the Tactical Air Command during the same period. This dissertation demonstrates that throughout the 1970s and 1980s Air Force leaders reconsidered some of their long-held assumptions about air power’s proper use and re-cast older ideas in ways that they considered more realistic and better justified by past experience. Realistic training exercises led to better tactics and doctrines and, when combined with technological advancement, changed the way the Air Force waged war. Tactical assets became the weapons of preference for Air Force planners for several reasons including their ability to precisely deliver munitions onto targets and their ability to penetrate and survive in high-threat environments. Tactical assets could accomplish these missions precisely because of the changes that occurred in training. At the same time, the rise of tactical assets to equality with strategic assets directly led to the demise of both Tactical Air Command and Strategic Air Command and the creation of the single Air Combat Command. The conventional view that a massive technological revolution in military affairs took place in the 1980s and led to success in Desert Storm is conceptually too limiting. That interpretation places too much emphasis on the technological advancements used to prosecute war and slights the experiences of the airmen themselves in the development of the training exercises that helped change how the U.S. Air Force waged war.

For a long time the military arena has been a context that is male-dominated and which even has been described as the arena that produces ideal forms of masculinity. This study examines the conditions for the women who choose to join the male-dominated military arena. The purpose of the study was to provide knowledge about womens experiences from basic military education in Sweden through a gender perspective. And more specifically, give insight into how women who completed education relate to expectations associated with being women and expectations associated with the role of the soldier. Central questions were created and these concerned how women perceived the role of the soldier, the extent to which they perceived gender segregation practices and the strategies used by women to deal with the male-dominated education and its possible gender segregation processes. Qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with five women who had complete basic military education in Sweden. A theoretical framework was created that contained theories about gender, gender power systems, women's strategies in male dominated professions, gender segregation processes, gender regimes and hegemonic masculinity. Previous research on women's conditions and experiences in the military indicates that women face opposition and exclusion, while women's presence at the same time has challenged discourses about femininity and the normative soldier. The results from the studie pointed out that the women perceived the military arena as a place where they were given the opportunity to do gender in new ways, while highlighting different problem areas during the education. These included that women were not expected to perform in the same degree as men and that the commanders had little understanding of specific female needs or questions.

A lot of habitats have declined or disappeared as the old cultural landscape changed to the modern agricultural landscape of today. Places such as power line corridors, racing tracks, gravel pits and military training sites have become refuges for many species associated with the old cultural landscape. These sites have been exposed to ecological disturbances that create the same type of habitats that were found in the old cultural landscape. The military training sites in Sweden has an impressive diversity of species. Disturbances from the military exercises have created habitats that are important for a wide range of species. The purpose of this thesis is to study some of the ecological disturbances occurring in the military training sites of the Swedish Armed Forces and examine how they affect different types of habitats. The thesis explains through litterateur and field studies the reason to the rich biodiversity often found at military training sites. The training sites and firing ranges of Skövde garrison were used as an example to show how the disturbances affect the environment. The study shows that military exercises (e.g. with combat vehicles) creates habitats that previously existed in the old cultural landscape. Soil damage from combat vehicles benefits insects and creates pools for amphibians. Damages on trees create snags and woody debris which favors a large amount of species. The military exercises also keep an open landscape.

With increasing of economic scale, demography change, and life style improvement enhancement, the importance of civic education has been emphasized based on public issue aspect. It is essential for military training instructor to face the challenge to be more professional or make a transform for better change. The aim of the study is develop solutions for military training instructor to deal with the challenge of renew military class and civic education. Instead of image of authority, military training instructor should also learn how to empower self-concept and role function and obtain concurrence from both the students and society. The study participants were 600 individual who were recruited in the trial. The primary data for this study were obtained from random samples, conducted in three medical management junior colleges in the southwest Taiwan. Total 600 questionnaires were equally divided to three medical management junior colleges The gender was spilt by 134 male (23.7%) and 431 female (76.3%).Valid 565 responses for questionnaires for this program were from 600 students for a response rate of 94.2%. To investigate the issues of civic education and military class, the survey included sociodemographic measures and the concepts of cognition, emotion and affection, and behavior. Statistical analyses were performed by SPSS, Version11.5 statistic software, using frequency distribution, chi-square test, t-test, and crosstable analysis. Significance was accepted at the 0.05 level (two-tailed). Conclusions¡G 1.The investigation of the concept of cognition show that overall 41.6% of students acknowledged the background and history of military class. The majority of students (72.3%) would agree the roles function of military training instructor . 2.The investigation of the concept of emotion and affection showed that the majority of students (66.7%) agreed that military training instructors would assist student for medical assistances and accident management. However, overall 32.2% of students agreed that military training instructors have sufficient affiliations to keep a good relationship with students, because military training instructors were still lake of ability of consulting and stayed in the image of rectifying deviant behaviors. 3.The investigation of the concept of behavior showed that even the image of authority is so strong, only few students obtained strong influence from military training instructors in democracy (35.0%), personality empowerment (38.2%), and patriotism (32.2%) from military class. Suggestions¡G 1.To decrease loading of military training instructor by promoting effectiveness of civic education in the class. 2.The interaction between military training instructor and students should be more involved with expectation, appreciation, and forgiveness. 3.It is essential for military training instructor to empower in specialty of military and civic education to deal with the challenge of new century civic education.

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XX a. 3-iajame dešimtmetyje Lietuvos kariuomenės kovinio rengimo įgyvendinimui buvo naudojamas Varėnos poligonas, kurio buvo atsisakyta 1931 m. įsteigus Gaižiūnų poligoną. Pastarasis poligonas buvo įkurtas Vyriausiojo štabo viršininko gen. št. plk. P. Kubiliūno ir kariuomenės inspektoriaus plk. O. Urbono pastangomis. Netoli nuo Jonavos miesto steigiamam poligonui reikalingi žemės plotai buvo išperkami iš privačių savininkų pagal specialiai tam parengtus įstatymus, kurių įgyvendinimas buvo vykdomas per visą poligono funkcionavimo laikotarpį. Įkūrus Gaižiūnų poligoną buvo suformuota administracinė įstaiga – poligono komendantūra, užtikrinusi karinės teritorijos tinkamą funkcionavimą ir priežiūrą. Karinių pratybų laikotarpiu, kuris buvo skiriamas gegužės – rugsėjo mėnesiais, poligone veikė jo vadovybė ir štabas, atlikę organizacines pratybų funkcijas. Gaižiūnų poligono įrengimo darbai buvo orientuoti į teritorijos parengimą vadovaujančio personalo darbui ir karių gyvenimo sąlygų sudarymą bei pritaikymą karinių pratybų vykdymui. Atsižvelgiant į tai, poligono teritorijoje buvo atliekami medžių kirtimo ir žemės drenavimo darbai, susisiekimo infrastruktūros sutvarkymas, buvusių pastatų remontas bei naujų įvairios paskirties pastatų statyba buvo įrenginėjamos šaudyklos. Šie poligono įrengimo darbai buvo atliekami per visą Gaižiūnų poligono funkcionavimo laikotarpį, t. y. iki 1939 m. spalio 31 d., kuomet patvirtinus poligono perleidimą Sovietų Sąjungos kariams, buvo nurodyta poligono... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / “Gaižiūnai firing range of the first army of the Republic of Lithuania in 1930–1939” Varėna firing range was used to realization of combat training of Lithuanian army in the 3rd decade of XX century. It was refused in 1939 when Gaižiūnai firing range was established. It was founded by chief of staff general colonel P. Kubiliūnas and army inspector colonel O. Urbonas. The necessary territories for near Jonava city founded range were redeemed from private owners by special prepared law implementation of which was filled during whole period of working of firing range. Founding the Gaižiūnai firing range an administrative office – commandant headquarter of firing range vouchsafed the right working and supervision of military territory. In period of military exercises which was named in May – September, command and staff operated in range which performed functions of organizational exercises. Installation work of Gaižiūnai firing range was oriented to preparation of territory for work of managing staff, making of living conditions of soldiers and fitting of military exercises. In this context deforestation, land drainage works, transaction of transport infrastructure, repair of previous buildings and construction of new buildings of various purposes and shooting-ranges were made in the territory of range. The installation work was made during whole period of working of Gaižiūnai range until the 31st of October 1939, when transfer of range to Soviet soldiers was confirmed, it was... [to full text]

The purpose of the following study was to re-address the energy requirements of Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) during training in a cold winter environment. Twenty CAF personnel were recruited to participate in a 5-day winter training exercise at Canadian Forces Base Meaford in Ontario, Canada. Energy expenditure (n=10) and body composition (n=14) were measured via the doubly labelled water (DLW) method and the deuterium isotope dilution technique, respectively. Mean total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) was 4900±693 kcal·day-1 with no significant differences observed between sexes. Body mass and body composition of CAF personnel changed significantly (p < 0.05) across the 5-day exercise. This decrease was associated with a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in fat mass. Despite these losses, participants were able to maintain high physical activity level (PAL) values (2.6) and high TDEE levels throughout the study period. It is recommended to increase the caloric content of the rations via additional supplements that provide energy-dense foods in bar format that can be easily consumed at the convenience of the individual. / February 2016

In this thesis, two qualitative methods based on phenomenology are introduced at the theoretical level - the Method of Explication (EM) and the Descriptive Phenomenological-Psychological Method (DFPM). EM assists the researcher in obtaining qualitative data, while DFPM is adapted to process it. The integration of these methods thus seems to be a way to overcome the incompleteness and limitations of solely EM or DFPM application. The next section, therefore, introduces the Attention-Description-Ideation-Application method (ADIA) based on the integration of EM and DFPM. The most important contribution of the new ADIA method is the detailed practical guidance that a researcher can follow to explore their own direct experience with the world - the researcher can become the subject of their own psychological research. The emerging method was used from the outset to examine the author's own experience of basic military training (BMT), leading to a constant review of the theoretical and methodological conclusions about 3PA and to improvements in its structure. The results of this research are presented at the end of this thesis which has a dual focus and potentially two benefits: on the one hand, it suggests a relatively comprehensive 3PA method designed for direct experience research, while secondly...

Virtual reality (VR) is not part of the curriculum of explosives for the Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) today. According to the research department at the Swedish EOD and Demining Centre (SWEDEC), this study is the first step in introducing VR to modernize the educational system for explosives within the SAF. This study investigates why VR is not used as a complement in the education of explosives for the SAF and finds the potential benefits and risks of implementing it. Qualitative data was collected through the survey method `case study research' where experts in the field of explosives tried a VR prototype made specifically for this study before being interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the results from the interviews.This study shows that VR is not part of the curriculum of explosives today because the older generation who decides either has a reluctant mindset or lacks the knowledge and awareness to see what it has to offer. The interviewees agree on the potential benefits of implementing VR in this field, the main benefits are cost reduction, safety, and logistics.  If the quality of the program is poor, the safety aspect and learning behaviors could be jeopardized because a user is treating the program like a game. To implement VR as a complement in the education of explosives for the SAF has more potential benefits than potential risks, and the potential risks can be reduced by using a program with quality assurance. There is an overwhelming interest among the interviewees where all participants agree that the education in explosives could benefit from implementing VR.