Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Orientador: José Carlos de Figueredo Pantoja / Resumo: Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever características do equipamento e manejo de ordenha, características morfológicas das tetas, prevalência de patologias não infecciosas, e identificar fatores de risco para tais patologias. Quarenta rebanhos foram visitados para realização de levantamento de dados produtivos e de manejo, avaliação estática do equipamento de ordenha, avaliação dinâmica de parâmetros de vácuo coletados no conjunto de ordenha e dos procedimentos adotados pelos colaboradores. Houve grande heterogeneidade nas dimensões das tetas avaliadas. A prevalência de edema, anel de base, cianose, hemorragia petequial e hiperqueratose grave foi 7,81%, 45,47%, 14,69%, 0,63% e 11,88%, respectivamente. Formato e posição da teta foram associados à observação de hiperqueratose. Paridade, extração automática do conjunto, nível de vácuo e duração da fase B do ciclo de pulsação foram associados à prevalência de edema. Paridade, formato da teta e tempo de ordenha foram associadas à prevalência de anel de base. Fluxo de leite bimodal, extração automática, condição da teteira, sobreordenha, nível de vácuo na cabeça da teteira e comprimento da fase B foram associados à prevalência de cianose. Práticas indesejáveis, tais como uso de teteiras desgastadas, falta de manutenção do equipamento, ausência de extração automática, longo tempo de ordenha e sobreordenha e rotina de trabalho sequencial foram mais frequentemente observadas em rebanhos com até 50 vacas, destacando dificuldades té... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objectives of this study were to describe characteristics of milking equipment and management, teat morphological characteristics, prevalence of noninfectious pathologies, and to identify risk factors for such pathologies. Forty herds were visited to collect production and management data, evaluation of the milking equipment, dynamic evaluation of vacuum parameters collected from the milking cluster, and milking procedures adopted on the farms. There was great heterogeneity in teat dimensions. The prevalence of edema, ring at the teat base, cyanosis, petechial hemorrhage, and severe hyperkeratosis was 7.81%, 45.47%, 14.69%, 0.63%, and 11.88%, respectively. Teat shape and position were associated with teat-end hyperkeratosis. Parity, automatic extraction of clusters, vacuum level, and length of the pulsation cycle´s B phase were associated with prevalence of edema. Parity, teat shape and milking duration were associated with prevalence of ring at the teat base. Bimodal milk flow, automatic extraction, liner condition, overmilking, vacuum at the mouthpiece chamber, and phase B´s length were associated with prevalence of cyanosis. Undesirable practices, such as the use of worn liners, lack of equipment maintenance, lack of automatic extraction, long milking and overmilking times, and sequential working routine were most often observed in small herds (< 50 cows), highlighting technical and structural difficulties faced by producers. Results of this study contribute to improve... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

With decreasing financial margins within the dairy industry around the world, the trend of today's dairy producers is an ever-increasing degree of automated milk production. Reasons for this is to reduce labor costs but at the same time to increase the welfare of animals and thus increase milk yield. DeLaval International is a company with long experience and expertise in supplying and producing products for the modern dairy industry. As a step in this development, DeLaval International has launched an automatic milking rotary platform called AMR. This product replaces the heavy, monotonous manual labor by the use of robots. As part of the further development of AMR, this thesis aims to create a new type of robotic tools with the goal to cut the robot’s cycle time and thus increase the overall production rate for the rotary platform. Two concepts of various robotic tools were developed in the form of virtual and physical models. Various engineering tools were used to aid the process such as Morphological matrix, Gantt chart and WBS. Both concepts show possible ways to both clean and attach milk cups onto teats of dairy animals. Concepts meet the requirements that were developed for a robotic tool on AMR. The work provides recommendations for further work to optimize both concepts before any field tests can be performed. Reflections on the process and the result are also presented. / Med minskande ekonomiska marginaler inom mjölkproduktion världen över vänder sig dagens mjölkproducenter mot en ständigt ökande grad av automatiserad mjölkproduktion. Anledningarna är att kunna minska kostnader för arbetskraft och samtidigt kunna öka djurens välmående, på så vis även öka sin avkastning. DeLaval International är ett företag med lång erfarenhet och expertis av att leverera och producera produkter för modern mjölkproduktion. Som ett steg i denna utveckling har DeLaval International lanserat AMR, en automatisk mjölkningskarusell. Denna produkt använder robotar för att ersätta annars tungt, monotont manuellt arbete. Som en del av vidareutvecklingen av AMR gjordes detta examensarbete för att skapa en ny typ av robotverktyg med mål att korta robotens cykeltid och på så vis öka den totala produktionstakten för karusellen. Två koncept av olika robotverktyg togs fram i form av virtuella och fysiska modeller. Olika ingenjörsmässiga verktyg användes för att stötta processen såsom: Morfologisk matris, Gantt schema och WBS. Båda koncepten visar möjliga sätt att både rengöra och montera mjölkkoppar på kor. Båda koncept uppfyller kraven fastställda i den kravspecifikation som framtogs för ett robotverktyg till en AMR-karusell. Arbetet ger reflektioner och rekommendationer till arbete som kan göras för att förbättra koncepten innan ett eventuellt fälttest kan genomföras.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:34:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MirelaGG_DISSERT.pdf: 523258 bytes, checksum: b38fc504491b6e5e1a948b5fb7c8a832 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-07 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of milking procedures on the levels of total bacterial count (TBC) in bovine milk. In the first study the influences of procedures for hygienic milking, cleaning of milking equipment and milk cooling tanks on the TBC levels were evaluated. Four bulk samples of milk were collected from each tank in eight properties for TBC analysis, employing the flow cytometry method. A questionnaire was applied in each property to assess the current situation of milking procedures on each production system that took part on this research, followed by training of employees in good agricultural practices in the production of milk and monitoring of the TBC measurements. The methodology for analysis of longitudinal data was considered, focusing on random effects models. The results showed that the handling procedures for milking and the cleanliness of the cooling tank contributed to a further reduction in the levels of TBC raw milk cooling tanks. The second study aimed to describe the percentage of the properties that comply with the Normative Instruction N? 51 (Brazil s IN 51) with regard to total bacterial count (TBC) in bovine milk. The study was conducted from January 2010 to July 2011. Milk samples were collected from the eight properties selected for TBC analysis by the flow cytometry method. Again, on each property a questionnaire was applied to assess the current situation of milking procedures on each production system that took part on this research, followed by training of employees in good agricultural practices in the production of milk and monitoring of the TBC measurements. The methodology of marginal models based on Generalized Estimate Equations (GEEs) was followed in the statistical analysis. The results showed that the handling procedures of the milking and the cleanliness of the cooling tanks contributed to a considerable percentage of the properties that reached the limits of TBC established by IN 51 / Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a influ?ncia dos procedimentos de ordenha sobre os n?veis da Contagem Bacteriana Total (CBT) no leite bovino. No primeiro estudo foram avaliados as influ?ncias dos procedimentos de ordenha higi?nica e de limpeza dos equipamentos de ordenha e dos tanques de resfriamento do leite sobre os n?veis da CBT. Para tanto, foram coletadas quatro amostras de leite de cada tanque de oito propriedades, para an?lise da CBT, pela metodologia de citometria de fluxo. Em cada propriedade aplicou-se um question?rio para avalia??o da atual situa??o dos procedimentos de ordenha em cada sistema de produ??o participante da pesquisa, seguida da capacita??o e treinamento dos colaboradores em boas pr?ticas agropecu?rias na produ??o de leite e uma fase de acompanhamento das medidas da CBT. Considerouse a metodologia para an?lise de dados longitudinais, com enfoque nos modelos de efeitos aleat?rios. Observou-se que os procedimentos adequados no manejo na ordenha e na limpeza do tanque de resfriamento contribu?ram para uma maior redu??o nos n?veis da CBT do leite cru de tanques de resfriamento. No segundo estudo, objetivou-se descrever a propor??o de propriedades que atendem ? Instru??o Normativa n? 51 (IN 51) em rela??o ? Contagem Bacteriana Total (CBT) em leite bovino. O estudo foi realizado no per?odo de janeiro de 2010 a julho de 2011. Foram coletadas amostras de leite de oito propriedades selecionadas, para an?lise da CBT pelo m?todo de citometria de fluxo. Em cada propriedade aplicou-se um question?rio para avalia??o da atual situa??o dos procedimentos de ordenha em cada sistema de produ??o participante da pesquisa, seguido da capacita??o e treinamento dos colaboradores em boas pr?ticas agropecu?rias na produ??o de leite e uma fase de acompanhamento das medidas da CBT. Para an?lise estat?stica considerou-se a metodologia para modelos marginais baseada nas Equa??es de Estima??es Generalizadas (EEGs). Constatou-se que os procedimentos adequados no manejo da ordenha e na limpeza do tanque de resfriamento contribu?ram para que uma parcela consider?vel das propriedades atingisse os limites da CBT estabelecidos pela IN 51