<p>Self care is very important for patients with diabetes type 2, as it can reduce complications. A proper and functioning self-care requires, clear and relevant information and instructions from the health care givers. <strong>Aim:</strong> The purpose of this study was to investigate the self care activities of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Ho Chi Minh City and compare these between genders. <strong>Research questions: </strong>How do patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, in Ho Chi Minh City, practice self care activities (diet, exercise, blood sugar test, foot care, smoking, medication and self-care recommendation)?<strong> </strong>Are there any differences between genders concerning these self-care activities? <strong>Method: </strong>A descriptive and comparative cross-section design with a quantitative method was used. Dorothea Orem's theoretical framework was also used. The data was collected at the Department of Endocrinology and the Endocrinology Clinic, Choray hospital, in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was 100 participants who answered a questionnaire about their diabetes self-care activities. <strong>Results: </strong>Most of the participants had a good self-care of their diabetes type 2. A majority of the participants had got several self-care recommendations from their health-care givers concerning diet, exercise, medication and blood-glucose control. It was a significant difference between gender in favour for the male gender concerning the statements high fat food, participating in 30 minutes of exercise, check inside the shoes, dry between toes, counselling about stop smoking, tried herbal medicine as medication.<strong> </strong><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The diabetes type 2 patients in Ho Chi Minh City need to get more information about self-care concerning blood-glucose, diet and exercise. Both genders need to adopt a healthy lifestyle into their daily life to reduce the risk of developing diabetes complications.</p> / <p>Egenvården är mycket viktig för patienter med diabetes typ 2, eftersom den kan minska komplikationer. En optimal och väl fungerande egenvård kräver tydlig och relevant information och instruktioner från vårdpersonalen. <strong>Syfte:</strong> Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka egenvårdsaktiviteter hos patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2 i Ho Chi Minh City och jämföra dessa mellan kön. <strong>Frågeställningar:</strong> Hur utför patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2 i Ho Chi Minh City sina egenvårds aktiviteter (kost, motion, blodsocker test, fotvård, rökning, läkemedel och egenvårds rekommendationer)? Finns det någon skillnad mellan könen beträffande dessa egenvårdsaktiviteter? <strong>Metod:</strong> En beskrivande och jämförande tvärsnitts studie med kvantitativ metod har använts. Dorothea Orems egenvårdsteori har även använts. Data samlades in vid Institutionen för Endokrinologi och endokrinologi kliniken på Choray hospital, i Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Det var 100 deltagare som besvarade ett frågeformulär med frågor om diabetes egenvårds aktiviteter. <strong>Resultat:</strong> De flesta deltagare hade en god egenvård av sin diabetes typ 2. En majoritet av deltagarna hade fått flera egenvårds rekommendationer från sin vårdgivare om kost, motion och medicinering. Det var en signifikant skillnad mellan könen med fördel för männen angående påståendena gällande fettrik mat, deltagande i 30 minuters träning, kontrollera insidan av skorna, torka mellan tårna, rådgivning om att sluta röka samt provat naturläkemedel som medicinering. <strong>Slutsats</strong>: Diabetes typ 2 patienter i Ho Chi Minh City behöver få mer information om egenvård av blodglukos, mat och fysisk träning. Båda könen behöver få en hälsosammare livsstil i sin vardag för att minska risken för komplikationer.</p>

Self care is very important for patients with diabetes type 2, as it can reduce complications. A proper and functioning self-care requires, clear and relevant information and instructions from the health care givers. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the self care activities of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 in Ho Chi Minh City and compare these between genders. Research questions: How do patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, in Ho Chi Minh City, practice self care activities (diet, exercise, blood sugar test, foot care, smoking, medication and self-care recommendation)? Are there any differences between genders concerning these self-care activities? Method: A descriptive and comparative cross-section design with a quantitative method was used. Dorothea Orem's theoretical framework was also used. The data was collected at the Department of Endocrinology and the Endocrinology Clinic, Choray hospital, in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It was 100 participants who answered a questionnaire about their diabetes self-care activities. Results: Most of the participants had a good self-care of their diabetes type 2. A majority of the participants had got several self-care recommendations from their health-care givers concerning diet, exercise, medication and blood-glucose control. It was a significant difference between gender in favour for the male gender concerning the statements high fat food, participating in 30 minutes of exercise, check inside the shoes, dry between toes, counselling about stop smoking, tried herbal medicine as medication. Conclusion: The diabetes type 2 patients in Ho Chi Minh City need to get more information about self-care concerning blood-glucose, diet and exercise. Both genders need to adopt a healthy lifestyle into their daily life to reduce the risk of developing diabetes complications. / Egenvården är mycket viktig för patienter med diabetes typ 2, eftersom den kan minska komplikationer. En optimal och väl fungerande egenvård kräver tydlig och relevant information och instruktioner från vårdpersonalen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka egenvårdsaktiviteter hos patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2 i Ho Chi Minh City och jämföra dessa mellan kön. Frågeställningar: Hur utför patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2 i Ho Chi Minh City sina egenvårds aktiviteter (kost, motion, blodsocker test, fotvård, rökning, läkemedel och egenvårds rekommendationer)? Finns det någon skillnad mellan könen beträffande dessa egenvårdsaktiviteter? Metod: En beskrivande och jämförande tvärsnitts studie med kvantitativ metod har använts. Dorothea Orems egenvårdsteori har även använts. Data samlades in vid Institutionen för Endokrinologi och endokrinologi kliniken på Choray hospital, i Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Det var 100 deltagare som besvarade ett frågeformulär med frågor om diabetes egenvårds aktiviteter. Resultat: De flesta deltagare hade en god egenvård av sin diabetes typ 2. En majoritet av deltagarna hade fått flera egenvårds rekommendationer från sin vårdgivare om kost, motion och medicinering. Det var en signifikant skillnad mellan könen med fördel för männen angående påståendena gällande fettrik mat, deltagande i 30 minuters träning, kontrollera insidan av skorna, torka mellan tårna, rådgivning om att sluta röka samt provat naturläkemedel som medicinering. Slutsats: Diabetes typ 2 patienter i Ho Chi Minh City behöver få mer information om egenvård av blodglukos, mat och fysisk träning. Båda könen behöver få en hälsosammare livsstil i sin vardag för att minska risken för komplikationer.

Introduction: Previous research shows that knowledge and practice was low in type 2 diabetes patients and that women had better practice/self-care than men. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practices regarding foot-care among patients with type 2 diabetes in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and also investigate if there was any difference between genders in knowledge and practicing of foot care. Method: This study was a descriptive and cross-sectional design with quantitative method. The data was collected at the out-patient clinic of the University Medical Center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and 100 patients participated voluntarily to answer questionnaire. Orem’s self-care theory was used as theoretical framework. Data were analysed by using statistics. Result: The result shows that more than 70% of the patients had good knowledge of foot care and no significant differences between the genders in the knowledge. Their foot care practices were various. There was significant difference between men and women about using a hot water bottle or heating pad on the feet, and more women than men did. For type of shoes, there were differences between genders in wearing broad, round toes and shoes made of leather or canvas, and more men than women did. Conclusion: The knowledge of foot care was good, but the practice of foot care was low. There was not found any significant difference between the genders in knowledge, but some differences in the foot care practices.  More information about foot care is needed to prevent complications with type 2 diabetes. / Introduktion: Tidigare forsknings resultat visar att kunskapen om egenvård och utförande av fotvård hos patienter med diabetes typ 2 var låg. Kvinnorna var dock bättre på att utföra egenvården än männen. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka kunskapen och utförandet av egenvård hos patienter med diabetes typ 2 i Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, samt att undersöka om det fanns några skillnader mellan män och kvinnor i kunskapen om egenvård inom fotvård samt dess utförande. Metod: För att undersöka detta gjordes en kvantitativ tvärsnittsstudie med hjälp av enkäter. Det var 100 patienter på en mottagning vid University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, som deltog frivilligt. Orems egenvård teori användes som teoretiskt ramverk i detta arbete. Data analyserades av statistik. Resultat: Resultatet i denna studie påvisar att mer än 70 % av patienternas visade god kunskap och inga signifikanta skillnader fanns mellan kvinnor och män gällande kunskapsnivån.  Utförandes av fotvården visade sig dock vara varierande och det fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan kvinnor och män gällande fotvården. Kvinnor använde sig oftare av varma pads och flaskor på deras fötter än vad männen gjorde. Kvinnor och män använde också olika typer av skor. Männen använde oftare breda skor med rundad tå, skor av läder eller canvas skor än vad kvinnorna gjorde. Slutsats: Kunskapen om fotvård hos diabetes patienter i Ho Chi Minh City var god, dock var utförandet av fotvården varierande i denna studie. Det visades ingen signifikant skillnad mellan kvinnor och män angående kunskapsnivån, dock fanns det skillnader angående utförandet av fotvården. Det behövs fortsatt information om fotvård för att patienter med typ 2 diabetes ska förhindra komplikationer

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal / Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de cette thèse ou ce mémoire a été dépouillée, le cas échéant, de ses documents visuels et audio-visuels. La version intégrale de la thèse ou du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Brands have become valuable assets that play a central role in differentiating the products and services to catch the attention of the customers. This research examines the significance of branding strategies for companies’ growth and survival. For this paper, models and theories from previous researches are used to give an in-depth understanding of the different brand strategies and SMEs. The data was collected through qualitative interviews with 10 companies of which five were conducted in Kampala, Uganda and the other five were in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. Although SMEs play a significant role in economic development, they are facing challenges of building brands due to the scarce resources. Financing was shown among the key prohibitions to brand establishment. The research identifies the need for SMEs to adapt branding strategies. Research findings pointed out the benefits of brand recognition in both countries. The respondents indicated that brand communication was an effective tool in creating brand recognition in SMEs. Also price, quality, innovation, and a clear vision among others are enabling factors for building strong brands.

This paper discusses the changes of economic activities of ethnic Chinese in Ho Chi Minh City under different political regimes with different institutions. The thesis applied qualitative research methods with in-depth interviews, collected and analysed data from documents. The research result shows that under different social and political institutions, which are changed from French colonial period to the two different political systems during Vietnam War with the Communism in the North and the Capitalism in the South, and the socialist system carried out in the whole country after 1975, to the Doi Moi period after 1986, the Vietnamese Chinese conduct different economic activities in terms of business and trust in social relations. Before 1975, the Vietnamese Chinese traded heavily with the same ethnic group. The in-group business practices were changed after the institutional change after 1975, which pushed them to work more closely with other ethnic groups. The concept toward ¡§trust¡¨ (Xinyong) in Vietnamese Chinese community is gradually changed in accordance with the changes of social and political institutions.

Thesis (M.Ed. (Educational Management))--Mahidol University, 2008. / LICL has E-Thesis 0041 ; please contact computer services.

The diploma thesis titled "Political developments in Vietnam from 1954 to the present" focuses on the political development of Vietnam after the war in Indochina until present days. It describes what led Ho Chi Minh to adopt communism, after what and by whom he was inspired and why communism has nowadays still a strong position in Vietnam. The main attention is devoted to the reforms of Doi Moi, that have lifted the country's economy. It outlines the positive and negative aspects following the introduction of these reforms.

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