Bone-to-implant contact of orthodontic mini-screws has been determined via Micro-CT to be a strong predictor of primary stability. Various insertion angulations, including both 900 and 500, have been reported as ideal for providing optimum primary stability. The aim of this investigation was to determine if a statistically significant difference exists in the bone-to-implant contact of mini-screws placed with an insertion angulation of 900 compared to those placed at 500 as determined via Micro-CT. Ten self-drilling, self-tapping orthodontic mini-screws (Aarhus,1.5mmx6mm) (n=5) were inserted into the posterior ramus of an adult pig mandible, an analog to an adult human mandible. A custom stent with ten holes, five at 900 and five at 500, was fitted to the bone surface to control insertion angulation. The bone was cut to 1.5x1.5x1cm segments and scanned using SkyScan 1127 with ideal specifications (8mm pixel size, medium camera, 80Kv, 100mA, 10W, 1800 rotation, and 0.5Al+0.25Cu filter). The raw scans were reconstructed using NReconV1.6.10 and these datasets were then reoriented using DataviewerV1.5.2 along the Z-axis to standardize the peri-implant bone for analysis. A custom task-list was used with CT-AnalyzerV1.14.41 to determine the percent of bone-to-implant contact per mini-screw. A Mann-Whitney U test indicated that the bone-to-implant contact was not statistically significantly different for the mini-screws placed at 900 (Mdn= 72.34) compared to the mini-screws placed at 500 (Mdn= 53.25), U=5, p=.1443. Therefore, the results do not significantly differ at p<.05. There is no statistically significant difference in the bone-to-implant contact between the Aarhus 1.5mmx6mm orthodontic mini-screws placed at 900 compared to those placed at 500 as measured by Micro-CT. This may lead to the conclusion that there is no significant difference in the primary stability of Aarhus mini-screws placed at 900 and 500. / Oral Biology

No description available.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral a produção de um equipamento pequeno, multifuncional, de baixo custo e útil para as áreas de engenharia química e de química. Quanto à área de engenharia química, manipulam-se amostras em dispositivos miniaturizados que possuem operações unitárias comuns, como por exemplo, misturadores, formação de spray e remoção de partículas. Em química, efetua-se o pré-tratamento de amostras gasosas e possível detecção de compostos orgânicos voláteis (VOCs). A metodologia utilizada seguiu os protocolos para produção de equipamento. O equipamento projetado e construído apresenta três partes distintas e com as seguintes características. As amostras, que podem ser liquidas ou gasosas, são admitidas ou em fluxo contínuo ou de modo estacionário. A manipulação de dispositivos miniaturizados, como por exemplo, mini-misturadores, ocorre em três eixos distintos, o que permite o uso de dispositivos tridimensionais. Para todas as amostras a detecção é baseada em micro-balança de quartzo, com 5 cristais piezelétricos de quartzo (PQC) medindo simultaneamente e independentemente a aquisição de dados online. Quanto a amostras gasosas, é possível a detecção de VOCs na faixa de ppm e em dispositivo miniaturizado (mini manifold) para distribuição do fluxo uniformemente nos 5 PQCs. Através do uso do spray é possível a detecção de gases, líquidos e particulados. O componente sensor nos PQCs é filme fino depositado por plasma e a base de HMDS, hexametildissilazana. Esses filmes foram modificados por exposição à radiação ultravioleta (UVC) e feixe de íons (Ar+ ou He2+), os filmes após exposição mostraram-se mais eficientes na discriminação de VOCs. O equipamento foi construído com modos convencionais de produção, como por exemplo, usinagem com máquinas operatrizes como torno mecânico e fresadoras, e com partes e peças de fácil aquisição no mercado nacional. / This work aimed the production of a small equipment, multi-functional, lowcost and useful for chemical engineering and chemistry areas. Regarding the chemical engineering area samples are handled in miniaturized devices having common unit operations such as mixing, spray forming and removing particles. In chemistry, the pretreatment of gaseous samples and detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could be made. The methodology followed the protocols for production equipment. The equipment designed and built features three distinct parts with the following characteristics. Samples can be liquid or gaseous, they can be admitted or continuous flow or stationary mode. The manipulation of miniaturized devices, such as minimixers occurs in three distinct axes, which allows the use of three-dimensional devices. For all samples the detection is based on quartz microbalance with 5 piezoelectric quartz crystals (PQC) the online data are acquired by measuring simultaneously and independently. As for gaseous samples, it is possible the VOCs detection in the ppm range and miniaturized device (mini manifold) to flow evenly distribution in 5 PQCs. Through the use of spray it is possible to detect gases, liquids and particulates. The sensing component in PQCs is thin film deposited by plasma and the base of HMDS hexamethyldisilazane. These films were modified by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVC) and ion beam (Ar+ or He2+) films after exposure were more efficient in the discrimination of VOCs. The equipment was built with conventional production methods, such as, machining with machine tools such as lathes and milling machines,, and parts and pieces of easy acquisition in the domestic market.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral a produção de um equipamento pequeno, multifuncional, de baixo custo e útil para as áreas de engenharia química e de química. Quanto à área de engenharia química, manipulam-se amostras em dispositivos miniaturizados que possuem operações unitárias comuns, como por exemplo, misturadores, formação de spray e remoção de partículas. Em química, efetua-se o pré-tratamento de amostras gasosas e possível detecção de compostos orgânicos voláteis (VOCs). A metodologia utilizada seguiu os protocolos para produção de equipamento. O equipamento projetado e construído apresenta três partes distintas e com as seguintes características. As amostras, que podem ser liquidas ou gasosas, são admitidas ou em fluxo contínuo ou de modo estacionário. A manipulação de dispositivos miniaturizados, como por exemplo, mini-misturadores, ocorre em três eixos distintos, o que permite o uso de dispositivos tridimensionais. Para todas as amostras a detecção é baseada em micro-balança de quartzo, com 5 cristais piezelétricos de quartzo (PQC) medindo simultaneamente e independentemente a aquisição de dados online. Quanto a amostras gasosas, é possível a detecção de VOCs na faixa de ppm e em dispositivo miniaturizado (mini manifold) para distribuição do fluxo uniformemente nos 5 PQCs. Através do uso do spray é possível a detecção de gases, líquidos e particulados. O componente sensor nos PQCs é filme fino depositado por plasma e a base de HMDS, hexametildissilazana. Esses filmes foram modificados por exposição à radiação ultravioleta (UVC) e feixe de íons (Ar+ ou He2+), os filmes após exposição mostraram-se mais eficientes na discriminação de VOCs. O equipamento foi construído com modos convencionais de produção, como por exemplo, usinagem com máquinas operatrizes como torno mecânico e fresadoras, e com partes e peças de fácil aquisição no mercado nacional. / This work aimed the production of a small equipment, multi-functional, lowcost and useful for chemical engineering and chemistry areas. Regarding the chemical engineering area samples are handled in miniaturized devices having common unit operations such as mixing, spray forming and removing particles. In chemistry, the pretreatment of gaseous samples and detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) could be made. The methodology followed the protocols for production equipment. The equipment designed and built features three distinct parts with the following characteristics. Samples can be liquid or gaseous, they can be admitted or continuous flow or stationary mode. The manipulation of miniaturized devices, such as minimixers occurs in three distinct axes, which allows the use of three-dimensional devices. For all samples the detection is based on quartz microbalance with 5 piezoelectric quartz crystals (PQC) the online data are acquired by measuring simultaneously and independently. As for gaseous samples, it is possible the VOCs detection in the ppm range and miniaturized device (mini manifold) to flow evenly distribution in 5 PQCs. Through the use of spray it is possible to detect gases, liquids and particulates. The sensing component in PQCs is thin film deposited by plasma and the base of HMDS hexamethyldisilazane. These films were modified by exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVC) and ion beam (Ar+ or He2+) films after exposure were more efficient in the discrimination of VOCs. The equipment was built with conventional production methods, such as, machining with machine tools such as lathes and milling machines,, and parts and pieces of easy acquisition in the domestic market.

Det har skett en nästintill explosionsartad utveckling på den svenska marknaden för hävstångsinstrument under de senaste åren och en mängd nya produktinnovationer och emittenter har dykt upp. Handeln med Mini Futures är väl utbredd i Europa där det funnits under en längre tid, och produkten lanserades för några år sedan på den svenska marknaden. Syftet med denna uppsats är att kartlägga både emittenter och konsumenters syn på Mini Futures och analysera om dessa hävstångsinstrument är lämpliga för vanliga småsparare. Likaså vill vi undersöka produktens potential och hur framtidsutsikterna kan se ut på den svenska marknaden. Vi har genomfört en kvalitativ studie där vi intervjuat personer som arbetar med eller i nära anknytning till handeln med hävstångsinstrument. Studien har även kompletterats med en kvantitativ enkätundersökning för att lyfta in investerarnas perspektiv. Respondenterna bestod av medlemmar i Unga Aktiesparare som vi anser de intresse som krävs för att kunna ge trovärdiga svar. Då Mini Futures är en relativt ny produkt är forskningen inom området högst begränsad. Vi har därför byggt upp vår teoretiska referensram med teorier som påverkar börshandeln i allmänhet, bland annat börspsykologi, risker och portföljteori. För att kunna förstå moderna investerarbeteenden har vi också tagit med en del forskning om generation Y. I vår analys har vi vävt ihop våra informanters röster med resultaten från vår enkätundersökning samt sökt stöd i den teoretiska referensramen. Detta har sedan analyserats utifrån valda områden: Risk och möjlighet, Hävstång i portföljen, Kunskap och marknadsföring, Förutsättningar för emittenternas val samt Framtid och utveckling. I de slutsatser som presenteras i uppsatsen berör vi bland annat hur sparandet i Mini Futures bör förhålla sig till traditionellt sparande, för vilka personer som det inte är lämpligt att handla med Mini Futures, i vilket syfte produkten kan användas samt hur utvecklingen kommer se ut på den svenska marknaden. Avslutningsvis ger vi rekommendationer på framtida forskning inom området. / There has been a boom on the Swedish market for leveraged products and a whole new set of product innovations and issuers have emerged. Trading in Mini Futures is widely spread in Europe and the product was launched on the Swedish market a few years ago. The purpose of this paper is to identify both issuers and consumers' views on Mini Futures and analyze if these leveraged products are suitable for small time investors. Also, we want to explore the potential of the product and what future prospects look like on the Swedish market. We conducted a qualitative study where we interviewed people who work in close association with, and have a vast knowledge of, leveraged instruments. In order to raise the investor’s perspective we have also supplemented this study with a quantitative survey. The respondents consisted of members from the Young Shareholders Association which we consider have a good awareness of the market. Mini Futures is a relatively new product and research in this field is very limited. Therefore we had to build our theoretical framework with theories that affect the stock market in general. For example stock market psychology, risk and portfolio theory. In order to understand modern investor behavior, we also included some research on Generation Y. In the analysis, we combine the empirical research results with the results of the survey and sought support from the theoretical framework. This was then analyzed from selected areas Risk and opportunity, Leverage in the portfolio, Knowledge and marketing, Conditions for the issuers´s choice, Future options and development. The conclusions presented in this paper concerns how the savings in Mini Futures should relate to traditional savings, which individuals are not appropriate to trade with Mini Futures, for which purposes the product can be used and how the future development will look like on the Swedish market. Finally, we give recommendations for future research in the area.

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia del deterioro cognitivo en la población prevalente que recibe terapia de remplazo renal (TRR) en la Unidad de Diálisis del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM)- Noviembre-Diciembre 2015. Materiales y Método: Es un estudio de tipo transversal, observacional y descriptivo. Se administró el Mini Examen Cognoscitivo (MEC) de 30 puntos a los pacientes ambulatorios mayores de 18 años que acudan regularmente a sus 3 sesiones de Hemodiálisis por semana y los pacientes en diálisis peritoneal que acuden a la Unidad de Diálisis del HNDM. Para describir las características de los posibles factores asociados, se recogió los datos demográficos (sexo, edad, años de estudio) y el tipo de diálisis a través del cuestionario y la entrevista; la causa primordial de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica y el perfil bioquímico (hemoglobina, calcio, fósforo, PTH), se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas; mientras el tiempo de diálisis se corroboró junto con el análisis de la adherencia al tratamiento en los pacientes con hemodiálisis en el registro de enfermería. Resultados: De los 45 pacientes seleccionados, 6 casos presentaron deterioro cognitivo, todos ellos en hemodiálisis, 5 fueron mujeres, con menor años de estudio, mayor tiempo de diálisis y ningún caso en jóvenes. Se obtuvo un puntaje del MEC promedio en 26.8 (± 2.8). Conclusión: Se describe algún grado de déficit cognitivo en nuestra población de diálisis. Y la importancia de la detección precoz por el personal de salud.

To meet the need of making clinical evaluations in the most efficient way, many scales and short forms of the MMPI have been developed. A review of the literature indicated that the Mini-Mult devised by Kincannon (1967) and the Short Form by Hugo (1971a) were the best short forms of the MMPI which have been constructed. The purpose of this study was to determine which of these short forms would most accurately predict the standard MMPI in a clinical population.

Microtubules are a major constituent of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells. They are essential for cell morphogenesis and motility. Specifically in the dividing cells, microtubules form the spindle which segregates chromosomes. Microtubule plus ends constantly switch between phases of growth and shrinkage which is necessary for microtubule reorganization and thus their function. Importantly, microtubule dynamics are highly regulated by microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs). EB1 and Mini spindles (Msps) are unique amongst MAPs because they bind and track growing microtubule plus ends autonomously. Although essential for cell division and thus highly expressed in dividing cells, EB1 and Msps are also abundant in differentiated cells. However, to identify post-mitotic roles of proteins essential for cell division, particularly in context of a multicellular organism, is a challenge requiring new tools which I aimed to develop in my project. Since EB1 acts by recruiting MAPs to the microtubule plus ends, I generated short peptides which bind to Drosophila EB1 to block interactions with these MAPs. I showed that an EB1-MAP interaction was disturbed in Drosophila S2 cultured cells and expressing these peptides in developing Drosophila reduced fly viability. Further screening and analysis of peptides interacting with fly EB1 and its human homologues uncovered sequence determinants promoting strong binding and specificity. To uncover Msps function, I generated a msps temperature sensitive mutant and found that Msps is essential for neuromuscular function in developing Drosophila. This study showed that the regulation of microtubule dynamics has crucial functions at the whole organism level. These new tools allow the roles of microtubule regulation to be dissected in developing organisms.

This thesis describes in theory tools of marketing communication and in particular their practical use in influencing the image of MINI brand and its products. It analyzes typical MINI customers. The thesis describes the position of the brand on the Czech automotive market and aims to recommend marketing activities that will lead to higher sales of MINI products in the Czech Republic.

Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) na atenção primária, com e sem apoio matricial (AM), na prevalência e gravidade de transtornos mentais (TM). Casuística e Métodos: O estudo foi dividido em duas fases. Na primeira fase (Fase 1), 20 estudantes de medicina foram capacitados em três encontros para aplicação do instrumento \"Mini - screening mental disorders (Mini-SMD)\" e para a coleta de dados sociodemográficos. Em seguida, eles receberam, após sorteio eletrônico, endereços residenciais aleatórios das três áreas do estudo - i.e., uma área com cobertura de saúde pela ESF com AM em Saúde Mental (SM), uma área com cobertura pela ESF sem AM e uma terceira área com cobertura pelo modelo de Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) tradicional. Na segunda fase (Fase 2), realizou-se um sorteio simples de 50% dos sujeitos da Fase 1 para confirmação diagnóstica e avaliação de gravidade de sintomas. Cinco profissionais de saúde com nível superior foram submetidas a treinamento de 20 horas para utilização dos instrumentos Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), MINI-TRACKING, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) e Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Essas profissionais de saúde, então, receberam os endereços e agendamentos dos pacientes para aplicação da entrevista MINI. Os pacientes com resultado positivo para algum diagnóstico no MINI foram, em seguida, submetidos à aplicação do(s) módulo(s) específico(s) do MINI-TRACKING e do PHQ-9 e/ou GAD-7 e/ou AUDIT e/ou BPRS. Resultados: Durante a Fase 1, 1.545 pessoas foram entrevistadas. As avaliações Mini-SMD positivas nas áreas de ESF sem AM, ESF com AM e UBS tradicional foram de 33,9%, 34,6% e 40,3%, respectivamente. O Odds ratio (OR) bruto dos resultados na comparação entre a ESF sem AM e UBS tradicional foi 0,76 (p=0,037). O OR foi ajustado para área, idade, escolaridade e nível socioeconômico (variáveis que apresentaram OR significativo), com resultado de 0,752 (p=0,042). A comparação entre o conjunto ESF com e sem AM versus UBS tradicional também mostrou tendência à menor número de TM nas áreas de ESF (OR Bruto=1,294; p=0,021; OR Ajustado=1,257; p=0,048). Na Fase 2 do estudo, 773 sujeitos foram aleatoriamente selecionados, e desses, 538 concordaram em participar. Nas áreas de ESF sem AM, ESF com AM e UBS tradicional, a avaliação MINI positiva se deu em 39,1%, 35,1% e 48,3%, respectivamente. O OR bruto dos resultados na comparação entre o conjunto ESF com e sem AM versus UBS tradicional foi 1,602 (p=0,012) e o OR ajustado para sexo, escolaridade e estado civil (variáveis com OR significativo) foi 1,523 (p=0,028). Na avaliação da influência da área de residência em função do tipo de cobertura de saúde sobre a gravidade dos TM diagnosticados, não foram observadas diferenças significativas. Conclusões: O presente estudo mostrou que o modelo específico de ESF avaliado (com e sem AM) associou-se significativamente com menor prevalência de TM quando comparado a uma área com assistência realizada por UBS tradicional. No tocante à gravidade de sintomas, não foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as três áreas estudadas. / Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) on primary care, with and without matrix support, on the prevalence and severity of mental disorders (MD). Casuistic and Methods: The study was divided into two phases. In the first phase (Phase 1) 20 medical students were trained in three meetings to apply the Mini - screening mental disorders (Mini - SMD) instrument and to collect sociodemographic data. Next, they received random home addresses from the three study areas - i.e., an area with health coverage by the FHS with Matrix Support (MS) in Mental Health (MH), an area covered by the FHS without MS and a third area covered by the traditional Basic Health Unit (BHU) model. In the second phase (Phase 2), a random sample of 50% of Phase 1 subjects was selected for diagnostic confirmation and symptom severity assessment. Five graduated health professionals underwent 20-hour training to apply the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), MINI-TRACKING, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7 ), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). These health professionals then received the addresses and schedules of the patients for application of the MINI interview. Patients who had tested positive for a diagnosis in the MINI were then submitted to the application of the specific MINI-TRACKING module and PHQ-9 and/or GAD-7 and/or AUDIT and/or BPRS. Results: During Phase 1, a total of 1,545 people were interviewed. The Mini-SMD positive evaluations in the areas of FHS without MS, FHS with MS and traditional BHU were 33.9%, 34.6% and 40.3%, respectively. The crude Odds Ratio (OR) of the results in the comparison between FHS without MS and traditional BHU was 0.76 (p=0.037). The OR was adjusted for area, age, schooling and socioeconomic level (variables that presented significant OR), with a result of 0.752 (p=0.042). The comparison between the FHS set with and without MS versus traditional BHU also showed a trend towards a lower number of MD in the FHS areas (Gross OR=1.294, p=0.021, adjusted OR=1.257, p=0.048). In the Phase 2 of the study, 773 subjects were randomly selected, and of these, 538 agreed to participate. In the areas of FHS without MS, FHS with MS and traditional BHU, the MINI positive evaluation occurred in 39.1%, 35.1% e 48.3%, respectively. The crude OR of the results in the comparison between FHS with and without MS versus traditional BHU was 1.602 (p=0.012) and the adjusted OR for gender, schooling and marital status (variables with significant OR) was 1.523 (p=0.028). No significant differences were observed on the severity of symptoms in the evaluation of the influence of the area according to the type of health service delivered. Conclusions: The present study showed that the specific model of FHS evaluated (with and without MS) was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of MD when compared to an area with care performed by traditional BHU. Regarding severity of symptoms, no significant differences were found between the three areas studied.