No description available.

The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression of cardiovascular miRNAs in peripheral blood of mothers after delivery. MiRNAs are small non-coding RNAs, which significantly modulate posttranscriptional adjustments of mRNA and thus regulate gene expression across biological processess. Dysregulation of miRNAs is associated with many pathological phenomena, thanks that we can use them for diagnosis and potentionaly we can treat these diseases by the manipulation of miRNA gene expression. We examined gene expression of circulating miRNAs associated with cardiovascular diseases, and we investigated, how the expression profile depends on pregnancy course and manifestation of pregnancy-related complications. For this purpose we examined material from 221 mothers 3-10 years after delivery. A group with identical pregnancy-related complication was always compared with a group of mothers after physiological pregnancy. Gene expression of 29 cardiovascular miRNAs in peripheral blood was studied using reverse transcription and quantitative real-time PCR. It was confirmed, that the expression profile of miRNAs differed between pregnancy-related complications and physiological controls. We also confirmed, that the profile of gene expression discovered at mothers 3-10 years after delivery was different...

In this review, we focused on putatively interesting biomarkers of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) in relation to the etiopathology of this disease. Since its etiopathology is still under discussion, the development of novel biomarkers is critical for the correct classification of the patients in order to open personalized treatment options, on the one hand, and to separate true IC/BPS from the numerous confusable diseases with comparable symptom spectra on the other hand. There is growing evidence supporting the notion that the classical or Hunner-type IC (HIC) and the non-Hunner-type IC (NHIC) are different diseases with different etiopathologies and different pathophysiology at the full-blown state. While genetic alterations indicate close relationship to allergic and autoimmune diseases, at present, the genetic origin of IC/BPS could be identified. Disturbed angiogenesis and impairment of the microvessels could be linked to altered humoral signaling cascades leading to enhanced VEGF levels which in turn could enhance leucocyte and mast cell invasion. Recurrent or chronic urinary tract infection has been speculated to promote IC/BPS. New findings show that occult virus infections occurred in most IC/BPS patients and that the urinary microbiome was altered, supporting the hypothesis of infections as major players in IC/BPS. Environmental and nutritional factors may also influence IC/BPS, at least at a late state (e.g., cigarette smoking can enhance IC/BPS symptoms). The damage of the urothelial barrier could possibly be the result of many different causality chains and mark the final state of IC/BPS, the causes of this development having been introduced years ago. We conclude that the etiopathology of IC/BPS is complex, involving regulatory mechanisms at various levels. However, using novel molecular biologic techniques promise more sophisticated analysis of this pathophysiological network, resulting in a constantly improvement of our understanding of IC/BPS and related diseases.

Le vieillissement est l'un premier facteur de risque pour plusieurs maladies telles que l’athérosclérose, la fibrose, l’Alzheimer, le diabète de type 2 et le cancer. L'accumulation de cellules sénescentes avec l'âge contribue au développement de maladies liées à l'âge en induisant une inflammation chronique causée par le phénotype sécrétoire associé à la sénescence (SASP). Il y a également une augmentation de la sécrétion de vésicules extracellulaires (EV) lors de la sénescence. Les EV sont des structures à bicouche lipidique permettant le transport de molécules actives vers des cellules réceptrices. De plus, les EV participent aux effets pathologiques des cellules sénescentes. Ainsi, nous proposons que les macrophages sénescents participent au développement de maladies liées à l’âge en induisant l'inflammation par l’action combinée des facteurs solubles du SASP et des EV. Tout d'abord, nous avons établi un modèle de macrophages sénescents induit par l’oncogène Raf-1. Une analyse transcriptionnelle de notre modèle a démontré un profil inflammatoire régulé par Nf-κB. La sécrétion d'EV est également augmentée par les macrophages sénescents. En outre, les EV dérivées de macrophages sénescents sont enrichies en miARN, tels que miR-21, miR-155 et miR-132, ainsi qu'en protéines ribosomiques, qu'en protéine Alix et qu'en protéine Mvp. Les sécrétions des macrophages sénescents induisent un échappement de la sénescence chez les cellules MEF, probablement par l'action combinée des molécules solubles du SASP et des EV. Nous concluons que les macrophages sénescents sécrètent des signaux prolifératifs et inflammatoires dans les cellules réceptrices, ce qui suggère leur rôle potentiel dans le développement de cancer. Le traitement avec le navitoclax élimine les macrophages sénescents et pourrait prévenir leurs effets pathologiques. / Aging is the first risk factor for several diseases such as atherosclerosis, fibrosis, Alzheimer’s, type 2 diabetes and cancer. The accumulation of senescent cells with age contributes to development of age-related diseases by inducing chronic inflammation. This inflammation is induced by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). During senescence, there is also an increase of extracellular vesicles (EV) secretion. EVs are lipid bilayer structures that allow the transport of active molecules to recipient cells. In addition, EVs participate in pathologic effects of senescent cells. Thus, we propose that senescent macrophages participate in development of age-related diseases by inducing inflammation through the combined effect of SASP soluble factors and EV. First, we established a model of senescent macrophages induced by the oncogene Raf-1. Transcriptional analysis of our model demonstrated an Nf-κB-regulated inflammatory profile. EV secretion is also increased by senescent macrophages. Moreover, EVs derived from senescent macrophages are enriched in miRNA, such as miR-21, miR-155 and miR-132, as well as ribosomal proteins, Alix protein an Mvp protein. Secretion of senescent macrophages induce senescence escape in MEF cell, probably through the combined action of SASP soluble factor and EV. We conclude that senescent macrophages secrete proliferative and inflammatory signals in recipient cell, suggesting their potential role in cancer development. Treatment with navitoclax eliminates senescent macrophages and may prevent their pathological effects.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) are the most common histological types of cervical cancer (CC). The worse prognosis of ADC cases highlights the need for better molecular characterization regarding differences between these CC types. RNA-Seq analysis of seven SCC and three ADC human papillomavirus 16-positive samples and the comparison with public data from non-tumoral human papillomavirus-negative cervical tissue samples revealed pathways exclusive to each histological type, such as the epithelial maintenance in SCC and the maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) pathway in ADC. The transcriptional regulatory network analysis of cervical SCC samples unveiled a set of six transcription factor (TF) genes with the potential to positively regulate long non-coding RNA genes DSG1-AS1, CALML3-AS1, IGFL2-AS1, and TINCR. Additional analysis revealed a set of MODY TFs regulated in the sequence predicted to be repressed bymiR-96-5p ormiR-28-3p in ADC. These microRNAs were previously described to target LINC02381, which was predicted to be positively regulated by two MODY TFs upregulated in cervical ADC. Therefore, we hypothesize LINC02381might act by decreasing the levels ofmiR-96-5p andmiR-28-3p, promoting the MODY activation in cervical ADC. The novel TF networks here described should be explored for the development of more efficient diagnostic tools.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医科学) / 甲第25200号 / 医科博第156号 / 新制||医科||10(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医科学専攻 / (主査)教授 村川 泰裕, 教授 竹内 理, 教授 後藤 慎平 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Durch den Transfer der Gene des heterodimeren T-Zellrezeptors (TZR) mithilfe viraler Vektoren können T-Zellen programmiert werden, ein ausgewähltes Antigen spezifisch zu erkennen. In klinischen Studien wurden solche T-Zellen bereits mit Erfolg zur Immuntherapie von Krebs und viralen Infektionen eingesetzt. Genmodifizierte T-Zellen unterscheiden sich jedoch von normalen T-Zellen, weil sie neben den beiden zelleigenen auch die zwei übertragenen TZR-Gene exprimieren. Diese Situation erlaubt die Bildung vier verschiedener TZR-Heterodimere: der zelleigene TZR, der übertragene TZR und zwei gemischte TZR, bestehend aus je einer übertragenen und einer zelleigenen TZR-Kette. Gemischte TZR bergen das Risiko von Nebenwirkungen, weil sie durch Zufall gesundes Körpergewebe erkennen und so Autoimmunität auslösen könnten. In dieser Arbeit wurden deshalb virale Vektoren entwickelt, die gleichzeitig mit der Übertragung von neuen TZR-Genen den zelleigenen TZR durch RNA Interferenz (RNAi) unterdrücken. Mikro-RNA (miRNA), die in den Vektor MP71 eingefügt wurden, reduzierten den zelleigenen TZR in Maus-T-Zellen um mehr als 85%. Dies hatte zur Folge, dass beide Ketten des übertragenen P14-TZR in gleicher Menge auf der Zelloberfläche exprimiert wurden und die Bildung von gemischten TZR reduziert wurde. In einem Mausmodell der adoptiven T-Zelltherapie verhinderte die Unterdrückung des zelleigenen TZR die Entstehung von Autoimmunität, die andernfalls durch gemischte TZR verursacht wurde. Im Gegensatz dazu führte die Anwendung von gentechnisch optimierten P14-TZR-Genen weder zur angeglichenen Oberflächenexpression der P14-TZR Ketten noch zu weniger Autoimmunität im Mausmodell. Ein anderes Tierexperiment zeigte, dass die miRNA die Funktion der genmodifizierten T-Zellen nicht beeinträchtigte. Schließlich wurde ein viraler Vektor entwickelt und getestet, der die Expression des zelleigenen TZR in menschlichen T-Zellen effektiv unterdrückte und die Bildung von gemischten TZR reduzieren konnte. / T cells can be genetically modified using viral vectors. The transfer of genes encoding both chains of the heterodimeric T cell receptor (TCR) programs T cells to specifically react towards an antigen of choice. Such TCR gene-modified T cells were already successfully applied in clinical studies to treat cancer and viral infections. However, in contrast to nonmanipulated T cells these cells express the transferred TCR in addition to the endogenous TCR and this situation allows the assembly of four different TCR heterodimers: the endogenous TCR, the transferred TCR, and two mixed TCR dimers, composed of one endogenous and one transferred TCR chain. The formation of mixed TCR dimers represents a safety issue because they may by chance recognize self-antigens and thereby cause autoimmune side effects. To overcome this problem, an RNAi-TCR replacement vector was developed that simultaneously silences the endogenous TCR and expresses an RNAi-resistant therapeutic TCR. The expression of miRNA encoded by a retroviral MP71 vector in transduced mouse T cells reduced the surface levels of the endogenous TCR by more than 85%. The knockdown of the endogenous TCR in turn resulted in equal surface expression levels of both transferred P14 TCR chains and prevented the formation of mixed TCR dimers. Accordingly, the development of lethal mixed TCR dimer-dependent autoimmunity (TI-GVHD) in a mouse model of adoptive T cell therapy was dramatically reduced by the knockdown of the endogenous TCR. In contrast, the usage of genetically optimized TCR genes neither resulted in equal surface levels of both P14 TCR chains nor in reduced autoimmunity. A second mouse model demonstrated that the in vivo functionality of the transduced T cells was not negatively influenced by the expression of the miRNA. Finally, an RNAi-TCR replacement vector for human T cells was developed that effectively reduced the expression of the endogenous TCR and prevented the formation of mixed TCR dimers.