O objetivo dessa pesquisa é uma investigação sobre o tempo e suas diferentes possibilidades de percepção, sob ponto de vista do intérprete, durante a performance de obras eletroacústicas mistas, sejam compostas com difusão em tempo diferido ou com processamento em tempo real. Foram estabelecidas as definições de tempo diferido e de tempo real e suas implicações. Apontamos aspectos da evolução da música eletroacústica e da inserção do repertório para flauta nesse contexto. Aspectos de duas obras de referência, Musica su due Dimensioni de Bruno Maderna e Jupiter de Phillippe Manoury, foram analisados sob o enfoque da questão do tempo diferido ou do tempo real. Tendo em vista as particularidades dos aspectos interpretativos da música eletroacústica, escolhemos para estudar alguns parâmetros de interpretação que incluem a produção das técnicas expandidas e suas peculiaridades de amplificação. Realizamos três análises voltadas para a performance de obras em tempo diferido, Flautatualf de Jorge Antunes, Durações de Rodolfo Coelho de Souza e Parcours de L\'Entité de Flo Menezes e duas outras com processamento em tempo real, Lizamander de Russell Pinkston e Dawnligth de Jérôme Combier / The aim of this dissertation is a research about certain categories of musical time and their different possibilities of perception, from the point of view of the performer, during the performance of electroacustics music composed with pre-recorded tape or live electronics computer processing. We propose definitions about fixed time and real time and also their demands. We point out aspects of the evolution of electronic music and of the insertion of the flute repertoire in this context. Aspects of two referencial works, Musica su due Dimensioni by Bruno Maderna and Jupiter by Phillippe Manoury, were analyzed regarding the question of fixed or real time. Concerning the particular interpretative aspects of electroacoustic music we selected to study some parameters of performance that include the prodution of extended techniques and their amplification peculiarities. Regarding performance aspects, we have analysed three works that use pre-recorded tapes: Flautatualf by Jorge Antunes, Durações by Rodolfo Coelho de Souza e Parcours de L\'Entité by Flo Menezes. And two others with live-electronics: Lizamander by Russell Pinkston and Dawnligth by Jérôme Combier.

Este trabalho discute e analisa os processos harmônicos utilizados numa composição eletroacústica mista para Flauta tripla e tape denominada "Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla". O tape desta peça musical está composto de sons de diversos tipos de flautas étnicas, wind controller e sons de aplicativos para celulares. Os eventos musicais do tape estão construídos sobre escalas mesoamericas utilizadas na música para marimbas da região de Guanacaste (Costa Rica) discutidas e detalhadas por Acevedo (1986). A Flauta tripla executada nesta peça é uma versão moderna da Flauta triple deTenenexpan (Veracruz, México) conforme publicação de Boiles e Lafayette na revista da Universidad de Veracruz, em 1965. Os processos harmonicos e as técnicas estendidas utilizadas na peça são comparados com cinco peças do repertório da flauta doce: Fragmente (Shinohara, 1968), Music for a bird (Martin Linde, 1968), Gesten (Klaus Hashagen, 1966), East Wind (Barry Truax, 1981),e Kage (Roderik de Man, 2000). As composições: Fragmente e Music for a bird foram concebidas para flauta doce solo e as composições Gesten, East Wind e Kage são composições eletroacústicas mistas. As referências culturais inseridas em "Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla" também são analisadas e correspondem a objetos encontrados em sítios arqueológicos da Ámerica Central, a arquitetura mesoamericana, os desenhos e figuras geométricas, elementos da natureza e animais das regiões mencionadas, os instrumentos musicais comuns às civilizações pré-colombianas (maia e inca). O uso de diferentes digitações na execução da flauta tripla, o uso de técnicas estendidas, a utilização de amostras sonoras de instrumentos que não necessariamente seguem o temperamento igual e o processamento dos sons que constituem a parte eletroacústica revelam uma atenção especial às questões tímbricas. O resultado geral da obra corresponde a uma ampliação da palheta sonora que se obteria com o instrumento solo por meio da exploração das possibilidades musicais da flauta tripla (execução de acordes, sobreposições de notas e técnicas estendidas) no contexto da música eletroacústica mista. Isso permitiu explorar relações e diálogos entre as flauta tripla e uma ampla gama de sonoridades do tape. / This dissertation analyzes the harmonic processes used in an electroacoustic composition for triple flute and tape called "Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla". The tape of this piece consists of sounds produced by several types of ethnic flutes, wind controller and applications for smartphones. The musical events of the tape are based on mesoamerican scales used in music for marimbas from the Guanacaste (Costa Rica) region, as discussed and detailed by Acevedo (1986). The Triple Flute performed on this piece is a modern version of the Tenenexpan Triple Flute (Veracruz, Mexico), as published by Boiles and Lafayette in a journal of the University of Veracruz in 1965. The harmonic processes and extended techniques used in the piece “Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla” are compared with five other pieces of the contemporary repertoire for recorder: Fragmente (Shinohara, 1968), Music for a bird (Martin Linde, 1968), Gesten (Klaus Hashagen, 1966), East Wind (Barry Truax, 1981), and Kage (Roderik de Man, 2000). Fragment and Music for a Bird were composed for solo recorder Gesten, East Wind and Kage are mixed electroacoustic compositions. The cultural references included in the piece "Uma visão dimensional de uma gama tripla" are also analyzed. They correspond to objects found in archeological sites inCentral America, to features of the Mesoamerican architecture, geometric drawings and figures, elements of nature and animals of the regions mentioned, and also musical instruments that are common to pre-Columbian civilizations (Maya and Inca). The use of different types of fingerprints in the execution of the triple flute, the use of extended techniques, the use of sound samples of instruments that do not necessarily follow the same temperament and the processing of the sounds that make up the electroacoustic part show special attention to timbral issues. The overall result of the work corresponds to an amplification of the sound pick that would be obtained with the solo instrument through the exploration of the musical possibilities of the triple flute (chord execution, note overlays and extended techniques) in the context of mixed electroacoustic music. This allowed him to explore relationships and dialogues between the triple flute and a wide range of sonorities of the tape.. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é uma investigação sobre o tempo e suas diferentes possibilidades de percepção, sob ponto de vista do intérprete, durante a performance de obras eletroacústicas mistas, sejam compostas com difusão em tempo diferido ou com processamento em tempo real. Foram estabelecidas as definições de tempo diferido e de tempo real e suas implicações. Apontamos aspectos da evolução da música eletroacústica e da inserção do repertório para flauta nesse contexto. Aspectos de duas obras de referência, Musica su due Dimensioni de Bruno Maderna e Jupiter de Phillippe Manoury, foram analisados sob o enfoque da questão do tempo diferido ou do tempo real. Tendo em vista as particularidades dos aspectos interpretativos da música eletroacústica, escolhemos para estudar alguns parâmetros de interpretação que incluem a produção das técnicas expandidas e suas peculiaridades de amplificação. Realizamos três análises voltadas para a performance de obras em tempo diferido, Flautatualf de Jorge Antunes, Durações de Rodolfo Coelho de Souza e Parcours de L\'Entité de Flo Menezes e duas outras com processamento em tempo real, Lizamander de Russell Pinkston e Dawnligth de Jérôme Combier / The aim of this dissertation is a research about certain categories of musical time and their different possibilities of perception, from the point of view of the performer, during the performance of electroacustics music composed with pre-recorded tape or live electronics computer processing. We propose definitions about fixed time and real time and also their demands. We point out aspects of the evolution of electronic music and of the insertion of the flute repertoire in this context. Aspects of two referencial works, Musica su due Dimensioni by Bruno Maderna and Jupiter by Phillippe Manoury, were analyzed regarding the question of fixed or real time. Concerning the particular interpretative aspects of electroacoustic music we selected to study some parameters of performance that include the prodution of extended techniques and their amplification peculiarities. Regarding performance aspects, we have analysed three works that use pre-recorded tapes: Flautatualf by Jorge Antunes, Durações by Rodolfo Coelho de Souza e Parcours de L\'Entité by Flo Menezes. And two others with live-electronics: Lizamander by Russell Pinkston and Dawnligth by Jérôme Combier.

La version intégrale de cette thèse est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle à la Bibliothèque de musique de l’Université de Montréal (www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU). / Cette thèse est basée sur une approche méthodologique hybride relevant de recherche-création en musique et de musicologie appliquée à l’interprétation. Elle s’intéresse à cette question centrale : « Quels rôles l’interprète-chercheur occupe-t-il dans un contexte de création ou de re-création (ou d’interprétation) musicale » ? Pour y répondre, l’auteure examine et rend compte du processus créateur et re-créateur de deux œuvres significatives dans son parcours en tant qu’interprète, soit Kathinkas Gesang als Luzifers Requiem (1983-1984) de Karlheinz Stockhausen et La Machi, rituel pour flûtes, électronique et regards (2007-2011) d’Analía Llugdar. Le travail de ces œuvres mixtes qui comportent toutes deux une dimension théâtrale tout en mettant en scène des personnages instrumentaux l’amène aussi à traiter des problématiques de l’appropriation de l’œuvre par l’interprète-chercheur et de la liberté de celui-ci face aux œuvres présentant un haut degré de déterminisme notationnel. La première partie situe les contextes disciplinaires et théoriques des recherches de l’auteure. Le premier chapitre permet de comprendre comment s’exerce la recherche de l’interprète en musique et de situer les différentes modalités dans lesquelles ce type de recherche s’effectue. Le deuxième chapitre explique les notions d’interprétation, d’improvisation et de composition et il situe l’interprète par rapport à ces trois champs d’activités. L’auteure y compare aussi les modes créatifs du théâtre à ceux de la musique tout en s’intéressant aux divers types d’authenticité inhérents au travail d’interprétation. Le troisième chapitre pose le principal angle d’investigation et d’analyse adopté dans cette thèse, soit celui du timbre instrumental. La deuxième partie porte sur Kathinkas Gesang de Stockhausen. Le quatrième chapitre présente une chronologie récapitulative des différentes grandes périodes d’appropriation de l’auteure. Le cinquième chapitre présente et met en contexte le symbolisme du cycle Licht, die sieben Tage der Woche (1977-2003), dans lequel Kathinkas Gesang s’insère. Le sixième chapitre est voué à une analyse du symbolisme attribué au timbre des principaux instruments que l’on retrouve dans Licht. Le septième chapitre évalue l’impact de la présence des interprètes dans le processus compositionnel chez Stockhausen tout en traitant de la question du casting dans Licht. Le huitième chapitre s’articule en un lexique timbral présentant une exégèse des techniques de jeu employées dans Kathinkas Gesang pour produire divers types de timbres. La troisième partie porte sur La Machi d’Analía Llugdar. Dans le neuvième chapitre, l’auteure présente la structure générale de l’œuvre et son synopsis et elle traite du rôle qu’elle a joué dans le processus de création de cette œuvre. Le dixième chapitre prend la forme d’un lexique timbral présentant une exégèse des différentes techniques de jeu employées dans l’œuvre pour produire divers types de timbres. Dans la conclusion, trois sphères d’action et six rôles-types de l’interprète-chercheur en création et en re-création musicale sont identifiés. De plus, des réponses aux problématiques de l’appropriation de l’œuvre et de la liberté de l’interprète sont apportées. L’auteure y suggère également des pistes de réflexion pour la recherche- création en musique et elle y présente les principales retombées de la thèse. / This dissertation is based on a hybrid methodological approach belonging to research-creation in music and musicology applied to performance. It explores the following central question : “What roles are occupied by the performer-researcher in a context of musical creation or re-creation (or performance)” ? In response, the author examines and relates the creative and re-creative process for two significant works in her practice as a performer : Kathinkas Gesang als Luzifers Requiem (1983- 1984) by Karlheinz Stockhausen and La Machi, rituel pour flûtes, électronique et regards (2007-2011) by Analía Llugdar. The work on these mixed electroacoustic music pieces that both include a theatrical dimension and the staging of instrumental characters also leads her to consider issues of appropriation of the piece by a performer-researcher and their freedom when faced with pieces involving a high level of notational determinism. The first part lays out the discipline-based and theoretical contexts of the author’s research. Chapter 1 provides insight into how a performer’s research is carried out in music and situates the different ways in which this type of research is undertaken. Chapter 2 explains the notions of performance, improvisation and composition, and it positions the performer in relation to these three fields of activity. The author also compares creative approaches in theatre to those in music, while exploring different types of authenticity inherent in the interpretive process. Chapter 3 presents the principal angle of investigation and analysis adopted in this dissertation, that of instrumental timbre. The second part focusses on Kathinkas Gesang by Stockhausen. Chapter 4 presents a recapitulative chronology of the different major periods of the author’s performance. Chapter 5 presents and contextualizes the symbolism of the cycle Licht, die sieben Tage der Woche (1977-2003), from which Kathinkas Gesang is taken. Chapter 6 is devoted to the analysis of the symbolism attributed to the timbre of Licht’s main instruments. Chapter 7 evaluates the impact of the performer’s presence during the compositional process for Stockhausen, while exploring the question of casting in Licht. Chapter 8 is articulated around a lexicon of timbre presenting an exegesis of the playing techniques used in Kathinkas Gesang to produce various types of timbres. The third part focusses on La Machi by Analía Llugdar. In Chapter 9, the author presents the general structure of the piece and its synopsis, and she explores the role she played in the creative process of this piece. Chapter 10 takes the form of a lexicon of timbre presenting an exegesis of playing techniques used in the piece to produce various types of timbres. In the conclusion, three spheres of action and six archetypal roles of the performer-researcher in musical creation and re-creation are identified. Furthermore, answers to the issues of appropriation of the piece and the performer’s freedom are proposed. The author also suggests reflections for research-creation in music and she presents the main outcomes of the dissertation.