No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

<p><em>Background & Rationale</em>: Early mobilization (EM) can minimize intensive care unit aquired weakness (ICUAW) among survivors of critical illness. Clinician awareness of ICUAW, perceived barriers to EM, and acute rehabilitation in Canadian ICUs have not been well described.</p> <p><em>Objective:</em> To assess (1) awareness of ICUAW and EM, (2) perceived institutional, clinician, patient level barriers to EM, (3) stated practice of acute rehabilitation in Canadian ICUs.</p> <p><em>Design</em><strong>:</strong> A cross-sectional, self administered postal survey</p> <p><em>Setting:</em> Academic Intensive Care Units (ICUs) in Canada</p> <p>Subjects: 134 physiotherapists and 302 critical care physicians</p> <p><em>Interventions & Measurements:</em> Item generation followed a review of relevant literature and discussion with 26 content experts. We reduced the survey to 10 domains and 29 specific questions. The survey intrument was piloted and evaluated for clinical sensibility and intra-rater reliability. Up to 3 surveys were mailed to potential respondents. Descriptive statistics were reported as proportions, means (+/- SD) or mode, as appropriate. We used the chi-squared test to compare proportions and multi-variate logisitc regressions to test for association between independent and dependent variables. <em></em></p> <p><em>Main Results:</em> The survey instrument had excellent clinical sensibility and good intra-rater reliability (Cohen’s kappa > 0.4). The overall response rate was 71.3% (311/436) including 87.3% (117/134) of physiotherapists and 64.2% (194/302) of physicians. The incidence of ICUAW in the general medical-surgical population was under-recognized by 68.8% of clinicians and 59.8% of clinicians stated they were either insufficiently trained or informed to mobilize mechanically ventilated patients. Excessive sedation and medical instability were perceived as the most important patient barriers. Limited staffing, safety concerns (by nurses) and delayed clinician recognition to initiate EM were key provider barriers to EM. Important institutional barriers to EM included insufficient guidelines and equipment. Only 19.9% of clinicians stated that patients with suspected ICUAW were referred to an out-patient clinic after ICU discharge for long term rehabilitation.</p> <p><em>Conclusions</em>: Over 60% of respondents to this national survey underestimated the incidence of ICUAW and do not feel adequately trained to mobilize mechanically ventilated patients. Multiple patient, provider and institutional barriers may also contribute. Clinical leaders and administrators should consider these modifiable factors when designing EM programs in the ICU.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Hunger and food insecurity are lingering public health problems, made more challenging by their evolving definitions, broad landscapes of interest groups, and complex political solutions. There is an important role for public health professionals and congressional committees in shaping the discourse and fortifying their relevance in food security policymaking. In short, the what, when, and who of issue definition becomes a foundation for food security policymaking. This study used in-depth content analysis to examine the evolution of food security discourse and interest group mobilization between 1974 and 2009 in media coverage of the issue of food security. Additionally, over 200 congressional documents were analyzed to investigate the role of specialized congressional committees in sustaining political attention to the issues of hunger and food security. The findings of this three-paper dissertation indicated that the evolution of food security conceptualization is ongoing and less comprehensive than anticipated. The study also found public health groups' remained at the periphery of mobilization on the issue. Finally, results demonstrated that congressional attention to hunger was significantly sustained during periods when a select committee, along with prominent policy entrepreneurs, was dedicated to the issue. The chapters and conclusion of the dissertation discuss ways in which public health groups can refine their media presence and move from the margin of mobilization to more effectively drive food security discourse in both the informal media venue and more formal policymaking venue of Congress in order to positively influence public health policies and outcomes related to food security. / Public Health

Youth wings exist worldwide, connect youths with political parties, and mobilize youth to political engagement. Youth wings engagement often entails offline political engagement such as debates and demonstrations. However, during the two-year pandemic, youth wings and their members had to move their political engagement mostly online since they and the rest of the world needed to conduct social distancing to stop the spread of the coronavirus. The pandemic ended this year, 2022, and studies have been conducted around political engagement during social distancing. However, no study has researched how the digitalization effect of the pandemic has affected youths' wings and its member's online mobilization and engagement. This study intends, therefore, to study how the eight Swedish youth wing and their members view how their online mobilization and political engagement during the pandemic has changed. Therefore, to understand the youth wings and its members' political mobilization and engagement does the study use semi-structured interviews to gain a subjective understanding of their perspectives. The data was then analyzed through thematic analysis and later theoretical examined through the dimensions of political engagement and mobilization and the private sphere. Finally, these theories were applied to the data to understand what actions can be viewed as political mobilization and engagement and how digital media affect political actions. Youth wings exist worldwide and connect youths with political parties and mobilize youth to political engagement. Youth wings engagement often entails offline political engagement such as debates and demonstrations. However, during the two-year pandemic, youth wings and their members had to move their political engagement mostly online since they and the rest of the world needed to conduct social distancing to stop the spread of the coronavirus. The pandemic ended this year, 2022, and studies have been conducted around political engagement during social distancing. However, no study has researched how the digitalization effect of the pandemic has affected youths' wings and its member's online mobilization and engagement. This study intends, therefore, to study how the eight Swedish youth wing and their members view how their online mobilization and political engagement during the pandemic has changed. Therefore, to understand the youth wings and its members' political mobilization and engagement does the study use semi-structured interviews to gain a subjective understanding of their perspectives. The data was then analyzed through thematic analysis and later theoretical examined through the dimensions of political engagement and mobilization and the private sphere. Finally, these theories were applied to the data to understand what actions can be viewed as political mobilization and engagement and how digital media affect political actions.

No description available.

ABSTRAKT Bakgrund: Efter att regelbundet under studierna på sjuksköterskeprogrammet stöttpå informationen om att postoperativ mobilisering är en viktig omvårdnadsåtgärdhar författarna saknat information och kunskap kring vad för effekter denpostoperativa mobiliseringen faktiskt har på patienterna. Författarna valde attundersöka dessa effekter utifrån de patienter som undergått någon typ avbukkirurgiskt ingrepp. För att sjuksköterskor och övrig sjukvårdspersonal skallkunna arbeta evidensbaserat anser författarna att denna typ av information ärviktig att framföra och stärka med just evidens för att på ett så bra och säkert sättsom möjligt kunna implementeras i det postoperativa omvårdnadsarbetet. Syfte: Att belysa effekter av postoperativ mobilisering efter bukkirurgi. Metod: Examensarbetet är en litteraturstudie med kvantitativ ansats. Resultatetbaseras på totalt tio artiklar hämtade från databaserna Chinal, PudMed ochMedline. Alla artiklar har granskats via SBU:s kvalitetsgranskningsmall ochanalyserat enligt Fribergs (2006) analysmetod där teman och subteman skapades. Resultat: Resultatet redovisades via de teman som skapades under analysen.Längd på sjukhusvistelse, respiratorisk påverkan, cirkulatorisk påverkan ochgångförmåga. Ett samband av effekt mellan dessa teman och postoperativmobilisering efter bukkirurgi visades endast vid längd för sjukhusvistelsen, femav åtta P-värden visade på detta. Konklusion: Längden på sjukhusvistelsen sågs bli kortare hos patienter sommobiliserades postoperativt efter bukkirurgi i en högre grad än de sommobiliserades i mindre grad. Gällande övriga teman som tagits upp i studien krävsvidare studier då ett lågt antal artiklar inkluderade dessa och författarna anser attfler artiklar behövs för att kunna anse att resultatet är evidensbaserat. Nyckelord: Postoperativ, mobilisering, bukkirurgi. / ABSTRACT Background: During our studies at the nursing program the authors often heardand read that postoperative mobilization is an important part of postoperative care.The issue that the authors had regarding this information was that they never gotthe information regarding what kind of effect the postoperative mobilizationactually has on the patients. The authors decided to examine the postoperativeeffect of mobilization in patients that have undergone abdominal surgery. Thiskind of information is important both for nurses and other hospital staff so thatthey can work in an evidence based way and implement mobilization in a correctway in the postoperative care. Purpose: To illustrate the effect of postoperative mobilization after abdominalsurgery. Method: This is a literature study with a quantitative approach. The result is basedon ten articles retrieved from the databases, Chinal, PubMed and Medline. Allarticles have undergone a quality review template from SBU and they have alsobeen analyzed according to Fribergs ́s (2006) analysis method where themes andsub themes were created. Results: The results were presented in the themes that we created during theanalysis. Length of hospital stay, respiratory effects, circulation effects andwalking ability. The only connection that we saw was between postoperativemobilization after abdominal surgery and length of hospital stay, five out of eightP-values showed that. Conclusion: The length of stay was shorter in the patients that got mobilized morethan the patients in the test group. Regarding the other themes in this study theauthors think that it needs to be studied further with more articles to present aevidenced based result. Keywords: Postoperative, mobilization, abdominal surgery.

Much research has been done to explain how the late 2000s housing bubble burst, but little work has been done to see how working-class people responded and are responding to the issue of foreclosure in their communities. City Resistance, a grassroots community organization, transforms working class people from passive actors going through foreclosure to militant activists seeking to stay in their homes. My two-year ethnographic study chronicles the meetings, civil disobedience, and everyday lives of an organization of 300+ members in a medium sized, declining city, in the Northeast. It seeks to understand the multiple processes by which primarily Black and Latino members of the organization are transformed into radical subjects, but also the limits of that radicalism. A central contradiction is that the organizing model must address the immediate needs of members by servicing them and thus creating a belief in the legal system and the protections it offers, while simultaneously pushing them to think about housing as a human right, to move beyond their taken for granted conceptualizations of capitalism.

This study develops and tests a theoretical model drawing on social psychological and resource-mobilization perspectives of social movement theory to explain changes in social movement participation and support for activism among Earthwatch Expedition volunteers. The social psychological perspective of social movements recognizes the role of self-efficacy and consciousness-raising for the participation in and success of social movement organizations. The resource mobilization perspective of social movements stresses rationality and the importance of funding and networks for the success of social movement organizations. Utilizing these two theoretical perspectives as my foundation, I hypothesize that participation in an Earthwatch Expedition increases volunteers' participation in social movement organizations in ways such as making monetary donations, voting with the organization's platform in mind, or attending rallies and marches. I also hypothesize that volunteers will increase their support for others who participate in these same types of activities. Earthwatch Expeditions are a form of alternative tourism in which volunteers participate in any of 126 different types of 10-14 day research-oriented expeditions that may include evaluating the health of a coral reef, studying maternal health among west African women, assessing the killer whale population off the coast of Puget Sound, or recording oral history in Dominica. I conducted pre- and post-trip surveys in June and July of 1998, resulting in 363 completed surveys. I analyzed data using multiple regression to discover relationships between pre-trip and post-trip measures of social movement participation, activism support, networks, self-efficacy, and consciousness-raising. In other words, I explored ways in which an alternative tourism experience like Earthwatch can change a person's ideas about their own social movement participation, the social movement activities of others, their perceived ability to overcome obstacles in order to implement social change, and their awareness of social issues. Results suggest that participation in an Earthwatch Expedition has a positive effect on volunteers' social movement participation, their awareness of social issues, their networks, and their ability to overcome obstacles, but little effect on activism support. / Ph. D.