Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In this study we are evaluating the modular congruencies related to some of its application fields. Another important aspect explored is the existing relationship between the modular congruencies and the finite fields. We will show among other results that the structure of a finite field is completely determined by its cardinality. We will also display a ludic application for the finite field through the so called solitary games. / Neste trabalho estudamos as congruências modulares com vistas a algumas de suas aplicações. Outra vertente explorada é o entrelaçamento existente entre as congruências modulares e os corpos finitos. Mostraremos, entre outros resultados, que a estrutura de um corpo finito é completamente determinada por sua cardinalidade. Também exibiremos uma aplicação curiosa para os corpos finitos através do chamado jogo do solitário (ou, resta um).

En los últimos años, ha crecido la tenencia de los gatos en los hogares, lo que también implica atender sus necesidades básicas, así como su estimulación y recreación, por ese motivo sus dueños buscan nuevas opciones de productos para el bienestar de su gato, ya que pasan mucho tiempo fuera de casa porque trabajan o estudian, generando que la mascota se quede sola todo el día, generando estrés o melancolía, siendo perjudicial para la salud y el bienestar de su gato. Por ello, se creó a Kitty Home, una empresa dedicada a la fabricación y comercialización de casas modulares de entretenimiento para gatos que ofrecen protección, comodidad y juego, con el fin de distraer a la mascota durante el día y mejorar su calidad de vida. El segmento de clientes está conformado por personas de estratos A, B y C, de los distritos de Lima Metropolitana que tienen un gato como mascota y se preocupan por su bienestar y salud. Estas casas modulares son de excelente calidad, de atractivos diseños y ecológicos que se pueden usar como vivienda, donde cada módulo se puede personalizar según el espacio y las necesidades, ya que se pueden apilar al “módulo base” (dormitorio), pudiendo crear innumerables opciones de montaje que pueden ir desde una casa pequeña hasta un edificio completo de entretenimiento para gatos. Es un negocio con grandes proyecciones de crecimiento y que dejará grandes ganancias para sus inversionistas. / In recent years, the ownership of cats in homes has grown, which also implies attending to their basic needs, as well as their stimulation and recreation, for that reason their owners seek new options of products for the welfare of their cat, already who spend a lot of time away from home because they work or study, causing the pet to be left alone all day, generating stress or melancholy, being detrimental to the health and well-being of your cat. For this reason, Kitty Home was created, a company dedicated to the manufacture and marketing of modular cat entertainment houses that offer protection, comfort and play, in order to distract the pet during the day and improve its quality of life. The customer segment is made up of people from strata A, B and C, from the districts of Metropolitan Lima who have a cat as a pet and are concerned about their well-being and health. These modular homes are of excellent quality, attractive and ecological designs that can be used as a home, where each module can be customized according to space and needs, since they can be stacked to the "base module" (bedroom), being able to create countless mounting options that can range from a small home to a complete cat entertainment building. It is a business with great growth projections and that will leave great profits for its investors. / Trabajo de investigación

Modulare Endoprothesensysteme gehören heute in der Primär- und Revisionsendoprothetik zum Standard in der Orthopädischen Chirurgie. Eine besondere Gruppe sind die sogenannten „Megaendoprothesen“, die vor allem bei der Überbrückung bzw. dem Ersatz sehr großer Defekte an langen Röhrenknochen im Bereich der oberen und unteren Extremitäten einschließlich des Beckens zum Einsatz kommen. Nachdem sie primär für die Tumorchirurgie entwickelt wurden und hier auch die wichtigsten Erfahrungen gesammelt worden sind, hat sich der Anwendungsbereich mittlerweile deutlich erweitert. So bieten sie elegante Lösungsmöglichkeiten auch in der Revisionschirurgie und in bestimmten Fällen periprothetischer Frakturen. Als gewichtige Vorzüge sind insbesondere die unkomplizierte Handhabung und der intraoperativ nahezu unbegrenzte Handlungsspielraum herauszuheben. Auf der anderen Seite sind wir mit der steigenden Zahl der Fälle auch in zunehmendem Maße mit schwerwiegenden Problemen und Komplikationen konfrontiert, beispielhaft seien nur die Hüftluxation und die Infektion genannt. Die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit bestand nun zum Einen in einer umfassenden Bestandsaufnahme auf dem Gebiet der Megaendoprothesen anhand der Literatur, zum Anderen in einer speziellen Analyse der Ergebnisse des Modularen Endoprothesensystems München-Lübeck (MML). Es wurden 572 Operationen mit dem MML-System aus 5 Kliniken im Zeitraum von 1994 bis 2010 ausgewertet, wobei besonderes Augmerk auf Probleme und Komplikationen gelegt wurde. Schlüsselwörter: Meagaendoprothese, Modulares Endoprothesensystem, Tumorendoprothesen, Knochentumoren, Revisionsoperation:Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis I Bibliographische Beschreibung II Abkürzungsverzeichnis III 1. Einführung 1 1.1 Entwicklung der Endoprothetik 1 1.2 Megaendoprothesen 2 1.2.1 Grundlagen 2 1.2.2 Charakterisierung der verschiedenen Megaendoprothesen-Systeme 4 1.2.2.1 KMFTRTM/HMRSTM (Kotz Modular-Femur-Tibia-Reconstruction-System/ Howmedica- Modular-Reconstruction-System) 4 1.2.2.2 HSS (Hospital for Special Surgery)-modular-linked systemTM /FINNTM prosthesis 5 1.2.2.3 STANMORETM 6 1.2.2.4 GUEPARTM –Endoprothese 6 1.2.2.5 MUTARSTM (Modular Universal Tumor And Revision System) 7 1.2.2.6 Modulares Endoprothesensystem München-Lübeck (MML) 7 1.3 Zielsetzung 9 2. Publikation 10 3. Zusammenfassung 19 4. Literaturverzeichnis 24 5. Erklärung über die eigenständige Abfassung der Arbeit 30 6. Lebenslauf und wissenschaftlicher Werdegang 31 7. Erhebungsbogen 35 8. Danksagung 38

Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-03T17:58:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTO ALMEIDA BITTENCOURT - TESE PPGCC 2012..pdf: 33887570 bytes, checksum: 348d0986ffb03c3554fefac4ab926a5a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T17:58:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ROBERTO ALMEIDA BITTENCOURT - TESE PPGCC 2012..pdf: 33887570 bytes, checksum: 348d0986ffb03c3554fefac4ab926a5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-29 / A técnica dos modelos de reflexão é um processo de checagem de conformidade entre visões arquiteturais modulares e implementação que permite prevenir e remediar o envelhecimento de software através do combate à deterioração arquitetural. Contudo, o esforço manual necessário para aplicar a técnica pode terminar evitando seu uso na prática, especialmente no contexto de evolução de software em processos de desenvolvimento leves. Em termos mais específicos, a técnica é custosa para: i) produzir um modelo de alto nível e o mapeamento entre as entidades do código-fonte e este modelo; ii) manter tanto o modelo como o mapeamento atualizados à medida que o software evolui; e Ui) analisar a normalmente longa lista de violações arquiteturais no código fonte. Este trabalho procura habilitar a checagem de conformidade estática de software em evolução através da automação parcial do esforço manual para aplicar a técnica de modelos de reflexão. Para fazê-lo, primeiramente é avaliado o potencial de técnicas de agrupamento para a geração e manutenção de modelos de alto nívei. Também é proposta e avaliada uma técnica de mapeamento incremental entre entidades do código-fonte e modelos de alto nível baseada na combinação da recuperação de informação de vocabulário de software com dependências estruturais. Por fim, uma técnica de priorização baseada na história do software para recomendar as violações arquiteturais no código-fonte mais provavelmente relevantes do ponto de vista dos desenvolvedores de software é relatada e avaliada. Técnicas de agrupamento são avaliadas através de medidas de acurácia e estabilidade. Os resultados para quatro diferentes algoritmos de agrupamento mostram que nenhum deles consegue o melhor desempenho para todas as medidas, e que todos eles apresentam limitações para prover a geração automática de modelos de alto nível. Por outro lado, a avaliação sugere que a etapa de mapeamento da técnica de modelos de reflexão pode ser habilitada pela técnica proposta de mapeamento incremental automático que combina estrutura e vocabulário. Em dois estudos de caso, esta técnica obteve os maiores valores de medidaF em mudanças de código-fonte unitárias, pequenas ou grandes. Finalmente, a avaliação da técnica de priorização de violações mostra que, de cinco fatores estudados, a duração da violação e a co-locação da violação correlacionam bem com a relevância das violações. Os resultados sugerem que estes fatores podem ser usados para ordenar as violações mais provavelmente relevantes, com uma melhoria de pelo menos 57% em relação a uma linhabase de violações selecionadas aleatoriamente. A análise dos resultados sugere que a produção de modelos de alto nível para checagem estática de conformidade arquitetural pode ser auxi'iada por um processo semi-automático de recuperação arquitetural, e, à medida que o software evolui, por técnicas incrementais de agrupamento/mapeamento. Por outro lado, a análise dos resultados para a técnica de priorização sugere a eficácia de uma abordagem automatizada para a recomendação de violações arquiteturais a serem analisadas pelos desenvolvedore: do software. / The refíexion model technique is a static conformance checking technique to keep architecture module views and implementation conformant. It can either prevent or remedy software aging by combating architecture deterioration. However, the amount of manual effort to apply the technique may prevent its use in practice, especially in the context of software evolution in lightweight development methods. More specifically, it can be time-consuming and costly to: i) produce a high-level model and the mapping between source code entities and this model; ii) keep both model and mapping up-to-date as software evolves; and Ui) analyze the usual large number of architectural violations in the source code reported by the technique. This work tries to enable static conformance checking of evolving software by partially automating the manual effort to apply the refíexion model technique. To do so, the potential of clustering techniques to generate high-level models and keep them up-to-date is evaluated. It is also proposed and evaluated an incremental mapping approach between source code entities and high-level models based on the combination of information retrieval of software vocabulary and structural dependencies. Last, a prioritizing technique based on software history to recommend architectural violations in the source code most likely to be relevant to software developers is reported and evaluated. Clustering techniques are evaluated by measures of accuracy and stability, and results for four different clustering algorithms show that none of them performs best for ali measures, and that they are limited to provide fully automated generation of high-level models. On the other hand, evaluation suggests that the mapping step in the refíexion model technique can be enabled by the proposed incremental automated mapping technique that combines structure and vocabulary. In two case studies, the combined technique showed the highest F-measure values for both singleton, small and large source code changes. Finally, evaluation for the prioritizing technique shows that, from five studied factors, violation duration and violation co-location correlate well with violation relevance. Results suggest that these factors can be used to rank the violations most likely to be relevant, with an improvement of at least 57% against a baseline of randomly selected violations. Analysis of the results suggests that the producton of high-level models for static conformance checking can be aided by a semi-automated architecture recovery process, and, as software evolves, by incremental clustering/mapping techniques. On the other hand, analysis of the results for the prioritizing technique suggests the effectiveness of an automated approach to recommend architectural violations to bí analyzed by software developers.

Im Forschungsprojekt wurde eine Bauweise für ein modular aufgebautes und flexibel einsetzbares Gestellsystem entwickelt, welches durch integrativen Leichtbau den vorteilhaften Einsatz von Holzfurnierlagenverbund-werkstoffen (WVC) für Verarbeitungs- und Fördermaschinen ermöglicht. Die ingenieurtechnisch relevanten Eigen-schaften des Holzbasiswerkstoffs (u.a. strukturelle Dämpfungseigenschaft) wurden ermittelt und darauf aufbauend ein Profil als Strukturelement des Gestellsystems entwickelt. Hier lag besonderes Augenmerk auf der Gestaltung des Profilquerschnitts. Es wurden verschiedene Querschnittsgeometrien vergleichend untersucht, wobei sich ein ge-schlossenes Kastenprofil als günstig erwies. Ausgehend vom entwickelten Profil wurde die für ein modulares Sys-tem notwendige Verbindungstechnik konzipiert. Folgend wurde schrittweise die modulare Bauweise in Strukturein-heiten umgesetzt sowie parallel Untersuchungen zu Steifigkeit und Festigkeit der Profile fortgeführt. Während der Erprobung von Struktureinheiten unter praxisnahen Bedingungen wurden gewisse konstruktive Verbesserungspo-tentiale deutlich. Diese Änderungen sowie die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus der Material- und Strukturprüfung kamen im Prototyp zur Umsetzung. Schallpegelprofile verschiedener fördertechnischer Anlagen und des entwickel-ten Prototypen wurden abschließend aufgenommen und verglichen. / Aim of the present study was to develop a modular designed and widely employable rack system. Positive properties of wood based materials (WVC) in lightweight structures were identified and integrated for the application in fabri-cation and conveyer technologies. For this purpose relevant properties of wood materials had been investigated (e.g. damping properties). The results of these analyses were the basis for the development of a beam profile, the basic structural design element for the future rack system. The most effort was put into finding the optimal beam cross section. Several different cross sections had been compared, a square sectional beam profile showed the best per-formance. Based on the square sectional beam profile proper connection methods for the modular rack were devel-oped. Structural units were subsequently realized step by step, while the investigation of stiffness and strength of the profiles was continued. The testing of the structural units under simulated field conditions revealed some minor constructional improvement capabilities. The constructional improvements and the knowledge from the material and profile testing were put into practice in the prototype. Finally sound measurements were carried out to compare several conveyors made of different materials (including the prototype) in respect to the emitted sound level.

Durch die Entwicklung der vorgestellten modularen Bauweise ist es möglich, Maschinengestelle aus Holzfurnierlagenverbundwerkstoff (WVC) einfach herzustellen und technisch sinnvoll einzusetzen. Die modulare Bauweise kann sowohl für statische als auch dynamische Beanspruchungen im Allge-meinen Maschinenbau angewendet werden. In einem Baukastensystem werden Maschinenteile aus WVC durch geeignete Verbindungsmittel lösbar zusammengesetzt. Damit ist es möglich, eine hohe Flexibilität in der späteren Nutzung mit einer hohen Variantenvielfalt des Aufbaus durch entsprechend verschiedene Bauteile zu kombinieren. Im Vortrag werden die verschiedenen Belastungen des Holzverbundes im Maschinenaufbau charakte-risiert und auf Probleme bei der Konstruktion eingegangen. Abschließend werden Ergebnisse zu Dau-eruntersuchungen der Verbindungstechnik und des gesamten Maschinenaufbaus vorgestellt und diskutiert. / The development of the presented modular construction allows to manufacture wood veneer compos-ite (WVC) machine racks easily in a technical reasonable way. The modular construction can be used for both static and dynamic loading conditions in mechanical engineering. In the modular construction system the WVC machine components are connected detachable with adequate fasteners. This leads to high flexibility during the construction and assembly process of machine components. In the current presentation the different loading conditions of WVC profiles are characterized and the problems during construction described. Finally the results of the long term testing of the connection technique are presented and the complete machine system is discussed.

In der technischen Logistik bieten Bauweisen aus Holzverbundwerkstoffen, speziell aus schichtförmigen aufgebauten Halbzeugen (WVC – Wood-Veneer- Composites), eine Alternative zu Konstruktionen aus Metallwerkstoffen, vor allem aufgrund ihrer guten spezifischen mechanischen Eigenschaften sowie ihrer günstigen Korrosionseigenschaften. Benötigte Verbindungsmittel entstammen dabei dem Bau- oder Möbelsektor und sind vorrangig statischen Belastungen angepasst. Der Vortrag gibt einen kurzen Einblick in Bauweisen mit WVC und stellt dabei Forschungsergebnisse zu statischen und dynamischen Untersuchungen an prinzipiell geeigneten Verbindungselementen in den Vordergrund. Dabei wird vor allem auf holztypische Problemstellungen im Zusammenhang mit dynamischen Belastungen eingegangen. An Funktionsmustern werden mögliche Anwendungen in der Fördertechnik, speziell für den Stückguttransport, dargestellt.

Aufbauend auf historischen Anwendungen von Holzwerkstoffen in der Technik werden Vor- und Nachteile aus der Sicht des Maschinenbaus dargestellt sowie eine aktuelle Eignung dahingehend diskutiert. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit erfährt der integrative Leichtbau mit Holzfurnierlagenverbundwerkstoffen (Wood Veneer Composite, WVC). Durch deren modifizierbares Eigenschaftsprofil, in Verbindung mit einer an den Anwendungsfall angepassten Bauweise, ist eine zusätzliche Funktionsintegration möglich. Das Potenzial der Holzwerkstoffe wird an verschiedenen Konstruktionsbeispielen erläutert. Ergänzend werden Biege-Ersatz Emodul und Bauteilverformung eines Strukturelementes sowie Ergebnisse aus Ermüdungsversuchen der Verbindungstechnik dargestellt. Abschließend werden Probleme beider Umsetzung verschiedener Prototypen beschrieben und deren Lösung aufgezeigt. / Based on several historical applications of Wood Veneer Composites (WVC) the advantages and disadvantages of wood materials in today`s mechanical and plant engineering are discussed. Integrated WVC lightweight structures are especially taken into account. The highly modifiable mechanical properties of WVC’s allow application-adapted integration of further technical functions. The capabilities of integrated lightweight structures based on wood materials are demonstrated on several technical applications. Furthermore results of flexural tests, precisely the retrieved substitutet bending modulus and the maximal deflection as well as results of fatigue testing of the connecting components are given. Finally problems occurring during realization of WVC lightweight prototypes and their potential solutions are shown.

The purpose of this dissertation is to present to the students of basic education a powerful tool in the resolution of Arithmetic such as Modular Congruence. We initiate our study by approaching the main basics concepts of Number Theory: Divisibility, Eucledian Division, Greatest Common Divisor, Remainder modular arytmetics, culminating with Modular Congruence and its applications: Chinese Remainder Theorem and Intergers. / A presente dissertação tem como objetivo apresentar aos alunos do ensino básico uma poderosa ferramenta na resolução de problemas aritméticos, que é a Congruência modular. Para tanto, iniciamos nosso estudo abordando conceitos básicos da teoria dos números: divisibilidade, divisão euclidiana, máximo divisor comum, mínimo múltiplo comum, análise de restos, culminando com a congruência modular e algumas de suas aplicações: Teorema Chinês dos restos e Partilha de senhas.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Armando Caputi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional - PROFMAT, Santo André, 2018. / Nesta dissertação, apresentamos os dígitos que verificam erros em códigos numéricos e os códigos que identificam e corrigem erros em informações transmitidas ou armazenadas. Em relação aos dígitos que verificam erros, enfocamos os sistemas modulares, os principais erros que podem ser cometidos na digitação de sequências numéricas e a eficiência do dígito para detectar sua presença. Já em códigos corretores de erros, denotamos os conceitos de um código e sua utilidade em um sistema de comunicação, mostramos como codificar uma informação e depois como decodificá-la corrigindo erros, caso existam. Finalmente, explicitamos algumas aplicações dos dígitos verificadores e códigos corretores de erros para o Ensino Fundamental e Médio. / In this dissertation, we present the digits that verify errors in numerical codes and the codes that identify and correct errors in transmitted or stored information. Regarding the digits that verify errors, we focus on the modular systems, the main errors that can be presented during the typing of numerical sequences and the efficiency of the digit to detect their presence. As for theerror-correcting codes, we denote the concepts of a code and its use in a communication system, we show how to code pieces of information and then how to decode it correcting errors, in case they exist. Finally, we described in details some applications of the verifier digits and error correction codes for Elementary and Middle School.