The semiconductor industry has been driven by Moore's law for almost half a century. Miniaturization of device size has allowed more transistors to be packed into a smaller area while the improved transistor performance has resulted in a significant increase in frequency. Increased density of devices and rising frequency led, unfortunately, to a power density problem which became an obstacle to further integration. The processor industry responded to this problem by lowering processor frequency and integrating multiple processor cores on a die, choosing to focus on Thread Level Parallelism (TLP) for performance instead of traditional Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP). While continued scaling of devices have provided unprecedented integration, it has also unfortunately led to a few serious problems: The first problem is that of increasing rates of system failures due to soft errors and aging defects. Soft errors are caused by ionizing radiations that originate from radioactive contaminants or secondary release of charged particles from cosmic neutrons. Ionizing radiations may charge/discharge a storage node causing bit flips which may result in a system failure. In this dissertation, we propose solutions for online detection of such errors in microprocessors. A small and functionally limited core called the Sentry Core (SC) is added to the multicore. It monitors operation of the functional cores in the multicore and whenever deemed necessary, it opportunistically initiates Dual Modular redundancy (DMR) to test the operation of the cores in the multicore. This scheme thus allows detection of potential core failure and comes at a small hardware overhead. In addition to detection of soft errors, this solution is also capable of detecting errors introduced by device aging that results in failure of operation. The solution is further extended to verify cache coherence transactions. A second problem we address in this dissertation relate to power concerns. While the multicore solution addresses the power density problem, overall power dissipation is still limited by packaging and cooling technologies. This limits the number of cores that can be integrated for a given package specification. One way to improve performance within this constraint is to reduce power dissipation of individual cores without sacrificing system performance. There have been prior solutions to achieve this objective that involve Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) and the use of sleep states. DVFS and sleep states take advantage of coarse grain variation in demand for computation. In this dissertation, we propose techniques to maximize performance-per-power of multicores at a fine grained time scale. We propose multiple alternative architectures to attain this goal. One of such architectures we explore is Asymmetric Multicore Processors (AMPs). AMPs have been shown to outperform the symmetric ones in terms of performance and Performance-per-Watt for a fixed resource and power budget. However, effectiveness of these architectures depends on accurate thread-to-core scheduling. To address this problem, we propose online thread scheduling solutions responding to changing computational requirements of the threads. Another solution we consider is for Symmetric Multicore processors (SMPs). Here we target sharing of the large and underutilized resources between pairs of cores. While such architectures have been explored in the past, the evaluations were incomplete. Due to sharing, sometimes the shared resource is a bottleneck resulting in significant performance loss. To mitigate such loss, we propose the Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Boosting (DVFB) of the shared resources. This solution is found to significantly mitigate performance loss in times of contention. We also explore in this dissertation, performance-per-Watt improvement of individual cores in a multicore. This is based on dynamic reconfiguration of individual cores to run them alternately in out-of-order (OOO) and in-order (InO) modes adapting dynamically to workload characteristics. This solution is found to significantly improve power efficiency without compromising overall performance. Thus, in this dissertation we propose solutions for several important problems to facilitate continued scaling of processors. Specifically, we address challenges in the area of reliability of computation and propose low power design solutions to address power constraints.

Modelling is an important technique in the comprehension and management of complex systems. Queueing network models capture most relevant information from computer system and network behaviour. The construction and resolution of these models is constrained by many factors. Approximations contain detail lost for exact solution and/or provide results at lower cost than simulation. Information at the resource and interactive command level is gathered with monitors under ULTRIX'. Validation studies indicate central processor service times are highly variable on the system. More pessimistic predictions assuming this variability are in part verified by observation. The utility of the Generalised Exponential (GE) as a distribution parameterised by mean and variance is explored. Small networks of GE service centres can be solved exactly using methods proposed for Generalised Stochastic Petri Nets. For two centre. systems of GE type a new technique simplifying the balance equations is developed. A very efficient "building bglloocbka"l. is presented for exactly solving two centre systems with service or transfer blocking, Bernoulli feedback and load dependent rate, multiple GE servers. In the tandem finite buffer algorithm the building block illustrates problems encountered modelling high variability in blocking networks. ': . _. A parametric validation study is made of approximations for single class closed networks of First-Come-First-Served (FCFS) centres with general service times. The multiserver extension using the building block is validated. Finally the Maximum Entropy approximation is extended to FCFS centres with multiple chains and implemented with computationally efficient convolution.

The subject of the present paper is an analysis of two formally similar comment clauses (CCs henceforth) you know and you see with the help of a parallel corpus InterCorp. First, the focus is put on their pragmatic functions; it is attempted to find out whether they perform all the functions that can be realized by you-oriented CCs as identified and characterized by Povolná (2010), i.e. whether they can be found both as appealers and empathizers, inform markers and monitors, and whether they prefer a certain sentence-position. Second, the present paper studies the Czech translation counterparts of the selected CCs; it attempts to offer a summary of the strategies concerning the translation of the CCs into Czech and to identify their most typical Czech equivalents. It also examines to what extend the type of the pragmatic function influences the translation. The theoretical part summarizes the history of the phenomenon of CCs and characterizes and describes two approaches generally applied to CCs: CCs as ordinary clause constituents (Quirk et al. (1985)) vs. CCs as discourse markers (Povolná (2010)). Also offered is the treatment of the equivalents of CCs in the Czech grammars (Cvrček et al. (2010), Daneš, Hlavsa et al. (1987) and Karlík and Grepl (1998, 1999)). The methodological part summarizes...

L'ère des technologies CMOS fortement submicroniques et des circuits à hautes performances temporelles et énergétiques exige la réduction de l'impact sur les circuits : de la fluctuation du procédé de fabrication (P), de la tension d'alimentation (V) et de la température (T). Il est donc nécessaire de mettre en place des capteurs ou ring oscillateurs sur puce dédiés à la qualification intrinsèque des circuits intégrés en termes de PVT. Les capteurs seront activés pendant la phase de test des circuits ou pendant leur phase de fonctionnement normal, et les mesures seront converties en données numériques permettant de classifier les performances temporelles et énergétiques du système-sur-puce. Dans ce cadre, la présente thèse en milieu industriel a permis le développement de techniques et d'algorithmes de compensations post-fabrication en réduisant la consommation et/ou augmentant la vitesse du circuit. Précisément, les algorithmes validés au niveau silicium utilisent l'ajustement de la tension d'alimentation pour une compensation à gros-grain, ainsi que l'ajustement de la tension des substrats des transistors NMOS et PMOS pour une compensation à fin-grain. / The new requirement for nanometer CMOS technologies enabling optimal speedand power performances is to increase the integrated circuits' robustness under thefluctuation of the PVT parameters: Process (P), Voltage (V), and Temperature (T). In thisway, identifying the exact process on a die per die basis using on-chip sensors or ringoscillators becomes a necessity. This hardware (sensors) is used to measure the intrinsicperformance of the silicon either during industrial test or while applications are running. Thesensors' data are converted to a digital format in order to classify parts at the manufacturingstage (speed binning). Within this context, the present thesis has focused on the developmentof post-manufacturing compensation algorithms in order to minimise power consumptionand/or maximise speed. More precisely, the algorithms validated at the silicon level combineboth the voltage scaling for large-grain tuning, and the body biasing for fine-grain tuning.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:32:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LAUREANO, Renata Esmi.pdf: 5495201 bytes, checksum: 783ba90422b4e8850da7dada9aefa9f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-22 / The present study discusses the formation of professionals of education of pre-school children based on the theoretical reference that conceives children as active beings in their growth and development process, which is translated into the construction of a pedagogy of education of pre-school children. Our objective in the study is an experience with the formation of nursery school monitors that occurred in a course given during the period of 2003 to 2006 in a city of the State of S?o Paulo. The aim of our work is to reflect on the emancipative practices developed during this course from the perspective of the formation of nursery school professionals. After the theoretical explanation about the theme, we selected two axes that are fundamental for the work of pre-school child education: caring-educating and playing that in this study constitute the categories of analysis of the proposed theme. The methodology utilized was centered on documental references, the notebook of the registry of personal observations and the declarations of the monitors that were collected in different moments of the course. As a result we verified that emancipative practices point to innovative possibilities in the sphere of practices in the formation of pre-school child education professionals and indicate the need of implanting public policies that contemplate the demand for formation of this category that represents the educators of children from 0 to 6 years of age. / A presente pesquisa discute a forma??o de profissionais para a educa??o infantil com base em referencial te?rico que concebe a crian?a como ser ativo no seu processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento, que se traduz na constru??o de uma pedagogia da educa??o infantil. Nosso objeto de estudo ? uma experi?ncia com forma??o de monitoras de creche, que ocorreu em um curso realizado no per?odo de 2003 a 2006, em uma prefeitura do interior do Estado de S?o Paulo. O objetivo de nosso trabalho ? refletir sobre as pr?ticas emancipat?rias desenvolvidas no decorrer desse curso na perspectiva da forma??o de profissionais da educa??o infantil. Ap?s a explana??o te?rica sobre o tema, elegemos dois eixos que fundamentam o trabalho na educa??o infantil: o cuidar-educar e o brincar, que constituem, nesta pesquisa, as categorias de an?lise do tema proposto. A metodologia utilizada esteve centrada em refer?ncias documentais, no caderno de registro de observa??es pessoais e nos depoimentos das monitoras, coletados nos diferentes momentos do curso. Como resultado, constatamos que as pr?ticas emancipat?rias apontam para as possibilidades inovadoras na esfera de pr?ticas de forma??o de profissionais para a educa??o infantil e indicam a necessidade de implanta??o de pol?ticas p?blicas que contemplem a demanda de forma??o desta categoria, que s?o as educadoras de crian?as de 0 a 6 anos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:52:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IONE GOMES ADRIANO.pdf: 1926182 bytes, checksum: c02d2b3b507a22c38f140c2c7d568a5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-28 / This research set out to identify, understand and interpret the political and educational role of the intellectual monitors who worked in the Grassroots Education Movement (Goiás MEB) on the Serrinha farm in Itauçu, Goiás, from 1961 to 1966, and assemble contributions for the debate on the Education of Youth and Adults (EJA) occurring in Brazil and Goiás. It is based on data from: a) interviews given by three of the main intellectual monitors who participated in the Movement, two of which were given to the author of this thesis and the third to another researcher; b) reports of the Movement itself; c) the existing literature on the subject. As a theoretical framework it uses the writings of Paulo Sérgio Rouanet (interpreter of Gramsci), Gramsci and Paulo Freire. It is based on the theme discussed by Fávero, Peixoto Filho and Rodrigues, especially, and is divided into five parts. The Introduction presents the goals, object of the study, and the theoretical and analytical references for the survey data, and also the methodological and technical procedures for the production of the targeted knowledge. Chapter I presents the political and social context of Goiás and Brazil during the first six years of the 1960s; Chapter II broadly reclaims the history of MEB at national and Goiás levels; Chapter III presents the general historical-geographical, economic, political and social context of the municipality in which Goiás MEB was set up, while Chapter IV explains the political and educational role played by the intellectual monitors of the Movement, in an effort to collate contributions from the experience in order to enrich participation in the discussions taking place on EJA in Brazil today. It could be seen that the methodological process used by the Movement for the formation of its intellectual monitors was that of ongoing dialogue between themselves, the Central Team (CT) and the leaders who worked daily with the community. This dialogue, conscientization and politicization sought by Goiás MEB were carried out through various activities: lectures on the radio, theater, festivals, prayer meetings, theoretical reflections on topics of interest to the community and the study of texts. This occurred through meetings and encounters previously organized by the Movement s CT with the participation of community leaders. According to the interviewees, through the use of a methodological teaching process which created tensions but at the same time shed inhibitions, the Movement led to the acquisition of knowledge while politicizing and valorizing the participants, and contributed towards enhancing the work potential of the leaders in terms of the community. From the data produced by the study, this qualitative research showed that the role played by the intellectual monitor was that of monitoring, explaining, solving the problems of students on the school broadcast; bringing people together in the community to address the problems which arose during debates and contributing towards finding solutions to these problems, by interacting with the community and with the CT, discussing and participating in the planning of the educational process of the school radio, the students and the community, and also mediating the relationship between community and the CT. In summary, the role of the intellectual monitor went beyond that of mere transmitter of the knowledge drawn up by the CT and passed on by the teacher-broadcaster to the school radio students. The data collected would imply that, although the CT passed on the contents to the intellectual monitors who, in turn, passed them on to the students, that the CT knew the theory and not the monitors, in practice (the interviewees themselves acknowledged this) the methodological procedures of the activities proposed by the Movement (dialogue, discussions, meetings and encounters) ended up making for the effective participation of the intellectual monitors and, consequently, the other participants in the construction of the experience. / Esta pesquisa visou identificar, compreender e interpretar o papel político-educativo dos intelectuais-monitores que atuaram no Movimento de Educação de Base (MEB GOIÁS), instalado na Fazenda Serrinha (Itauçu-GO) de 1961 a 1966, e colher contribuições para o debate sobre a Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) que vem ocorrendo no Brasil e em Goiás. Assentou-se em dados: a) de entrevistas concedidas por três dos principais monitoresintelectuais que participaram do Movimento: duas à autora desta dissertação; e uma terceira, concedida a outra pesquisadora; b) de relatórios do próprio Movimento; c) da bibliografia existente sobre a temática. Apoiou-se teoricamente em escritos de Paulo Sérgio Rouanet (interprete de Antônio Gramsci); em Gramsci e em Paulo Freire. Fundamentou-se sobre o tema em Fávero; Peixoto Filho e Rodrigues, especialmente. Foi basicamente estruturada em cinco partes. Na Introdução expõe: objetivos; objeto de estudo; referencial teórico e de análise dos dados da pesquisa; e, também, os procedimentos metodológicos e técnicos de produção do conhecimento almejado. O capítulo I visou expor o contexto político e social do Brasil e de Goiás nos primeiros seis anos da década de 1960; o II buscou recuperar, amplamente, a história do MEB Nacional e a do MEB GOIÁS; o III objetivou traçar, largamente, o contexto histórico-geográfico, econômico, político e social do município em que se instalou o MEB GOIÁS; e o IV visou expor o papel político-educativo desempenhado pelos intelectuaismonitores do Movimento, buscando colher contribuições da experiência para participar dos debates que ocorrem sobre a EJA no Brasil de hoje. Pôde ser verificado que o processo metodológico usado pelo Movimento para a formação de seus intelectuais-monitores foi o diálogo permanente entre eles, a Equipe Central (EC) e os líderes que trabalhavam, cotidianamente, com a comunidade. Esse diálogo, a conscientização e a politização decorrentes e almejadas pelo MEB GOIÁS foram buscadas por várias atividades: aulas pelo rádio; teatro; festas; rezas; reflexões teóricas sobre temas de interesse da comunidade; estudos de textos e outras. Isso ocorreu por meio de reuniões e encontros previamente organizados pela EC do Movimento com a participação dos lideres da comunidade. O Movimento, usando de um processo metodológico de ensino que tanto tencionava como desinibia, tanto propiciava a aquisição de conhecimentos elaborados como politizava e valorizava a cultura dos participantes, contribuiu para aprimorar o potencial de trabalho de seus líderes junto à comunidade, conforme relato dos entrevistados. A partir dos dados que conseguiu reunir, esta investigação qualitativa, mostrou que, o papel desempenhado pelo intelectual-monitor foi o de: acompanhar, explicar, tirar dúvidas dos alunos da Escola Radiofônica (ER); reunir as pessoas da comunidade para equacionar seus problemas, que iam aparecendo no interior dos debates; buscar contribuir para encaminhar esses problemas; interagir com a comunidade e com a EC, discutindo e participando do planejamento do processo educativo dos alunos da ER e da comunidade; e, ainda, mediar a relação entre a comunidade e a EC. Sintetizando, o papel dos intelectuais-monitores foi além de apenas servir de transmissor do conhecimento elaborado pela EC e passado pela professora-locutora aos alunos da ER. Em que pesem os relatos colhidos, de que a EC passava os conteúdos para que os intelectuais-monitores os repassassem aos alunos; de que era a EC que detinha a teoria e eles não, na prática (os próprios entrevistados reconheceram) os procedimentos metodológicos das atividades propostas pelo Movimento (diálogo; discussões; reuniões e encontros) acabaram por permitir a participação efetiva dos intelectuais-monitores e, de resto, dos demais participantes, na construção da experiência.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma metodologia baseada em Algoritmos Genéticos e Teoria dos Conjuntos Fuzzy que determina o número ótimo de medidores de Qualidade de Energia, bem como os pontos onde os mesmos devem ser instalados para monitorar Afundamentos e Elevações de Tensão em redes de transmissão de energia elétrica. A metodologia desenvolvida representa uma ferramenta para diversas áreas de uma empresa de energia elétrica, porque ela indica a melhor maneira para se alocar medidores de Qualidade de Energia, considerando as restrições econômicas a que as empresas estão sujeitas. Além disto, a metodologia também determina a melhor configuração para um sistema de medição para um sistema de potência, quando há barras que devem ser monitoradas e/ou o número de medidores disponíveis é menor que o mínimo necessário para atingir a completa Observabilidade. O trabalho desenvolvido também representa uma importante aplicação dos Algoritmos Genéticos em conjunto com a Teoria dos Conjuntos Fuzzy. Ele define aspectos a serem considerados no problema de monitoração de Qualidade de Energia Elétrica e sugere rapidamente a melhor forma de atender diferentes objetivos e restrições operacionais. A fim de validar o modelo proposto, nesta dissertação, três redes elétricas são avaliadas para determinar o número mínimo de medidores de Qualidade de Energia, bem como a localização onde esses equipamentos deveriam ser instalados. Os níveis de Redundância e de Observabilidade são apresentados, bem como as formulações usadas para atingir os resultados apresentados. / This dissertation presents a methodology based on Genetic Algorithms and Fuzzy Mathematical Programming to determine the optimum number of power quality monitors and the locations they should be installed to measure Voltage Sags and Swells in transmission power networks. The methodology developed represents a tool for planning power networks, because it indicates the best way to allocate the power quality monitors, considering economical constraints. Similar to this, the methodology also determines the best configuration for a monitoring system when there are important busses to monitor and the number of monitors available is lower than the minimal needed to accomplish completely Observability. The work presented here also represents an important Genetic Algorithms application. With fuzzy mathematical programming it easily allows the definition of aspects to be considered in the monitoring problem and quickly suggests the best way to attend different objectives and operational restrictions. In order to validate the developed model proposed in this dissertation three electric power networks are assessed to determine the minimum number of power quality monitors as well as the locations where these devices should be installed. The levels of Redundancy and Observability are presented as well as the formulations used to achieve the results.

Computação nas nuvens e um novo termo criado para expressar uma tendência tecnológica recente que virtualiza o data center. Esse conceito busca um melhor aproveitamento dos recursos computacionais e dos aplicativos corporativos, virtualizados por meio de programas de virtualização de sistema operacional (SO), plataformas, infraestruturas, softwares, entre outros. Essa virtualização ocorre por intermédio de maquinas virtuais (MV) para executar aplicativos nesse ambiente virtualizado. Contudo, uma MV pode ser configurada de tal forma que seu desempenho poderá ter um atraso no processamento por conta de gargalo(s) em algum hardware alocado. A fim de maximizar a alocação do hardware na criação da MV, foi desenvolvido um método de caracterização de aplicações para a coleta de dados de desempenho e busca da melhor configuração de MV. A partir desse estudo, pode-se identificar pelo workload a classificação do tipo de aplicação e apresentar o ambiente mais adequado, um recomendado e não recomendado. Dessa forma, a tendência de se obter um desempenho satisfatório nos ambientes virtualizados pode ser descoberta pela caracterização dos programas, o que possibilita avaliar o comportamento de cada cenário e identificar situações importantes para seu bom funcionamento. Para provar essa linha de raciocínio, foram executados programas mono e multiprocessador em ambientes de monitores de maquinas virtuais. Os resultados obtidos foram satisfatórios e estão de acordo com cada característica de aplicação conhecida previamente. Porem, podem ocorrer situações de exceção nesse método, principalmente quando o monitor de maquinas virtuais, e submetido a processamentos intensos. Com isso, a aplicação pode ter um atraso no processamento por conta do gargalo de processamento no monitor de maquinas virtuais, o que modifica o ambiente ideal dessa aplicação. Portanto, este estudo apresenta um método para identificar a configuração ideal para a execução de um aplicativo. / Cloud computing represents a new age, raised to express a new technology trending that virtualizes the data center. This concept advanced to make a better use of the computational resources and corporate application, virtualizing through the programs of operating systems virtualization, platform, infrastructure, software, etc. This virtualization occurs through the virtual machine (VM) to execute virtualized applications in this environment. However, a VM may be configured in such a way that the performance delays on processing, due to overhead or other hardware allocation itself. In order to maximize the hardware allocation on MV creation, it was developed a methodology of application characterization to collect performance data and achieve the best VM configuration. After this study, based on workload metric, it is possible to identify the classification of the application type and present the best configuration, the recommended environment and the not recommended. This way, the trend to achieve a satisfactory performance in virtualized environment may be discovered through the program characterization, which possibly evaluate the behavior of each scenario and identify important conditions for its proper operation. In order to prove this argument, mono and multi core applications under monitors of virtual machines were executed. The collected results were satisfactory and are aligned with each previously known application characteristic. However, it may occur exceptions in this method, mainly when the monitor of the virtual machine monitor is submitted with high volume of processing.

L’Artériopathie Oblitérante des Membres Inférieurs (AOMI) est une pathologie chronique grave, induite par le processus physiopathologique d’athérosclérose. Diagnostiquée par la mesure de l’Index de Pression Systolique (IPS) de repos cette pathologie se traduit chez la plupart des patients par une ischémie (apports sanguins insuffisants) à l’exercice pouvant causer l’apparition de douleurs au niveau des membres inférieurs lors de la marche. Le premier axe de travail de cette thèse visait à évaluer la pertinence pédagogique des méthodes actuelles d’enseignement de l’IPS dans les facultés de médecine françaises. Les résultats des premiers travaux de recherche qui ont été menés montrent que les méthodes actuelles ne permettent pas aux étudiants de maîtriser les fondamentaux de cette mesure diagnostique. D’autres travaux ont alors été menés afin de définir la place et la forme que devrait prendre l’enseignement de l’IPS dans le cursus médical afin qu’il puisse être acquis par les futurs médecins de manière fiable et durable. Le second axe de travail de cette thèse visait à proposer une nouvelle approche méthodologique basée sur l’utilisation conjointe de deux moniteurs portables (accéléromètre et montre marqueur d’événements) permettant la quantification des douleurs ischémiques à l’exercice des patients atteints d’AOMI en condition de vie réelle. Les résultats issus de ces travaux ouvrent des perspectives nouvelles pour le chercheur ou le clinicien pour la compréhension des limitations fonctionnelles des patients atteints d’AOMI dans leur contexte de vie. / Lower-extremity Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a severe non-communicable disease that is associated with atherosclerosis. Diagnosed by Ankle- Brachial Index (ABI), PAD leads, in most patients, to ischemia (mismatch between blood demand and blood supply) during exercise that may lead to the occurrence of pain in the lower extremities during walking. The first axis of the present thesis was to assess the level of knowledge on this diagnostic tool among French medical students. Our results suggest that the way of teaching or learning the ABI procedure is deficient. According to these results we conducted another study to determine the best teaching method to improve students’ ABI proficiency. The second axis of the present thesis was to proposed a new method using wearable monitors (accelerometer and Micro Motion logger watch) to objectively identify and quantify lower limb walking pain manifestation as well as stop induced by walking pain during daily life in PAD patients. Our results can provide researchers and clinicians with a more realistic and holistic view of the functional limitations of PAD patients in free-living conditions.

Essa pesquisa propõe abordar o problema da alocação de medidores em sistemas de distribuição, de forma a reduzir os custos, garantindo o monitoramento dos distúrbios que afetam a qualidade da energia elétrica, mas também de obter alocações de medidores que facilitem a localização do curto-circuito. O problema de otimização é formulado por meio da programação linear inteira e resolvido por meio de algoritmos adequados para implementar cada modelagem matemática. São considerados sistemas testes com diferentes características, com destaque para a presença de linhas monofásicas e/ou bifásicas, linhas heterogêneas e geradores distribuídos acoplados na rede de distribuição principal. O problema de otimização clássico (reduzir custos garantindo o monitoramento) é retomado e é proposta uma modelagem mais geral, aplicável também a sistemas de distribuição com a presença de ramais monofásicos e/ou bifásicos. A parte da modelagem voltada para o problema da localização de faltas visa à redução das situações de múltipla estimação do local da falta, caracterizadas pela existência de múltiplos pontos no sistema com a mesma distância elétrica até a subestação. Esses dois modelos foram resolvidos separadamente, como dois problemas de otimização mono-objetivo, e em conjunto, sendo portanto, um problema multi-objetivo. As instâncias testadas incluem conjuntos de faltas de todos os tipos, simuladas ao longo das linhas do sistema, considerando a variação da impedância de falta. Os resultados apresentaram soluções de monitoramento para os dois sistemas testes considerados contendo entre 2 e 7 medidores. As soluções alcançadas são atrativas para a concessionária, pois requerem baixo custo de investimento e manutenção dos equipamentos e da infraestrutura de comunicação. A metodologia proposta apresentou alocações dispostas estrategicamente que garantem o monitoramento da qualidade da energia elétrica e minimizam o problema da múltipla estimação da falta, possibilitando o seu uso como suporte a um sistema localizador de faltas. / This research proposes to address the monitors allocation problem in distribution systems, aiming to reduce costs, ensuring the monitoring of disturbances affecting the power quality, but also to obtain monitoring systems that facilitate the process of fault location. The optimization problem is formulated through integer linear programming and solved by suitable algorithms for each mathematical modeling. Test systems with different characteristics, emphasis on the presence of single-phase and/or biphasic lines, heterogeneous lines and distributed generators were considered. The classic optimization problem (reduce costs by ensuring disturbance monitoring) is covered and a more general modeling is proposed, also applicable to distribution systems with the presence of single-phase and/or biphasic branches. The process of fault location is supported through the reduction of the multiple estimation of fault location, characterized by the existence of multiple points in the system with the same electrical distance to the substation. These two models were solved separately, as two mono-objective optimization problems, and together, in a multi-objective perspective. The tested instances include sets of faults of all types, simulated along the lines of the system, considering the fault impedance variation. The results presented monitoring solutions for the two test systems considered containing between 2 and 7 meters. The solutions achieved are attractive to the utility, as they require low investment and maintenance costs for equipment and communication infrastructure. The proposed methodology presented allocations strategically placed that guarantee the power quality monitoring and minimize the multiple estimation problem, allowing its use as support to a faults locator system.