Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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<p>Motion events have been argued to be decomposable into a subeventive structure. The aim of this dissertation is to provide a formal syntactic analysis of motion predicates in Limonese Creole, an endangered Creole language spoken in Costa Rica. Motion predicates denote a motion event in which a figure traverses a given space, with or without an endpoint (TELIC/ATELIC). On the structure of these events, Ramchand (2008, p. 39) among others, suggests that even if the event is analyzed as a single one, its syntax can contain three important subeventive components: a causing subevent, a process denoting subevent and a subevent corresponding to result state (yielding the TELIC interpretation). Contrastive analyses (especially Osei-Tutu, 2019; and Taherkhani, 2019), however, have found that a division between a TELIC and a RESULTATIVE subevent is possible as well. For encoding those different subcomponents of complex motion predicates, serial verb constructions (SVCs) have been attested in different languages, including other Pidgins and Creoles e.g., Ghanaian Student Pidgin, Jamaican Creole. However, those findings contrast with the presence of certain linking elements in Limonese Creole, conceptually related to elements like the “linker” (in terms of den Dikken, 2006). It is precisely this difference what motivates this study, since the presence of the linker an in Limonese Creole does not affect the monoeventivity of the macro-eventive structure of the motion predicate as defined by Bohnemeyer et al. (2007, p. 502). This dissertation proposes that subevents are assembled within the motion event in a layered complement structure (Larson 1991; Benedicto et al., 2020), and that the linker an does not involve coordination, rather it marks the structural border between subeventive components. </p> <p><br></p> <p>CHAPTER 1 introduces the main objective of this project: to provide a formal syntactic analysis of motion predicates in Limonese Creole. Then it refers to relevant issues on motion predicates, namely, a contrast between the approaches that have been used to study motion predicates. Additionally, the gap that the study fills and its contribution to the field are discussed. The study also serves the purpose of visibilizing Limonese Creole as a language and empowering its speakers. Finally, the main sociohistorical features of Limonese Creole are analyzed. </p> <p><br></p> <p>CHAPTER 2 outlines the hypothesized structure for motion predicates in Limonese Creole with all its subcomponents. I provide supporting evidence for the hypothesis by proving the monoeventivity of the complex predicate, the complement relation among subcomponents, and the structural connection between subevents with the LINKER that serves as boundary between subcomponents of motion predicates.</p> <p><br></p> <p>CHAPTER 3 describes the methodological procedures that were implemented for this study. Participants, data collection, and data analysis are described for each of the two stages from which the findings of this dissertation stem. The first stage consisted of a controlled data collection with an instrument of 175 clips with figures in motion with the participation of four speakers. This stage elicited contrasts between parameters of motion predicates. Complementarily, a second stage of  qualitative data collection was conducted to look for clarification, evaluation, and validation of items previously elicited or designed during the first stage. </p> <p><br></p> <p>CHAPTER 4 deals with the vectorization of the trajectory, which corresponds to the PROCESS subevent. I discuss how the vectorization is represented, what elements are present within the vectorization and what elements are prioritized or discarded. Based on this information, I identified the structural conditions behind the combinations in which the subcomponents of MANNER (verbs) and PATH (verbs, particles, and prepositional phrases) are expressed within this PROCESS subcomponent, namely the operations triggered by the [_u +V] feature in v. </p> <p><br></p> <p>CHAPTER 5 discusses the structure of the TELIC and RESULTATIVE subcomponents within the motion predicate in Limonese Creole. Even though this dissertation claims that TELIC and RESULTATIVE are two separate subcomponents, this chapter comprises the two of them as they are intricately related. First, I define TELICITY as a compositionally determined subcomponent which brings an event to its endpoint, then I introduce the hypothesis for the TELIC subcomponent, a semi-grammaticalized VP which I name EndP. The chapter discusses the conditions for TELICITY, more specifically, an interpretation that is returned by the functional projection AspQ after being assigned range by EndP. Additionally, I analyze the role of the outer aspect in the TELIC interpretation of motion predicates. Lastly, I examine the structure of the RESULTATIVE subcomponent by defining it and contrasting it with the TELIC subcomponent. There, I present the hypothesized structure for the subcomponent and examine the positions of the RESULTATIVE projection. </p> <p><br></p> <p>CHAPTER 6 discusses the conclusions, contributions, and areas for future research of this project.</p> <p><br></p>

The educational progress of pupils is of deep concern to pupils, parents, and teachers alike. If one is teaching in an Indian community, he knows that the teaching of music to such children will require different methods from those used in some other community. Often the pupils have had little or no experience with music. The effective school adjusts its curriculum to the abilities and needs of all pupils. The general music class in the junior high school is the heart of the music program. The pupil’s growth in musical values is the teacher’s responsibility. The materials and methods of the music teacher cannot be effective unless they are chosen and used with a total picture in mind of the child and his background. Classroom situations must be set up which consider and encompass as well as possible the student’s environment, his personal needs, and his present interests and attitudes.

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are widespread persistent organic pollutants. The metabolism of PCBs by various organisms involves many steps that can lead to the formation of a wide range of metabolites. These metabolites frequently exhibit a toxicity and biodegradability different than the parent compounds. There is currently little information available about the biological effects of PCB hydroxylated metabolites that can be generated by various organisms and potentially released into the environment. The objective of the present research is to compare the toxicity of selected PCB congeners and their corresponding mono-hydroxylated metabolites. To achieve this objective, the following specific aims were performed: (1) to determine the effect of selected PCBs and PCB hydroxylated metabolites on the growth rate of a model PCB-degrading bacterium, Burkholderia xenovorans LB 400, (2) to determine the microbial toxicity of PCBs and PCB metabolites using the bioluminescent assay Microtox®, and (3) to determine the estrogenicity of PCBs and PCB metabolites using the Yeast Estrogen Screen assay (YES). The effects of a range of PCBs (PCB-2, -3, -8, -9, -30, -35, -36, -39, -61, -68, and -79) and their mono-hydroxylated metabolites on the growth rate of the PCB degrader, Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, were recorded. The results showed that the parent PCBs (50 mg L-1) did not affect the growth rate of LB400 although their hydroxylated metabolites strongly inhibited microbial growth. Using Microtox® assay, Parent PCBs (50 mg L-1) did not exhibit observable toxicity, while their hydroxylated metabolites showed a high level of toxicity (EC50 ranges from 2 mg L-1 to 46 mg L-1). Results using the YES assay also showed that the estrogenicity of hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs (50 mg L-1) was higher than the parent PCBs. The results obtained from the present study show that mono-hydroxylated metabolites of PCBs are more toxic than the corresponding parent PCBs. Because hydroxylated PCB derivatives are produced by a range of organisms and potentially released into the environment, this work raises new concerns associated with the environmental fate of PCBs. / Civil Engineering

Yes / In this study, a new three-dimensional (3-D) model was developed to provide better understanding of the mechanism for wave-induced seabed response around mono-pile. Based on poro-elastic theory, the fully dynamic (FD) formulations were adopted in the present model to simulate pore water pressure, soil stresses, displacements of both soil and mono-pile. Good agreement between numerical simulation and experimental results was obtained. Based on parametric study, numerical results indicated: (1) wave diffraction and reflection have significant effects on pore water pressure and soil displacements around mono-pile; (2) the most sensitive position for seabed parameter to pore water pressure around mono-pile locates in front of mono-pile while the least sensitive position is at the position of angle 3π/4 with respect to the incident wave direction; and (3) the increase of mono-pile horizontal displacement corresponds to the increase of wave height and the decrease of seabed Young's modulus. / National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51425901), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51209082, 51379071, 41176073), the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20120094120006, 20130094110014), the 111 project (B12032), the 333 project of Jiangsu Province (2013Ⅲ-1882)

Cell phenotypic transitions, or cell fate decision making processes, are regulated by complex regulatory networks composed of genes, RNAs, proteins and metabolites. The regulation can take place at the epigenetic, transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels to name a few. Epigenetic histone modification plays an important role in cell phenotype maintenance and transitions. However, the underlying mechanism relating dynamical histone modifications to stable epigenetic cell memory remains elusive. Incorporating key pieces of molecular level experimental information, we built a statistical mechanics model for the inheritance of epigenetic histone modifications. The model reveals that enzyme selectivity of different histone substrates and cooperativity between neighboring nucleosomes are essential to generate bistability of the epigenetic memory. We then applied the epigenetic modeling framework to the differentiation process of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), where the observed 'one-neuron-one-allele' phenomenon has remained as a long-standing puzzle. Our model successfully explains this singular behavior in terms of epigenetic competition and enhancer cooperativity during the differentiation process. Epigenetic level events and transcriptional level events cooperate synergistically in the OSN differentiation process. The model also makes a list of testable experimental predictions. In general, the epigenetic modeling framework can be used to study phenotypic transitions when histone modification is a major regulatory element in the system. Post-transcriptional level regulation plays important roles in cell phenotype maintenance. Our integrated experimental and computational studies revealed such a motif regulating the differentiation of definitive endoderm. We identified two RNA binding proteins, hnRNPA1 and KSRP, which repress each other through microRNAs miR-375 and miR-135a. The motif can generate switch behavior and serve as a noise filter in the stem cell differentiation process. Manipulating the motif could enhance the differentiation efficiency toward a specific lineage one desires. Last we performed mathematical modeling on an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which could be used by tumor cells for their migration. Our model predicts that the IL-6 induced EMT is a stepwise process with multiple intermediate states. In summary, our theoretical and computational analyses about cell phenotypic transitions provide novel insights on the underlying mechanism of cell fate decision. The modeling studies revealed general physical principles underlying complex regulatory networks. / Ph. D.

En este estudio analizamos las analogías estéticas y filosóficas entre los tres términos orientales principales del medievo japonés: mono no aware, wabi sabi y y¿gen y el `arte de la tierra¿ surgido en Europa en la década de los setenta llamado también Land Art. Cabe destacar, que hemos optado por incluir en este estudio únicamente la vertiente europea de Land Art, más que por la necesidad de acotar una investigación de esta índole, por las discrepancias que surgen entre los Earthworks norteamericanos y el arte medieval oriental. Las concomitancias encontradas entre el `arte de la tierra¿ y el arte medieval japonés constituyen el resultado de una búsqueda, emprendida por occidente, que va más allá del ámbito puramente artístico, ya que responde a cuestiones filosóficas, sociales y culturales sobre nuevos modos de experimentar la existencia. Podemos encontrar los primeros signos de dichas influencias extremoorientales en la ruptura con la concepción clásica del arte; es decir, en el romanticismo. El arte romántico, con su nueva visión de la naturaleza, supuso la revalorización del paisaje como autentico protagonista de una obra. Los artistas Land Art, rescatando la categoría de lo sublime en el arte, proponen una nueva relación entre el hombre y la naturaleza, basada en el respeto y comprensión de la misma, muy próxima a axiomas orientales. No en vano, ha sido en las obras iniciales de Land Art europeas donde críticos contemporáneos han encontrado mayores similitudes con la estetica medieval japonesa. Dos han sido los artistas 'viajeros' alrededor de los cuales han proliferado las comparaciones con el arte zen: Richard Long y Hamish Fulton. En el caso de éste último, autores como Robert C. Morgan han hecho alusiones explícitas a la relación existente entre el zen y la cosmovisión del artista, las encontramos en el artículo `Hamish Fulton: El residuo de la vision / La apertura de la mente¿, dentro del libro ¿Del arte a la idea : Ensayos sobre arte conceptual¿ editado por Akal en el año 2003. También el propio artista ha hecho declaraciones sobre la influencia del arte zen en su obra, podemos verlo en: ¿Higurashi: Spiritual consequences of walking on the land¿, Kitakyushu: Center for Contemporary Art, 1999. En cuanto a Richard Long, la proximidad de su obra al arte del medievo japonés es un tema recurrente en los escritos de Anne Seymour, entre los cuales destacamos el prólogo al catálogo ¿Piedras¿ de Richard Long: 'El estanque de Bash¿ - una nueva perspectiva', editado por la dirección general de bellas artes y archivos del Ministerio de cultura, en 1986, así como también en los de Gloria Moure, muy especialmente en su prólogo al catálogo Spanish Stones, editado por la Diputación de Huesca en 1998. Nuestra tesis queda dividida del modo siguiente: En la primera parte definimos los términos a comparar, es decir, mono no aware, wabi sabi y y¿gen, analizando sus principales manifestaciones artísticas(ámbito literario, teatro n¿, haiku y haiga, Ceremonia del Té, jardines karesansui y pintura de tinta); Así como el Land Art europeo de la década de los setenta, centrándonos en la obra de Richard Long y Hamish Fulton. En la segunda parte compararemos el Land Art europeo con el arte japonés medieval, haciendo hincapié en los cuatro apartados donde, a nuestro entender, se dan el mayor número de concomitancias, estos son: `la naturaleza como materia del arte¿, `la belleza pintoresca de la sencillez¿, `hacia un arte de la experiencia¿ y `en los márgenes del arte¿. Esta comparativa general nos sirve de marco para adentrarnos en el análisis de los rasgos de estética medieval japonesa en la obra de Long y Fulton. Dichos rasgos son variados y dispares pero pueden resumirse en los siguientes aspectos: Existen actitudes zen en la actitud y en el quehacer artístico de nuestros artistas caminantes; Su planteamiento del paseo responde a una concepción poética del tiempo muy similar a la de los poetas errantes japoneses de antaño; La naturaleza es, tanto para uno como para otros, una especie de religión, su fuente de inspiración y el marco idóneo para realizar sus obras; Los escritos y las instalaciones que nuestros artistas producen en el camino, están marcadas por una estética austera y minimalista muy acorde con las expresiones artísticas propias del medievo japonés, como el suibokuga o los haikus; Y por último, la crítica que encierra la obra de todos ellos, tanto occidentales como orientales, ha sido erróneamente tachada de escapista. Más que una huida se trata de un encuentro. Un encuentro con el espíritu del paisaje, con la esencia poética del mismo. Teniendo en cuenta la crisis actual y la enorme cantidad de noticias negativas por parte de los medios a las que estamos expuestos, la obra de Richard Long y Hamish Fulton es como un bálsamo que nos recuerda que formamos parte de la naturaleza y que nuestra existencia sería más plena si se basara en un profundo respeto hacia ella. / Andrés Alzola, S. (2013). Signos de Wabi Sabi, Mono no Aware y Yügen en el Land Art europeo de la década de los setenta. Los paseos de Hamish Fulton y Richard Long como ejemplo paradigmático [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/31647

Yes / Stability and safety of offshore wind turbines with mono-pile foundations, affected by nonlinear wave effect and dynamic seabed response, are the primary concerns in offshore foundation design. In order to address these problems, the nonlinear wave effect on dynamic seabed response in the vicinity of mono-pile foundation is investigated using an integrated model, developed using OpenFOAM, which incorporates both wave model (waves2Foam) and Biot’s poro-elastic model. The present model was validated against several laboratory experiments and promising agreements were obtained. Special attention was paid to the systematic analysis of pore water pressure as well as the momentary liquefaction in the proximity of mono-pile induced by nonlinear wave effects. Various embedment depths of mono-pile relevant for practical engineering design were studied in order to attain the insights into nonlinear wave effect around and underneath the mono-pile foundation. By comparing time-series of water surface elevation, inline force, and wave-induced pore water pressure at the front, lateral, and lee side of mono-pile, the distinct nonlinear wave effect on pore water pressure was shown. Simulated results confirmed that the presence of mono-pile foundation in a porous seabed had evident blocking effect on the vertical and horizontal development of pore water pressure. Increasing embedment depth enhances the blockage of vertical pore pressure development and hence results in somewhat reduced momentary liquefaction depth of the soil around the mono-pile foundation. / Energy Technology Partnership (ETP), Wood Group Kenny, and University of Aberdeen; the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (51425901) and the 111 project (B12032).