Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-03T17:43:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaguedesmattos.pdf: 1815903 bytes, checksum: 45b8e225159873e3d1353edd9084322c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T01:48:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaguedesmattos.pdf: 1815903 bytes, checksum: 45b8e225159873e3d1353edd9084322c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T01:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinaguedesmattos.pdf: 1815903 bytes, checksum: 45b8e225159873e3d1353edd9084322c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-26 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente dissertação investiga, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, de que maneira o Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) estão sendo abordados em publicações no âmbito nacional e internacional. Por meio da questão norteadora sobre as convergências e divergências presentes nas produções nacionais e internacionais sobre os MOOC, compreendidas no período de 2008 a 2014, esta pesquisa apresenta um levantamento bibliográfico em publicações denominadas científicas - coletadas em periódicos nacionais, internacionais, e factuais – disponibilizadas em espaços/sites/ambientes da web. Tal movimento metodológico se deu de modo a contemplar os objetivos propostos: I) Investigar, nas produções nacionais e internacionais selecionadas, as convergências e divergências presentes; II) Compreender como os MOOC são apresentados nas produções encontradas; III) Identificar, nos textos, elementos afeitos ao movimento da Educação aberta; e IV) Apresentar, criticamente, os conceitos produzidos de modo a subsidiar os estudos a respeito dos MOOC. Os dados produzidos foram trabalhados por meio da integração de temas recorrentes, a saber: Autonomia, Interatividade e Abertura, e também das discussões sobre as vozes sonantes e dissonantes emergentes dos dados. O estudo sobre os MOOC é ainda um desafio, principalmente por sua criação recente. A pesquisa sinalizou para a integração entre os MOOC com os REA (Recursos Educacionais Abertos) e a concepção de Educação Aberta, problematizando a abertura, o acesso e a maneira como nos apropriamos dos conceitos dispersos na internet. Os principais achados dessa dissertação se deram por meio da convergência entre as produções factuais e os textos científicos – delimitando o lugar e diferencial de cada produção -, mas considerados espaços relevantes na informação e discussão sobre o significado dos MOOC e seus desdobramentos futuros. Outro destaque de deu ante a recorrência, nos textos científicos sobre MOOC, da preocupação com os cursistas e com a aprendizagem. A pesquisa ainda sinalizou acerca da intensa relação entre MOOC e REA, embora não esteja explícita nas produções analisadas. Por fim, a investigação aponta para a criação de um caminho - que se difere dos MOOC - para aprendizagens efetivamente autônomas, a partir da compreensão sobre a Educação Aberta e os REA, denominado Percursos Online Múltiplos Abertos e Rizomáticos (POMAR), criado pelo GRUPAR (Grupo de pesquisa Aprendizagem em Rede) em 2014. / The present dissertation investigates by means of a literature review, how the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) are being approached in publications in national and international scope. By means of guiding question about convergences and divergences present in the productions national and international about the MOOC, comprehended in the period 2008 to 2014, this research presents a rigorous bibliographical survey in scientific publications denominated - collected from national and international periodicals and factual - made available on spaces / sites / web environments. Such an methodological movement gave to take account of the proposed objectives: I) To investigate, in national and international productions selected, the convergences and divergences present; II) Understand how MOOC found are presented in the productions; III) To identify, in the texts, elements fond the movement of the open education and IV) present, critically, the concepts produced so as to subsidize studies on the MOOC. The data produced were worked through the integration of recurrent themes, namely: Autonomy, Interactivity and opening, and also of the discussions on emerging and sounding dissonant voices of the data. The study on the MOOC is still a challenge, mainly because of its recent creation. The research signaled the integration between the MOOC with REA (Open Educational Resources) and the conception of Open Education, discussing the opening, access and the way how we appropriate the concepts dispersed on the internet. The principal findings of this dissertation were the convergences between the factual productions and the Scientific texts - delimiting the place and differential of each production - more considered relevant spaces in the inform and discuss about the meaning of MOOC and future developments. Another prominent gave before the recurrence in scientific texts on MOOC, worry with the course participants and apprenticeship are present in the scientific texts. In addition of this, from the readings and studies in this dissertation, signaled about the intense relationship between MOOC and REA, although not explicit in the analyzed productions. Finally, the research points to the creation of a path - which differs from the MOOC - to effectively autonomous learning, from the understanding of the Open Education and the REA, the Routes Online Multiple Open and Rhizomatic (POMAR), created by GRUPAR in 2014.

Der Beitrag beleuchtet aus Perspektive des strategischen Hochschulmanagements die Verwendungsmöglichkeiten von Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) in der wissenschaftlichen Weiterbildung an deutschen Hochschulen.

La personnalisation de l’apprentissage dans les environnements informatiques pour l’apprentissage humain (EIAH) est un sujet de recherche qui est traité depuis de nombreuses années. Avec l’arrivée des cours en ligne ouverts et massifs (MOOC), la question de la personnalisation se pose de façon encore plus cruciale et de nouveaux défis se présentent aux chercheurs. En effet, le même MOOC peut être suivi par des milliers d’apprenants ayant des profils hétérogènes (connaissances, niveaux éducatif, objectifs, etc). Il devient donc nécessaire de tenir compte de cette hétérogénéité en présentant aux apprenants des contenus éducatifs adaptés à leurs profils afin qu’ils tirent parti au mieux du MOOC.D’un autre côté, de plus en plus de ressources éducatives libres (REL) sont partagées sur le web. Il est important de pouvoir réutiliser ces REL dans un contexte différent de celui pour lequel elles ont été créées. En effet, produire des REL de qualité est une activité coûteuse en temps et la rentabilisation des REL passe par leur réutilisation.Pour faciliter la découverte des REL, des schémas de métadonnées sont utilisés pour décrire les REL.Cependant, l’utilisation de ces schémas a amené à des entrepôts isolés de descriptions hétérogènes et qui ne sont pas interopérables. Afin de régler ce problème, une solution adoptée dans la littérature consiste à appliquer les principes des données ouvertes et liées (LOD) aux descriptions des REL.Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la personnalisation des MOOC et à la réutilisation des REL.Nous proposons un système de recommandation qui fournit à un apprenant en train de suivre un MOOC des ressources externes qui sont des REL adaptées à son profil, tout en respectant les spécificités du MOOC suivi.Pour sélectionner les REL, nous nous intéressons à celles qui possèdent des descriptions insérées dans les LOD, stockées dans des entrepôts accessibles sur le web et offrant des moyens d’accès standardisés. Notre système de recommandation est implémenté dans une plateforme de MOOC, Open edX et il est évalué en utilisant une plateforme de micro-tâches. / For many years now, personalization in TEL is a major subject of intensive research. With the spreading of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC), the personalization issue becomes more acute. Actually, any MOOC can be followed by thousands of learners with different educational levels, learning styles, preferences, etc. So, it is necessary to present pedagogical contents taking into account their heterogeneous profiles so that they can maximize their benefit from following the MOOC.At the same time, the amount of Open Educational Resources (OER) available on the web is permanently growing. These OERs have to be reused in contexts different from the initial ones for which they were created.Indeed, producing quality OER is costly and requires a lot of time. Then, different metadata schemas are used to describe OER. However, the use of these schemas has led to isolated repositories of heterogeneous descriptions which are not interoperable. In order to address this problem, a solution adopted in the literature is to apply Linked Open Principles (LOD) to OER descriptions.In this thesis, we are interested in MOOC personalization and OER reuse. We design a recommendation technique which computes a set of OERs adapted to the profile of a learner attending some MOOC. The recommended OER are also adapted to the MOOC specificities. In order to find OER, we are interested in those who have metadata respecting LOD principles and stored in repositories available on the web and offering standardized means of access. Our recommender system is implemented in the MOOC platform Open edX and assessed using a micro jobs platform.

Nous cherchons dans ce travail à qualifier et quantifier les différentes formes d’attrition prévalant dans les MOOC. En sus du retrait volontaire, dont nous détaillons les différentes formes, l’attrition est dominée avant tout par différentes formes de non-participation : la majorité des inscrits ne se connectent jamais à la formation, ou n’y réalisent qu’un nombre minimal d’actions, sans intention de s’y investir. La prépondérance de cette forme d’attrition s’explique en partie par l’existence sur les plates-formes d’hébergement d’une offre abondante, qui incite les utilisateurs à s’inscrire à plus de cours qu’ils n’ont la possibilité de suivre. Un certain nombre de participants s’investissent dans la formation jusqu’à son terme bien qu’ils n’obtiennent pas le certificat. Ils représentent néanmoins une forme d’attrition marginale. Il en va de même pour l’échec académique, compris comme l’incapacité à répondre au niveau d’exigence des activités évaluées. Les MOOC sont le plus souvent de niveau introductif, les participants peuvent le plus souvent recommencer des activités auxquelles ils auraient échoué. La plupart des utilisateurs suivent le cours avec l’intention d’en réinvestir le contenu dans leur vie personnelle ou professionnelle. L’incapacité des dispositifs à répondre à cette logique, qui correspond à certains égards à un projet d’apprentissage, explique vraisemblablement une partie significative du retrait volontaire. La plupart des répondants souhaitent obtenir le certificat de la formation, bien qu’il ne représente que rarement la principale motivation sous-tendant l’inscription. Cet intérêt ne relève pas systématiquement de buts de performance. / We aim at describing, quantifying and understanding the diversity of situations that explain the low completions observed in MOOCs, based on learning analytics, registration data from the French MOOC platform FUN, course structures, surveys and semi-structured interviews. Most of the attrition is explained by different types of non-starts, and to a lesser extent by voluntary withdrawal: most registrants do not show up in the cours, or do a minimal number of actions, with no intention to engage in the course whatsoever. The existence of an abundant catalog in most platforms drives users to register to more courses than they can follow. Some users view most of the videos of the course without engaging in the tasks required to obtain the certificate, but they represent a small part of the attrition. Academic dismissal is likely to be limited given the fact that most MOOCs are of introductory level, most evaluations are automated and multiple attemps are allowed. Most users follow the course with the intention to apply its content in their personal or professionnal life; a MOOC is most often the equivalent of a learning project. The inability to answer the needs of such learning projects may explain a significant proportion of the voluntary withdrawal. Few learners register in order to obtain a certificate, but most of them are interested in it.

L’avènement des MOOC et le buzz qu’il génère font du e-learning un sujet d’actualité et un enjeu stratégique de développement pour les universités. Cependant, force est de constater le peu d’études économiques traitant de ce sujet alors que cette modalité de formation existe depuis plus de dix ans dans les universités françaises. Quels sont les modèles économiques de ces formations, quelles sont leurs efficacités, quels impacts peuvent-elles avoir et à quelles conditions ?En levant les contraintes liées au temps et les contraintes liées à l’espace, le e-learning réinterroge l’approche économique de l’éducation que ce soit du point de vue de l’offre, de la demande ou des politiques éducatives. Nous proposons la mise en perspective des principaux enjeux économiques du e-learning universitaire diplômant, à partir de ces différents points de vue et ce dans une démarche d’évaluation. Le corpus théorique de l’économie de l’éducation et l’approche par les capabilités d’Amartya Sen sont mobilisés comme grille de lecture ce qui nous permet de mettre en lumière l’un des enjeux économiques majeurs du e-learning : le développement. Il permet d’atteindre un nouveau public contraint par la géographie et par sa situation d’emploi. Enfin la comparaison de deux mises en œuvre de politiques éducatives différenciées, celle de la Chine et celle de la France va nous permettre de rendre compte de réalisations concrètes et de démontrer la pertinence du e-learning en termes de développement des territoires. / The advent of MOOCs and the buzz it generates defines e-learning as a main topic in the development strategy of universities. However, very few economic studies have been done about it, even if this type of training has been present in French universities for more than ten years. What are the business models of this form of curriculum, how to mesure its efficiency and impacts?Lifting the constraints of time and space, e-learning reexamines the economic approach to education from the points of view of supply, demand or public policies. This work offers a perspective on the main economic issues for universitary graduating e-learning, from these points of view and through an assessment process. The theoretical corpus in economics of education and Amartya Sen’s “capability approach” are used as a reading tool which allows us to highlight one of the major economic issues of e-learning: regional economic development. This educational form allows the reaching of new audiences constrained by geography or employment status. The comparison of two implementations in two different educational policies settings -that of China and France- allows us to report on concrete results and demonstrate the relevance of e-learning in terms of regional development.

While developing creativity is an important goal of many educational endeavors, creating music, from a music education perspective, is a powerful pedagogical tool. Beyond comparing the relative creativity of individuals' musical creative products (e.g., melodies, songs, lyrics, beats, etc.), research in musical creativity must consider how engaging in the creative process can be an effective teaching tool, what I have termed creativity-based music learning. If music teachers are to develop students' abilities “to experience music as meaningful, informed by sensitive discernments and broad understandings, in each particular musical role engagement in which one becomes involved” (Reimer, 2003, p.214), then we must gain a better understanding of how different aspects of the person and context interact during the creative process. Based on the available literature, Webster (1987a, 2002) conceived the Model of Creative Thinking in Music as a conceptual model for understanding the importance of various components that are at work in the musical creative process. Since, generally speaking, learning results from thinking of some sort, Webster's model represents a reasonable starting point from which to examine how musical creative thinking leads to musical learning. There is much research in music education and the general creativity literature that has investigated how these various component parts (e.g., music aptitude, personality, motivation, previous experience, context) relate to creativity, but there has yet to be any substantive attempt to understand how all of these various elements simultaneously interrelate during a given musical creative process. More importantly, there is limited research on how creativity-based music learning contributes to important learning outcomes such as students' perceptions of learning from the process, students' self-evaluations of creative products (e.g., songs they have written), the development of conceptual understandings, and the development of musical creative self-efficacy. The initial primary purpose of this study was to develop and identify a statistical model that best represents the nature of the various interrelationships of components of the musical creative process, as identified in Webster's (2002) model, and as they relate to learning outcomes. Understanding how all of these components relate and ultimately impact various learning outcomes has important implications for how we educate our music students. Data were collected from students taking a Massive Open Online Course entitled “What is Music?: Finding Your Song,” which was designed, developed, and taught by the researcher, and offered in January 2014 through the Canvas Network. In the course, the question “what is music?” was approached from several perspectives, including Music as Human Activity, Music as Emotion, Music as Physics, and Music as Form. While learning about each perspective, students were encouraged to engage with and complete various musical creative projects (e.g., creating a representative playlist, writing lyrics, writing a melody, writing a song). Such an educational context in which creativity is used as a pedagogical tool provided an opportunity for studying the educational outcomes of such an approach. Embedded within the course were measures of several predictors of learning (based on Webster's model), including past experience in music, personality, music aptitude, contextual support, musical creative self-efficacy, motivation, and situational engagement. Initial analysis plans included the use of structural equation modeling to (1) compare and contrast the statistical fit of competing models; and (2) examine how each of these constructs not only relate to each other, but also how they each contribute (uniquely and in combination) to various learning outcomes, including perceptions of learning, self-evaluations of creative products, and musical creative self-efficacy. However, a sufficient number of students did not engage in and complete the creative projects, nor did a sufficient number of students complete all of the research items, in order to examine the full structural model. When it became apparent that sufficient data would not be available, the study was re-envisioned to examine questions about why students chose to participate or not participate in the creative music-making projects. Data were collected from 281 students, and although missing data was quite extreme for variables measured late in the course (e.g., motivation), large amounts of data were available regarding students' past experience in music, their expectations regarding participation as MOOC learners, and demographic information (e.g., age, gender, education, language, geographic region). The available data were used in an exploratory manner to derive a model for predicting creative project participation in the course. The sole important predictor of project participation was whether students identified themselves as an "active participant" at the beginning of the course, although this variable explained only a small amount of variability in project participation. Follow-up analyses for group differences in Active Participant (individuals who identified themselves as "active participants" versus all other Types of Learners) found that “active participants” had significantly higher levels of Musical Creative Self-Efficacy, greater perceptions of the learning context as challenge-supportive, and higher scores on the Openness personality factor. Notably, students' Past Experience in Music appeared to be unrelated to both whether they intended to participate in the creative music-making projects and whether they actually participated in the projects. In addition to the primary MOOC study, the development and initial validation procedures and results for two new research instruments utilized in the MOOC study, the Past Experience in Music Inventory (PEMI) and the Musical Creative Self-Efficacy Scale (MCSES), are described in detail. The latent class measurement model utilized for measuring Past Experience in Music is a unique and potentially valuable approach for measuring this important variable in music research of all kinds. Finally, an exploratory analysis of all zero-order rank-order intercorrelations of all non-nominal variables indicated some initial support for the General Specified Model of Creativity-Based Learning. It was not possible to take the next step with the model: to prune it, alter it, or reject it altogether, but when viewed as a very large-scale pilot study, this study did provide enough evidence to warrant investing the considerable amount of resources necessary to take that next step. Implications for creativity-based music learning and the significance of MOOCs and MOOC research are discussed. In particular, music MOOCs represent an opportunity to fill in some much needed space for lifelong learning. However, if we are to promote lifelong musical engagement, then the pedagogy within a MOOC should also promote engagement. As such, questions and further research regarding such engagement, especially within a creativity-based learning framework, are central to better understanding how to promote and facilitate lifelong musical engagement and musical learning.

As mobile access and massive open online courses (MOOCs) become a global reality, the realm of potential distance learners is expanding rapidly. Mobile learning (mLearning) as well as MOOCs are based on similar characteristics as shown in the literature review of this study. They both enhance a community feeling, increasing networking and collaboration; they strengthen lifelong and informal learning, they use social media to a large extend and they are ideal for setting up communicative dialogues. The focus on learner interactions is of interest, as research has shown that dialogue is an important element for learning and knowledge enhancement, and mobile access increases the opportunities to enter into such interactions. This thesis study used a sequential explanatory mixed methods approach to investigate the impact of mobile accessibility on learner interaction in a MOOC. The study showed that opening up a MOOC for mobile access has immediate impact on learner interactions, as participants with mobile devices tend to interact more with their fellow learners in comparison to their non-mobile colleagues. This was deduced from the mixed methods approach looking at web-based statistics, an online survey, an analysis using the Community of Inquiry framework and one-on-one interviews with volunteers. The study formulated a set of 20 strategies and possible consequences deriving from the analysis of the impact of mobile accessibility in a MOOC and more specifically how this affects learner interactions. These strategies might optimize the impact of mobile access on learner interactions in an informal, open, online course. Future research needs to support the findings, embracing a larger learner population from a more varied background. Overall, this research hopes to add to the body of knowledge strengthening the field of distance education. / 2013-02

The diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. The theoretical part begins with explanation of basic concept of educational videos. The following chapter discusses advantages and possible barriers to using videos in education and presents examples of using videos in the classroom. The next chapter offers introduction to educational portals, selected YouTube channels, video tutorials and an example comparison of self-study versus university degree in a particular specialization. The practical part is divided into two chapters - Analysis of selected videos and Recommended steps for video production. The analytical part examines successful educational videos on YouTube in order to compile the recommended steps for creating quality video content in the last chapter. Included in the last chapter is also an educational video created by the author according to the previously recommended steps. This video was shown to students during a lecture at University of Economics, Prague. The students then filled in a short questionnaire as a feedback about the video. The conclusion summarizes the goals, results and benefits of the thesis.

This thesis is focused on the educational theories, forms of training, development and types of e - learning. Then there are mentioned new online educational technologies, pros and cons of on-line learning and its trends (gamification, social learning, MOOCs, etc.). This theoretical knowledge is necessary for understanding the principles of the on-line education and importance of massive open online courses. One part of the practical section concentrates on the results of a questionnaire regarding the presence of on- line technologies in a student learning. Another part reflects the aim of the thesis and generally analyses the possibilities of the university involvement in MOOC. Specifically, it states the conditions and process of college involvement in the German educational platform iversity.

Massive Open Online Courses, sogenannte MOOCs sind offene und über das Internet für jeden kostenfrei zugängliche Kurse, die hierdurch oft eine Vielzahl an Teilnehmenden erreichen. Alle Beteiligten lernen gemeinsam, jedoch mit verschiedensten persönlichen Zielen. Die Inhalte werden nicht ausschließlich von den Veranstalter/inne/n vorgegeben, sondern können zudem auch von den Teilnehmenden erweitert und geteilt werden. Mit dem SOOC13, dem Saxon Open Online Course, wurde einer der aktuellsten und vieldiskutierten Trends [1] im E-Learning im Sommersemester 2013 von den Technischen Universitäten in Chemnitz und Dresden sowie der Universität Siegen aufgegriffen, praktisch erprobt und evaluiert. Der Kreis der Teilnehmenden bestand dabei nicht nur aus Studierenden, vielmehr waren mit dem Kurs explizit auch Lehrende sowie andere Hochschulmitarbeiter/innen angesprochen. Als konnektivistischer Open Online Course war der SOOC13 zudem offen für alle Interessierten innerhalb der Netz-Community. Als Methode der Leistungserbringung und -bewertung kamen E-Portfolios zum Einsatz, welche formative Feedback- und Beurteilungsprozesse zulassen. Lernende erstellen Lernprodukte (Artefakte), reflektieren über Lernziele, -verhalten und -fortschritte und teilen die Ergebnisse mit anderen Teilnehmenden in Form von Blogeinträgen, Tweets oder Facebook-Posts. Gegenseitiges Feedback und Hinweise durch die Veranstalter/innen führen zu ausgiebigen Diskussionen und kritischen Auseinandersetzungen.