Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, College of Education, 2006. / "May, 2006." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 09/16/2006) Advisor, Francis Broadway; Committee members, Lathardus Goggins, Suzanne MacDonald, Carole Newman, John Queener; Department Chair, Evonn Welton; Dean of the College, Patricia A. Nelson; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.

This thesis aims to clarify technological procedures used to produce wooden automobile bodies. It presents Morgan Motor company, only company still continualy producing cars with ash tree framework and whose products are gradualy gaining more and more popularity. Core part of this thesis focuses on detailed description of technological procedure for veneer-coating Skiff-type bodies, used in past by french company Labourdette and on the same procedure with usage of modern materials and technologies, as it is done in Jiří Hemzals company. The thesis summerises knowledge of materials properties and principles necessary to sustain quality needed for producing wooden automobile bodies.

Las álgebras de De Morgan pseudocomplementadas fueron consideradas por primera vez por A. Romanowska ([66]) quien las denominó pM−álgebras y caracterizó las álgebras subdirectamente irreducibles finitas. Posteriormente, H. Sankappanavar ([67, 68]) continuó con el estudio de las pM−álgebras examinando las congruencias y caracterizando todas las subdirectamente irreducibles. Por otra parte, A. V. Figallo y P. Landini ([23, 21]) con el propósito de presentar distintas axiomáticas para las álgebra tetravalente modales ([42, 43]), mostraron que las pM−álgebras que verifican la condición adicional x V~x<_xV x* admiten una estructura de álgebra tetravalente modal y las denominaron álgebras de De Morgan pseudocomplementadas modales ó mpM−álgebras, para abreviar. En esta tesis hacemos un estudio detallado de la variedad de las mpM−álgebras. Al volumen lo hemos organizado en cuatro capítulos. En el Capítulo I, damos las definiciones básicas y hacemos un repaso de los resultados más importantes de álgebra universal. También hemos incluído una breve exposición sobre la teoría de la dualidad de Priestley para los retículos distributivos acotados y para las p−álgebras ([60, 61, 63]). Por último, describimos la dualidad de W. Cornish y P. Fowler ([18, 19]) para las álgebras de De Morgan. Todos estos temas los hemos incluido tanto para facilitar la lectura como para fijar los conceptos que utilizaremos en los capítulos posteriores. En el Capítulo II, comenzamos el estudio de las mpM−álgebras. En él abordamos el problema de caracterizar los miembros subdirectamente irreducibles de esta variedad para lo cual determinamos, en primer lugar, una dualidad topológica para estas álgebras la que nos permitió caracterizar al retículo de las congruencias. Cabe señalar que esta dualidad es utilizada fuertemente a lo largo de todo el trabajo. Además, probamos que las mpM−álgebras constituyen una variedad localmente finita, semisimple, residualmente pequeña y residualmente finita. En la última sección de este capítulo obtenemos, con técnicas algebraicas, otras caracterizaciones de las congruencias a partir de ciertos subconjuntos especiales del álgebra. Algunos de los resultados anteriores fueron expuestos en la Reunión Anual de Comunicaciones Científicas de la UMA en el 2004 y el 2006. En el Capítulo III, y con el propósito de obtener una mayor informaci´on sobre la variedad mpM de las mpM−álgebras, hacemos un estudio detallado de las congruencias principales. En primer lugar, indicamos dos descripciones de las mismas por medio de ciertos subconjuntos del espacio asociado lo que nos permitió concluir que ellas constituyen un álgebra de Boole. A continuación mostramos, entre otros resultados, que mpM es discriminadora lo cual nos proporcionó numerosas propiedades de las mpM−congruencias en general. Posteriormente, probamos que las congruencias principales y booleanas coinciden y esta afirmación hizo posible determinar el número de congruencias de las mpM−álgebras finitas. Finalizamos este caíıtulo determinando el polinomio discriminador ternario para esta variedad y estableciendo una descripci´on ecuacional de las congruencias principales. Cabe mencionar que algunos de los temas investigados en esta unidad fueron presentados en el XIII Simposio Latinoamericano de Lógica Matemática, Oaxaca, Méjico en el 2006 y en la Reunión Anual de Comunicaciones Científicas de la UMA en el 2007. El Capítulo IV consta de dos secciones. En la primera, nos abocamos al estudio de las propiedades de las mpM−álgebras finitas y finitamente generadas. En la segunda, determinamos la estructura de las mpM−álgebras libres con un conjunto finito de generadores libres y finalmente, indicamos la fórmula que nos permite calcular el cardinal de álgebra libre con un conjunto finito de generadores libres en función del número de generadores de la misma. En la Reunión Anual de Comunicaciones Cienificas de la UMA del 2008 fueron expuestos parte de los resultados anteriores. Alguno de los temas de esta tesis han sido aceptados para su publicación en ([24]). / De Morgan pseudocomplemented algebras were first considered by A. Romanowska ([66]) who called them pM−algebras and characterized the finite subdirectly irreducible algebras. Later on, H. Sankappanavar ([67, 68]) continued studying pM−algebras by examining congruences and characterizing all the subdirectly irreducible algebras. On the other hand, A. V. Figallo and P. Landini ([23, 21]), with the aim of presenting different axiomatic for tetravalent modal algebras ([42, 43]), they proved that pM−algebras verifying the additional condition x_V~ x < _ xVx* admit a tetravalent modal algebra structure. Hence, they called them De Morgan pseudocomplemented modal algebras, or mpM−algebras, for short. Our aim in this thesis is to study in deep the variety mpM of mpM−algebras. More precisely, we have organized this work in four chapters. In Chapter I, basic definitions are provided and we do also a review of the most important results in universal algebra. Furthermore, we have also included a brief discussion on Priestley’s dualities for bounded distributive lattices and p−algebras ([60, 61, 63]). Finally, we describe W. Cornish and P. Fowler’s duality ([18, 19]) for De Morgan algebras. These topics have been included not only to simplify the reading but also to fix the notations and the definitions that we will use in this volume. In Chapter II, we began the study of mpM−algebras. Here, we boarded the problem of characterizing the subdirectly irreducible members of this variety. To this aim, we determine a topological duality for these algebras which allowed us to characterize the congruence lattice.We must point out that this duality is strongly used throughout all this work. Furthermore, we prove that mpM−algebras constitute a locally finite, semisimple, residually small and residually finite variety. In the last section of this chapter we obtain, by means of algebraic techniques, other characterizations of the congruences by means of special subsets of the algebra. Some of the above results were presented in the Annual Meeting of the Uni´on Matemática Argentina in 2004 and 2006. In Chapter III, and in order to obtain more information on the variety mpM, we carried out a detailed study of the principal congruences. First, we indicate two descriptions of them by means certain subsets of the associated space to an mpM−algebra, which allowed us to conclude that they constitute a Boolean algebra. Next we show, among other results, that mpM is a discriminator variety which also provided us many properties of mpM−congruences. Later on, we prove that principal and Boolean congruences coincide and this statement allows us to determine the number of congruences in the finite mpM−algebras. By the end of this chapter, we determine the ternary discriminator polynomial for this variety and we also establish an equational description of the principal congruences. It is worth mentioning that some of the topics presented in this chapter were previously discussed at the XIII Latin American Symposium on Mathematical Logic, Oaxaca, Mexico, and in the Annual Meeting of the Unión Matem´atica Argentina in 2006 and 2007 respectively. Chapter IV consists of 2 sections. In the first one, we focus our study on the properties of finite and finitely generated mpM−algebras. In the second one, we determine the structure of the free mpM−algebras with a finite set of free generators. Finally, we indicate a formula which allows us to calculate the cardinal number of the free mpM−algebras in terms of the number of the free generators of the algebras. Some of the results of this chapter were presented at the Annual Meeting of the Uni´on Matem´atica Argentina in 2008, Some of the topics of this thesis have been accepted for publication in ([24]).

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Housing is one of the most critical design challenges of the 21st century. Sparked by increased urbanization, issues around affordability, density, development, and displacement create stress on people and the urban environment. In Washington D.C., an inadequate supply of housing for families forces them to leave the city in search of more comfortable and affordable options. However, families are essential dwellers in a healthy urban fabric. This thesis explores how architecture and empathic design-thinking can begin to address these issues and contribute to the health of the family unit and a healthy community. My thesis begs the question… what lifestyles are we encouraging by the way we design? Dwelling is a more appropriate, personal, and empathic term for housing. Dwelling should meet the needs of its inhabitants and support three vital organs of urban life: social activity, peaceful refuge, and theatrical celebrations. A healthy city and a healthy dwelling should include all three. My goal is to re-imagine urban dwelling for families living in the city and how architecture can create intentional moments of connection between people and the city they are a part of – especially how ideas of transparency and movement or air, light and people can be agents of a healthier urban dwelling. A new mid-rise multi-family dwelling in Adams Morgan, a colorful, diverse, artistic, and eclectic neighborhood in Washington D.C., creates a home that enhances the experience of dwelling for families. My thesis project supports the primary functions of dwelling and secondary functions of food creation through a kitchen incubator. The intention of the building is that it will serve as a space for growth, for individuals and for growing families, that it will be successful as both a well-designed home and a food lab that fosters collaboration and community for chefs and entrepreneurs who are growing their businesses and connections in the city. The building aims to incorporate living elements with nature integrated into the architecture in various ways. This home will be a space that understands the needs of its inhabitants, respects the context of the neighborhood, and supports a healthier framework of the larger city of Washington D.C. / Master of Architecture / Housing is one of the most critical challenges of the 21st century facing the architecture, engineering and construction industry. A lack of suitable housing is a result of increased urbanization and issues around affordability, density, development, and displacement. These challenges create stress on people and specifically the structures where they live. In Washington D.C., an inadequate supply of housing for families forces them to leave the city in search of more comfortable and affordable options. However, families are essential dwellers in the city - they should be supported in the modern urban environment. This thesis explores how architecture and empathic design-thinking, a deep understanding of the problems and realities of the people being designing for, can begin to address these issues and contribute to the health of the family unit and a healthy community. My thesis asks the question…what lifestyles are we encouraging by the way we design? Dwelling, the way and act of living, is a more appropriate, personal, and empathic term for housing. In the architect's mind, dwelling should meet the needs of its inhabitants and support three important facets of urban life: social activity, peaceful refuge, and theatrical celebrations. A healthy city and a healthy dwelling should include all three. The goal of this thesis is to re-imagine what urban dwelling feels and looks like for families living in the city and how architecture can be designed to create intentional moments of connection between people and the community they are a part of. A new mid-rise multi-family dwelling in Adams Morgan, a colorful, diverse, artistic, and eclectic neighborhood in Washington D.C., creates a home that enhances the experience of dwelling for families. My thesis project is foremost a dwelling, a space for living, but also a space for food creation through a community kitchen incubator. The intention of the building is that it will serve as a space for growth, for individuals and families, and that it will be successful as both a well-designed home and a food lab that fosters collaboration for chefs and entrepreneurs who are growing their businesses and connections in the city. This thesis seeks to discover how architecture can empower families and communities to have healthier, more inclusive and connected urban city lives.

Fuzzy description logics can be used to model vague knowledge in application domains. This paper analyses the consistency and satisfiability problems in the description logic SHI with semantics based on a complete residuated De Morgan lattice. The problems are undecidable in the general case, but can be decided by a tableau algorithm when restricted to finite lattices. For some sublogics of SHI, we provide upper complexity bounds that match the complexity of crisp reasoning.

Considerando que a história da ciência pode constituir uma ferramenta útil para o ensino de ciência, o objetivo desta dissertação é inicialmente apresentar um material histórico para o ensino e aprendizagem de genética no nível médio. Este diz respeito ao desenvolvimento do conceito de linkage no período compreendido entre 1902 e 1915. A partir deste estudo histórico foi elaborada uma sequência didática com o intuito de auxiliar no ensino e aprendizagem deste conceito. Na construção desta levou-se em conta tanto a dimensão epistêmica como a dimensão pedagógica, considerando o processo de elaboração, métodos e validação do conhecimento científico conforme proposto por Méheut (2005). Esta dissertação compreende uma introdução e três capítulos. O Capítulo 1 discute as relações entre história da ciência e o ensino e aprendizagem de genética. O Capítulo 2 apresenta um estudo histórico sobre as explicações para as características que eram herdadas juntas até da proposta do linkage. O Capítulo 3 oferece uma sequência didática. Espera-se que o material elaborado para ser trabalhado em sala de aula possa contribuir para o entendimento do conceito de linkage e mostrar aspectos sobre a natureza da ciência (NDC) tais como: os cientistas podem mudar de ideia; resultados experimentais semelhantes podem ser interpretados à luz de teorias diferentes; e o empreendimento científico é resultado de um trabalho coletivo. / Taking into account that history of science can be an useful tool for the teaching of science, the aim of this dissertation is firstly to present a historical material to the learning and teaching of Genetics in High school. It is related to the growth of the concept of linkage. Departing from this historical study, it presents a teaching-learning sequence, which may assist the teaching and learning of this concept. In the building of such teaching-learning sequence it was taken into account both the pedagogical and epistemic dimensions, considering the drafting process, methods and validation of scientific knowledge, proposed by Méheut (2005). This dissertation comprises an introduction and three chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the relations between history of science and the learning and teaching of genetics. Chapter 2 presents a historical study of the explanations for characteristics which are inherited together until the proposal of linkage. Chapter 3 offers a teaching-learning sequence. It is hoped that the historical material elaborated, to be worked in the classroom could contribute to the understanding of the concept of linkage showing aspects of nature of science (NDC) such us: similar experimental results may be interpreted according different theories; the scientists may change their mind; and that science endeavor results from a collective work.

This thesis explores E. M. Forster's interest in the politics of music, illustrating the importance of music to Forster's conceptions of personal relationships and imperialism, national character and literary influence, pacifism and heroism, class and amateurism. Discussing Forster's novels, short stories, essays, lectures, letters, diaries, and broadcast talks, the thesis looks into the political nuances in Forster's numerous allusions and references to musical composition, performance, and consumption. In so doing, the thesis challenges previous formalistic studies of Forster's representations of music by highlighting his attention to the contentious relations between music and political contingencies. The first chapter examines A Passage to India, considering Forster's depictions of music in relation to the novel's concern with friendship and imperialism. It explores the ways in which music functions politically in Forster's most ‘rhythmical' novel. The second chapter focuses on Forster's description of the performance of Lucia di Lammermoor in Where Angels Fear to Tread. Reading this highly crafted scene as Forster's attempt to ‘modernize' fictional narrative, it discusses Forster's negotiation of national character and literary heritage. The third chapter assesses Forster's Wagnerism, scrutinizing the conjunction between Forster's rumination on heroism and his criticism of Siegfried. The chapter pays particular attention to Forster's uncharacteristic silence on Wagner during and after the Second World War. The fourth chapter investigates Forster's celebration of musical amateurism. By analysing his characterization of musical amateurs and professionals in ‘The Machine Stops', Arctic Summer, and Maurice, the chapter discusses the gender and class politics of Forster's championing of freedom and idiosyncrasy.

Considerando que a história da ciência pode constituir uma ferramenta útil para o ensino de ciência, o objetivo desta dissertação é inicialmente apresentar um material histórico para o ensino e aprendizagem de genética no nível médio. Este diz respeito ao desenvolvimento do conceito de linkage no período compreendido entre 1902 e 1915. A partir deste estudo histórico foi elaborada uma sequência didática com o intuito de auxiliar no ensino e aprendizagem deste conceito. Na construção desta levou-se em conta tanto a dimensão epistêmica como a dimensão pedagógica, considerando o processo de elaboração, métodos e validação do conhecimento científico conforme proposto por Méheut (2005). Esta dissertação compreende uma introdução e três capítulos. O Capítulo 1 discute as relações entre história da ciência e o ensino e aprendizagem de genética. O Capítulo 2 apresenta um estudo histórico sobre as explicações para as características que eram herdadas juntas até da proposta do linkage. O Capítulo 3 oferece uma sequência didática. Espera-se que o material elaborado para ser trabalhado em sala de aula possa contribuir para o entendimento do conceito de linkage e mostrar aspectos sobre a natureza da ciência (NDC) tais como: os cientistas podem mudar de ideia; resultados experimentais semelhantes podem ser interpretados à luz de teorias diferentes; e o empreendimento científico é resultado de um trabalho coletivo. / Taking into account that history of science can be an useful tool for the teaching of science, the aim of this dissertation is firstly to present a historical material to the learning and teaching of Genetics in High school. It is related to the growth of the concept of linkage. Departing from this historical study, it presents a teaching-learning sequence, which may assist the teaching and learning of this concept. In the building of such teaching-learning sequence it was taken into account both the pedagogical and epistemic dimensions, considering the drafting process, methods and validation of scientific knowledge, proposed by Méheut (2005). This dissertation comprises an introduction and three chapters. Chapter 1 discusses the relations between history of science and the learning and teaching of genetics. Chapter 2 presents a historical study of the explanations for characteristics which are inherited together until the proposal of linkage. Chapter 3 offers a teaching-learning sequence. It is hoped that the historical material elaborated, to be worked in the classroom could contribute to the understanding of the concept of linkage showing aspects of nature of science (NDC) such us: similar experimental results may be interpreted according different theories; the scientists may change their mind; and that science endeavor results from a collective work.

Art history is riddled with existential questions hiding just beneath the surface of the subject matter, that is, the physical objects being created. This is true for the centuries-old, as well as the contemporary, and picking apart the materiality of works of art can reveal the value of using art as a medium to understand and work through the concept of death in relation to our own human existence. This paper constitutes a thorough, material analysis of three works of art created (or finished) in the last 20 years, specifically focused on the topic of death. The works examined are Roman Opalka’s conceptual lifetime project 1 to Infinity, Morgan Quaintance’s video artwork Efforts of Nature and El Anatsui’s site-specific sculpture Fresh and Fading Memories in Venice, Italy. As well as materiality, contextual aspects of the works are considered for this analysis, this to help make concrete and coherent the narratives and stories that make up the works themselves. These narratives are what this paper is aiming to decipher.