New Jersey, Georgia, and the Eastern Shore of Virginia (ESV) are important snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) growing regions, but profitability is threatened by Pythium blight. Causal agents of Pythium blight on snap bean were identified using morphological characterization and sequence analysis of the rDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of 100 isolates. Most isolates were Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. (53%), and also included Pythium deliense Meurs (31%; all from Georgia), Pythium ultimum Trow (12%), Pythium myriotylum Drechsler (2%), Pythium catenulatum Matthews (1%), and unknown Pythium sp. (1%). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. deliense in Georgia and on common bean and squash (Cucurbita pepo L.); as well as the first report of P. catenulatum on lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L.) and in New Jersey. Fungicide labeling and cultivar selection for Pythium blight management is hindered by difficulties associated with conducting successful trials, because the disease occurs sporadically and clustered in the field. Three P. aphanidermatum-infested inoculum substrates were evaluated at three concentrations. The vermiculite/V8 juice (5:3 weight to volume) inoculum (10,000 ppg/0.3 m) consistently caused at least 50% disease in 3 field trials. Sensitivity of the Pythium blight pathogens was determined in vitro against five fungicides. Twenty-two Pythium isolates representing P. aphanidermatum, P. deliense, P. ultimum, and P. myriotylum were inoculated to media amended with each active ingredient at 0, 100μg/ml, the concentration equivalent to the field labeled rate if applied on succulent beans at 187 L/ha, and the equivalent if applied at 374 L/ha. All isolates were completely sensitive (100% growth reduction, or GR) to all active ingredients at the labeled rates, except azoxystrobin. At 100μg/ml azoxystrobin, one P. deliense isolate had 8.9% GR. All isolates had 100% GR to copper hydroxide at 100μg/ml, and the lowest GR on mefenoxam-amended medium was 91.9%. At 100μg/ml cyazofamid, all P. deliense isolates were completely sensitive and variation was observed in P. aphanidermatum isolates. At 100μg/ml potassium phosphite, significant GR similarities were recorded within isolates of the same species, and less than 50% GR was observed in all P. deliense isolates. / Ph. D.

Die Pflanzenfamilie Cucurbitaceae ist sehr vielfältig und viele Arten haben eine wirtschaftliche Bedeutung. Die Untersuchungen konzentrierten sich auf die Analyse von Cucurbitaceen im Rahmen des Gemüseanbaus; auf die Sammlung von Keimplasma im südlichen Vietnam; die Charakterisierung von Akzessionen der Cucurbitaceen; und die Ermittlung von stabilen Merkmalen zur Klassifizierung von Akzessionen des Bitterkürbis. Es erfolgte eine Umfrage im Mekong Delta zur Verbreitung von Cucurbitaceen; es wurden Akzessionen im südlichen Vietnam für die Genebank gesammelt; 160 Akzessionen von fünf gesammelten Arten der Cucurbitaceen wurden anhand von morphologischen Eigenschaften analysiert. Eine Berechnung der Eigenvektoren, UPGMA Methode und 3D-bi-Plots machte die Beziehungen zwischen den Akzessionen sichtbar; 28 Eigenschaften von sieben Bitterkürbiss Akzessionen wurden hinsichtlich der Merkmalsstabilität unter Freiland- und Gewächshausbedingungen bewertet. Es wurden der ‚Two-sample‘ Test, Korrelationstest und UPGMA Methode zur Ermittlung der Stabilität morphologischer Merkmale herangezogen. Bei den Befragungen wurde ermittelt, dass 9 Arten von Cucurbitaceen für den Markt angebaut wurden, mehr als 45% Bauern kultivierten Cucurbitaceen auf 56,5% der für den Gemüseanbau genutzten Fläche. Es wurden 244 Akzessionen mit 14 Arten der Cucurbitaceen die zu 12 Gattungen gehörten in 24 Provinzen im südlichen Vietnam gesammelt, wesentliche Informationen zu ihrer genetischen Beziehung sind verfügbar. Es wurde deutlich, dass 12 Merkmale zur stabilen Charakterisierung des Bitterkürbis geeignet sind und damit zur Einschätzung der genetischen Beziehungen zwischen den Akzessionen. / Cucurbitaceae is highly diverse and many species in this plant family are of economic importance. The study was focused to analyse cucurbit species in vegetable cultivation; to collect cucurbit germplasm in southern Vietnam; to characterize cucurbit germplasm; and to determine the stable characteristics for classifying bitter gourd accessions. A survey was carried out in Mekong River Delta; Cucurbit germplasm was collected in southern Vietnam; 160 accessions of five collected cucurbit species were analysed based on morphological characteristics. Calculating the eigenvectors, UPGMA method, and 3D bi-plots resulted in clear relationships of the accessions; 28 characteristics of seven bitter gourd accessions were evaluated for its stability in two different growing conditions. Two-sample test, correlation test, and UPGMA method were used to determine the stable characteristics. In result of this study, 9 cucurbit species cultivated for commercial market were determined, whereas more than 45% farmers produced cucurbits. Land used for cultivating cucurbits covered 56.5% of total area of vegetable cultivation. 244 accessions of 14 cucurbit species belonging to 12 Cucurbitaceae genera were collected in 24 provinces in southern Vietnam. The evaluated characteristics provided essential information for understanding the genetic relationships of the accessions that were collected in different regions. Regarding stable characteristics, these data suggested that 12 characteristics were useful for evaluating genetic relationships of bitter gourd accessions.

Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-25T20:43:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DIVÂNIA FERREIRA DA SILVA – TESE (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 6209897 bytes, checksum: dff0cafabba0ab449d69fdaef6faf3af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T20:43:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIVÂNIA FERREIRA DA SILVA – TESE (UAEMa) 2015.pdf: 6209897 bytes, checksum: dff0cafabba0ab449d69fdaef6faf3af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-25 / Capes / O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver blendas de poliestireno/composto de resíduo de borracha de estireno-co-butadieno (PS/SBRr) da indústria calçadista visando tenacificar o PS e reaproveitar o SBRr. As blendas foram preparadas nas composições (70/30; 60/40 e 50/50%) em massa e com 5% do compatibilizante estireno-butadieno-estireno (SBS). A fim de se estudar o efeito da sequência de mistura, escolheu-se a composição 50/50% que apresentou o melhor resultado de resistência ao impacto. As sequências realizadas foram: PS/SBRr/SBS 47,5/47,5/5%; PS/SBRr + SBS 47,5/47,5 + 5% e PS/SBS + SBRr 47,5/5 + 47,5% em massa. As blendas foram preparadas por extrusão seguida de injeção e caracterizadas por reometria de torque, tração, impacto, flexão, temperatura de deflexão térmica (HDT), análise térmica dinâmico-mecânica (DMTA), calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). Observou-se nos resultados dos ensaios mecânicos redução no módulo de elasticidade e na resistência à tração e um aumento significativo na resistência ao impacto quando comparados ao PS para todas as composições. A HDT das misturas reduziu pouco em relação ao PS. A sequência de mistura proporcionou bons resultados das propriedades mecânicas, principalmente na composição PS/SBS + SBRr 47,5/5 + 47,5% em massa. Por MEV e MET, pôde-se observar que as blendas compatibilizadas obtiveram uma melhor distribuição das partículas de borracha com uma morfologia mais estável que as não compatibilizadas. Estes resultados foram confirmados por meio dos maiores valores de resistência ao impacto, o que indica a ação do compatibilizante melhorando a adesão entre os componentes desta blenda. Por DMTA constatou-se que estas blendas são imiscíveis. Portanto, fica evidenciada a importância da reutilização dos resíduos de borracha tanto para a tenacificação do PS como também para a redução dos problemas causados ao meio ambiente, quando estes são descartados de forma indevida. / The aim of this study was to develop blends of polystyrene/compound of rubber waste (PS/SBRr) of the shoes industry aiming to tough the PS and to reuse the SBRr. The blends were prepared in the compositions (70/30; 60/40 and 50/50 wt.%) and with 5 wt.% of styrene-butadiene-styrene compatibilizer (SBS). In order to study the effect of mixing sequence, the 50/50 wt.% composition, which presented the best result in impact strength, was selected. The sequences were PS/SBRr/SBS 47.5/47.5/5%; PS/SBRr + SBS 47.5/47.5 + 5% and PS/SBS + SBRr 47.5/5 + 47.5 wt.%. The blends were prepared by co-rotational twin screw extruder and molded by injection and characterized by torque rheometer, mechanical properties, heat deflection temperature (HDT), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From the mechanical tests, a reduction in elastic modulus and tensile strength and a significant increase in impact strength were observed in relation to PS. The HDT for all blends was reduced compared to the PS. The mixing sequence showed good results in mechanical properties, especially in composition PS/SBS + SBRr 47.5/ 5 + 47.5 wt.%. By SEM and TEM it can be seen that the compatibilized blends presented a better distribution of the rubber particles with a morphology that was more stable than the one that was not compatibilized. These results were confirmed by the highest impact strength values, indicating the compatibiliz er action that improves adhesion among the components of the blend. By DMTA it was possible to state that these blends are immiscible. Hence, the importance of the reusing of rubber wastes is evidenced both for toughening of the PS and for the reduction of problems caused to the environment, when they are discharged improperly.

La miniaturisation des composants et l’amélioration des performances des circuits intégrés (ICs) sont dues aux progrès liés au procédé de fabrication. Malgré le nombre de technologie existante, la technologie CMOS est la plus utilisée. Dans le cadre du développement de la technologie CMOS 90nm à double niveau de poly, des recherches sur l’introduction de techniques innovantes de procédé de fabrication et d’une nouvelle architecture de transistor MOS à tension de seuil ajustable ont été menées dans le but d’améliorer les performances des ICs. Une première étude sur l’implémentation des effets de pointe dans les ICs, en particulier pour les mémoires non volatiles est entreprise. Un nouveau procédé de fabrication permettant d’obtenir des pointes dans un matériau est proposé. Il est démontré le gain en courant tunnel obtenu sur une structure pointue par rapport à une structure plane. Une seconde étude est orientée sur le développement d’une nouvelle technique de « patterning ». Les techniques de « patterning » permettent de réduire les dimensions de la photolithographie sans utiliser de masque ayant des dimensions agressives. Les avantages de cette nouvelle technique aux niveaux de sa mise en œuvre et de la suppression des problèmes d’alignement sont présentés. Une dernière étude sur le développement d’un transistor à tension de seuil ajustable est développée. Il est démontré l’avantage de ce composant par rapport aux autres composants à tension de seuil ajustable. La réalisation du modèle et des premières simulations électriques de circuit élémentaire à base de se composant sont présentés. L’amélioration de certaines performances des circuits élémentaire est démontrée. / The component miniaturization and the circuit performance improvement are due to the progress related to the manufacturing process. Despite the number of existing technology, the CMOS technology is the most used. In the 90nm CMOS technology development, with a double poly-silicon level, the research on the introduction of innovative manufacturing process techniques and a new architecture of MOS transistor with an adjustable threshold voltage are carried out to improve the integrated circuit performances. A first study, on the peak effect implementation in the integrated circuits, particularly in the non-volatile memories is undertaken. A new process to obtain a peak effect in a material is proposed. It is shown the tunnel current gain obtained on a peak structure compared with a planar structure. A second study is focused on the development of a new patterning technique. The patterning techniques allow to reduce the photolithography dimensions without using an aggressive mask. The advantages of this new technique in terms of its implementation and the suppression of alignment problems are presented. A last study on the development of a MOS transistor with an adjustable threshold voltage is developed. It is shown the advantage of this component relative to the other components with an adjustable threshold voltage. The model implementation and the first electrical simulations of elementary circuits composed with this new component are presented. The performance improvement of some elementary circuits is demonstrated.

The relatively new and still growing field of 3D-printing has opened up the possibilities to manufacture patient-specific medical devices with high geometrical accuracy in a precise and quick manner. Additionally, biocompatible materials are a demand for all medical applications while biodegradability is of importance when developing scaffolds for tissue growth for instance. With respect to this, this project consisted of developing biocompatible and bioresorbable polymer blend and composite filaments, for fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were used as supporting polymer matrix while hydroxyapatite (HA), a calcium phosphate with similar chemical composition to the mineral phase of human bone, was added to the composites to enhance the biological activity. PLA and PCL content was varied between 90–70 wt% and 10-30 wt%, respectively, while the HA content was 15 wt% in all composites. All materials were characterized in terms of mechanical properties, thermal stability, chemical composition and morphology. An accelerated degradation study of the materials was also executed in order to investigate the degradation behavior as well as the impact of the degradation on the above mentioned properties. The results showed that all processed materials exhibited higher mechanical properties compared to the human trabecular bone, even after degradation with a mass loss of around 30% for the polymer blends and 60% for the composites. It was also apparent that the mineral accelerated the polymer degradation significantly, which can be advantageous for injuries with faster healing time, requiring only support for a shorter time period.

[ES] La presente Tesis Doctoral se centra en la síntesis de nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO para su utilización como fotoelectrocatalizadores durante la producción de hidrógeno a partir de la rotura de la molécula de agua mediante fotoelectrocatálisis y la degradación fotoelectrocatalítica de pesticidas. La principal ventaja de las nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO frente a otros fotocatalizadores basados en materiales semiconductores radica en su capacidad para formar heterouniones en las que se intercalan las bandas de valencia y conducción de ambos semiconductores. Este fenómeno produce una disminución del ancho de banda del fotoelectrocatalizador y de los procesos de recombinación de los pares electrón-hueco fotogenerados y un aumento del rango de absorción de la luz, lo que mejora sus propiedades como fotoelectrocatalizadores. Las nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO obtenidas en la presente Tesis Doctoral se sintetizaron mediante electrodeposición de ZnO sobre nanoesponjas de TiO2. Las nanoesponjas de TiO2 se formaron mediante anodizado electroquímico de titanio en condiciones hidrodinámicas y, posteriormente, se electrodepositó ZnO sobre la superficie de las nanoesponjas de TiO2 modificando la concentración de precursor (Zn(NO3)2 0.5-60 mM), la temperatura (25-75 °C) y el tiempo (15-60 min). Además, se estudió la influencia de electrodepositar ZnO sobre nanoesponjas de TiO2 amorfo o nanoesponjas de TiO2 cristalino, observándose una mejora significativa de la actividad fotoelectrocatalítica de las nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO electrodepositadas sobre nanoesponjas de TiO2 cristalino. Las nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO sintetizadas tuvieron morfología en forma de nanoesponjas, nanobarras hexagonales, nanobarras sin definir y nanoláminas, estudiando la influencia de la concentración de Zn(NO3)2, temperatura y tiempo durante el proceso de electrodeposición de ZnO sobre su comportamiento como fotoelectrocatalizadores. Las nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO sintetizadas se caracterizaron mediante Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido de Emisión de Campo (FE-SEM), Espectroscopía de Energía Dispersiva de Rayos X (EDX), Microscopía Electrónica de Transmisión (TEM), Microscopía de Fuerza Atómica (AFM), Difracción de Rayos X (DRX), Espectroscopía UV-Visible y mediciones de la banda prohibida. Además, se caracterizaron fotoelectroquímicamente mediante ensayos de rotura de la molécula de agua mediante fotoelectrocatálisis y estabilidad frente a la fotocorrosión y electroquímicamente mediante Espectroscopía de Impedancia Fotoelectroquímica (PEIS) y ensayos de Mott-Schottky. Los resultados evidenciaron que las nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO electrodepositadas sobre TiO2 cristalino a 75 °C durante 15 minutos con una concentración de Zn(NO3)2 de 30 mM fueron las más favorables para llevar a cabo aplicaciones fotoelectroquímicas debido a que ofrecieron buena estabilidad frente a la fotocorrosión, elevada respuesta fotoelectroquímica (177 % superior a la de las nanoesponjas de TiO2), baja resistencia a la transferencia de carga y elevada densidad de portadores de carga, en comparación con las nanoesponjas de TiO2. Por último, las nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO óptimas se emplearon como fotoelectrocatalizadores en aplicaciones energéticas y medioambientales. Por un lado, se evaluó la producción teórica de hidrógeno que se obtendría al utilizar las nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO sintetizadas en la presente Tesis Doctoral como fotoánodos durante el proceso de rotura de la molécula de agua mediante fotoelectrocatálisis. Por otro lado, se evaluó la utilización de las nanoestructuras híbridas de TiO2/ZnO óptimas en la degradación fotoelectrocatalítica de pesticidas (Imazalil) en agua, obteniéndose un porcentaje de degradación del 99.6 % llevando a cabo la degradación fotoelectrocatalítica de 10 ppm de Imazalil en Na2SO4 0.1 M durante 24 horas aplicando un potencial de 0.6 V (Ag/AgCl(KCl 3M)). / [CA] La present tesi doctoral se centra en la síntesi de nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO per a utilitzar-les com a fotoelectrocatalitzadors durant la producció d'hidrogen a partir del trencament de la molècula d'aigua mitjançant fotoelectrocatàlisi i la degradació fotoelectrocatalítica de pesticides. El principal avantatge de les nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO enfront d'altres fotocatalitzadors basats en materials semiconductors radica en la seua capacitat per a formar heterojuncions en les quals s'intercalen les bandes de valència i conducció de tots dos semiconductors. Aquest fenomen produeix una disminució de l'ample de banda del fotoelectrocatalitzador i dels processos de recombinació dels parells electró-forat fotogenerats, i un augment del rang d'absorció de la llum, la qual cosa millora les seues propietats com a fotoelectrocatalitzadors. Les nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO es van sintetitzar mitjançant electrodeposició de ZnO sobre nanosponges de TiO2. Les nanosponges de TiO2 es van formar mitjançant anodització electroquímica de titani en condicions hidrodinàmiques i, posteriorment, es va electrodepositar ZnO sobre la superfície de les nanosponges de TiO2 modificant la concentració del precursor (Zn(NO3)2 0.5-60 mm), la temperatura (25-75 °C) i el temps d'electrodeposició (15-60 min). A més, es va estudiar la influència d'electrodepositar ZnO sobre nanosponges de TiO2 amorf o nanosponges de TiO2 cristal·lí, i es va observar una millora significativa de l'activitat fotoelectrocatalítica de les nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO en dur a terme el procés d'electrodeposició de ZnO sobre nanosponges de TiO2 cristal·lí. Les nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO sintetitzades van tindre morfologia en forma de nanosponges, nanobarres hexagonals, nanobarres sense definir i nanolàmines, i es va estudiar la influència de la concentració de Zn(NO3)2, la temperatura i el temps durant el procés d'electrodeposició de ZnO sobre el seu comportament com a fotoelectrocatalitzadors. Les nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO es van caracteritzar mitjançant microscòpia electrònica d'escombratge d'emissió de camp, espectroscòpia de raigs X per dispersió d'energia, microscòpia electrònica de transmissió, microscòpia de força atòmica, difracció de raigs X, espectroscòpia UV visible i mesuraments de la banda prohibida. D'altra banda, es van caracteritzar fotoelectroquímicament mitjançant assajos de trencament de la molècula d'aigua mitjançant fotoelectrocatàlisi i estabilitat enfront de la fotocorrosió, i electroquímicament mitjançant espectroscòpia d'impedància fotoelectroquímica i assajos de Mott-Schottky. Els resultats van evidenciar que les nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO electrodepositades sobre TiO2 cristal·lí a 75°C durant 15 minuts amb una concentració de Zn(NO3)2 de 30 mm van ser les més favorables per a dur a terme aplicacions fotoelectroquímiques, pel fet que van oferir bona estabilitat enfront de la fotocorrosió, elevada resposta fotoelectroquímica (un 177 % superior a la de les nanosponges de TiO2), baixa resistència a la transferència de càrrega i elevada densitat de portadors de càrrega, en comparació amb les nanosponges de TiO2. Finalment, les nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO òptimes es van emprar com a fotoelectrocatalitzadors en aplicacions energètiques i mediambientals. D'una banda, es va avaluar la producció teòrica d'hidrogen que s'obtindria en utilitzar les nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO sintetitzades en la present tesi doctoral com a fotoànodes durant el procés de trencament de la molècula d'aigua mitjançant fotoelectrocatàlisi. D'altra banda, es va avaluar la utilització de les nanoestructures híbrides de TiO2/ZnO òptimes en la degradació fotoelectrocatalítica de pesticides (Imazalil) en aigua, i es va obtenir un percentatge de degradació del 99.6% duent a terme la degradació fotoelectrocatalítica de 10 ppm d'Imazalil en Na2SO4 0.1 M durant 24 h aplicant un potencial de 0.6 V (Ag/AgCl(KCl 3M)). / [EN] This Doctoral Thesis focuses on synthesizing TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures to be used as photoelectrocatalysts in energy and environmental applications, particularly hydrogen production from water splitting by photoelectrocatalysis and photoelectrocatalytic degradation of pesticides. The main advantage of TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures over other photocatalysts based on semiconductor materials is their ability to form heterojunctions in which the valence and conduction bands of both semiconductors are intercalated. This phenomenon produces a decrease in the band gap of the nanostructures, the recombination processes of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and an increase in the light absorption range, which improves their properties as photoelectrocatalysts. The TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures formed in this Doctoral Thesis were synthesized by electrodeposition of ZnO on TiO2 nanosponges. First, TiO2 nanosponges were formed by electrochemical anodization of titanium under hydrodynamic conditions (3000 rpm) and, subsequently, ZnO was electrodeposited on the surface of the TiO2 nanosponges by modifying the precursor concentration (Zn(NO3)2 0.5 - 60 mM), the temperature (25 - 75 °C) and the electrodeposition time (15 - 60 min). In addition, the influence of performing the ZnO electrodeposition on amorphous TiO2 nanosponges (before the thermal treatment) or crystalline TiO2 nanosponges (after the thermal treatment) was studied, showing a significant improvement in the photoelectrocatalytic activity of TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures by carrying out the ZnO electrodeposition process on crystalline TiO2 nanosponges. In this Doctoral Thesis, TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures with morphologies of nanosponges, hexagonal nanorods, undefined nanorods, and nanosheets were synthesized by studying the influence of Zn(NO3)2 concentration, temperature and time during the ZnO electrodeposition process. In addition, the performance of TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures as photoelectrocatalysts was studied. The synthesized TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures were characterized morphologically, photoelectrochemically, and electrochemically. On the one hand, they were morphologically characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Diffraction X-Ray (XRD), UV-Visible Spectroscopy and band gap measurements. On the other hand, they were characterized photoelectrochemically by e water splitting and stability against photocorrosion tests and electrochemically by Photoelectrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (PEIS) and Mott-Schottky tests. The results showed that TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures electrodeposited on crystalline TiO2 at 75 °C for 15 minutes with a Zn(NO3)2 concentration of 30 mM were the most favourable for carrying out photoelectrochemical applications because they offered good stability against photocorrosion, high photoelectrochemical response (177 % higher than that of TiO2 nanosponges), low resistance to charge transfer and high density of charge carriers, compared to TiO2 nanosponges. Finally, the optimal TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures were used as photoelectrocatalysts in energy and environmental applications. On the one hand, the theoretical hydrogen production obtained with the TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures synthesized in this Doctoral Thesis during the water splitting tests was evaluated. On the other hand, the use of the optimal TiO2/ZnO hybrid nanostructures as photoelectrocatalysts in the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of pesticides (Imazalil) in water was evaluated, obtaining a degradation percentage of 99.6 % carrying out the photoelectrocatalytic degradation of 10 ppm of Imazalil in Na2SO4 0.1 M for 24 hours applying a potential of 0.6 VAg/AgCl (3M KCl). / Agradezco al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación la concesión de la subvención proporcionada por el Sistema Nacional de Garantía Juvenil (PEJ2018- 003596-A-AR), al Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad la concesión del proyecto CTQ2016-79203-R y al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación/Agencia Estatal de Investigación la concesión del proyecto PID2019-105844RB- I00/MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, en los cuales he podido participar durante el desarrollo de la presente Tesis Doctoral. / Navarro Gázquez, PJ. (2023). Desarrollo de nuevos electrodos basados en nanoestructuras híbridas de óxidos metálicos semiconductores para aplicaciones energéticas y medioambientales [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/194708