The Earthly Paradise was William Morris’s first real success, and it remained his best-known work even after his death. It has not fared as well since the mid-twentieth century, when it became overlooked and problematic, as the Morris of The Earthly Paradise years became coextensive with a portrait of Victorian middle-class myopia. This verdict has been brought to the doors of the poem’s first readers, who are imagined to have liked it for uncomplicated reasons of fashion and entertainment. I reconsider these assumptions by returning to the contemporary reception of the poem to ask what audiences thought about Morris as a public figure, what it was that they so responded to in his work, and what the poem itself says about reception—the relationship between story, audience, and speaker. I argue both within the text and in the reception of it, such relationships are nearly always understood as communal, as storytellers—Morris and those in his text—address audiences as collective publics, and speak on behalf of them. Moreover, this speech is always marked by a mutually inclusive relationship with text, so that stories are properly understood as arising from the discursive field established through the participation, both textual and vocal, of anyone who understands himself or herself addressed by the discourse.

Cognitive Map Theory (O’Keefe & Nadel, 1978) posits that spatial behavior can reflect locale or taxon strategies. Only locale strategies depend on cognitive maps, and learning recruited by these strategies is unlike associative learning (e.g., Rescorla & Wagner, 1972; Mackintosh, 1975), which is prevalent in the taxon system. Associative learning phenomena like the blocking effect (Kamin, 1969) should therefore not occur during acquisition of cognitive maps. Contrary to this prediction, blocking effects have been demonstrated in spatial learning (e.g., Biegler & Morris, 1999; Chamizo, Sterio, & Mackintosh, 1985; Hamilton & Sutherland, 1999), and have been generally interpreted as evidence against cognitive map theory. Here we provide evidence suggesting that taxon and not locale strategies were promoted in these experiments, and we ask which factors determine whether taxon or locale strategies control spatial behavior in a computer-implementation of a widely used spatial task (Morris Water Maze; Morris, 1981). We isolated two factors relevant for spatial strategy choice in human spatial learning that are both related to the individual’s preexisting knowledge, namely conceptual knowledge about the distal cues, and knowledge about the task affordances. The blocking effect was used as an index for locale or taxon learning. We found that taxon strategies were more likely for abstract distal cues, while concrete cues promoted locale strategies – blocking was present for the former, but not the latter. When subjects were aware that the distal cues predicted locations, locale, and not taxon strategies were recruited, such that blocking was not observed. Spatial strategy choice appears to be largely driven by interindividual differences, and can therefore not be easily predicted a priori. Our findings cannot be explained by associative learning theories, but provide strong support for cognitive map theory and the position that multiple behavioral systems exist in the brain.

This project examines two works of nineteenth-century utopian fiction, Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward and William Morris's News from Nowhere, and considers the way in which the organization of work in these imagined post-capitalist futures is guided by their respective philosophies of labor: while Bellamy's utopia is structured by an understanding of labor as primarily a social duty, Morris presents labor as central to the full development and happiness of the individual. These two utopias are read as representative of a fundamental tension within the writings of Marx: while Morris's understanding of labor aligns with the early works of Marx, Bellamy's vision is an expression of later attempts by Marx to distinguish between productive activity performed in the "realm of necessity" and that performed in the "realm of freedom." This project identifies in Bellamy's utopia a continued presence of alienated labor and reads this limitation as the inevitable outcome of an attempt to realize Marx's distinction between necessary and free production; Morris's ability to eradicate alienated labor in his utopia is thus only possible because he abandons this distinction and recognizes, as did the early Marx, the centrality of all forms of production to the individual's realization of her creative human essence. However, while Morris overcomes alienation, his attempt to break with the material foundations of capitalism leaves his utopia unsustainable; this project therefore looks to Bellamy's economic structures in an attempt to imagine how Morris's labor philosophy might be infused with Bellamy's structural elements to create a socialist future which would grow from the material conditions of capitalism while fully separating itself from the alienation of capitalist labor relations.

"Direct Address" is a document intended to complement a body of artwork, including photographs and digital video. The focus of this text is to discuss my process of creating documentary film. Beginning with my thesis film it traces my development as documentary filmmaker over a two-year period, highlighting shifts in my thinking and activity during that time.

De nombreuses données suggèrent que l'activation/phosphorylation du facteur de transcription CREB (cAMP Responsive Element Binding protein, pCREB) est nécessaire à la consolidation mnésique, notamment dans les tâches dépendantes de l’hippocampe (HPC). Au laboratoire, il a été récemment montré, dans deux paradigmes de conditionnement classique, que la consolidation des associations contexte-choc (HPC-dépendante) vs son-choc (amygdale-dépendante), est associée à l'établissement de cinétiques pCREB différentielles dans l’HPC (respectivement biphasique vs monophasique). Partant de ces données, nos travaux ont porté sur l'étude des cinétiques de la voie transcriptionnelle CREB-gènes précoces lors de la consolidation ou de la perturbation (vieillissement, extinction) d'une mémoire spatiale acquise en piscine de Morris. L’analyse des niveaux de pCREB au cours de l’entraînement met en évidence un recrutement différentiel des structures examinées selon la phase d’apprentissage, et nous a ainsi permis d’illustrer la théorie d’interaction des systèmes de mémoire. L’étude détaillée de la cinétique d’activation de CREB en fin d’apprentissage (lorsque la mémoire est bien consolidée) met en évidence des patrons d’activité pCREB qui varient selon la structure considérée (biphasique dans le CA1 vs monophasique ou inexistant dans les autres structures). La durée et l’amplitude de l’activation de CREB reflètent (1) le niveau d’implication de la structure cérébrale considérée dans le traitement des informations spatiales et (2) le degré de maîtrise de la tâche. L’analyse des patrons d’activation de CREB chez des souris âgées révèle que les déficits de mémoire spatiale dus au vieillissement sont associés à une altération sélective de la cinétique pCREB et à une diminution de la production de protéine Fos dans le CA1. Enfin, nous montrons que l’extinction de la mémoire spatiale induit des altérations spécifiques du patron d’activation de CREB dans le l’HPC (CA1) et l’amygdale selon que l’extinction est effectuée par retrait ou changements successifs de la position de la plate-forme. Dans leur ensemble, nos données mettent en lumière le rôle crucial de l’activation de la voie transcriptionnelle CREB dépendante dans l’aire CA1, dans une fenêtre temporelle extrêmement fine, pour le traitement des informations spatiales. / Accumulating evidence suggest that the activation/phosphorylation of CREB transcription factor (cAMP Responsive Element Binding protein, pCREB) is necessary for memory consolidation in hippocampus (HPC)-dependant tasks. Recently, it has been shown that the consolidation of memory traces for contextual- (HPC-dependant) vs elemental- (amygdala-dependent) conditioning resulted in different pCREB patterns in the HPC (respectively biphasic vs monophasic). Based on these data, we studied, by immunohistochemistry and western-blots, the activation patterns of the CREB-early genes transcriptional route during consolidation and disturbance (aging, extinction) of a spatial memory acquired in the Morris water maze. Analysis of pCREB levels across training revealed differential recruitment of the structures considered as a function of the learning phase, and illustrated memory systems interaction. A detailed analysis of the kinetics of CREB activation at the end of training (when the memory is well consolidated) showed variable activation patterns within the different structures examined (biphasic in the CA1 vs monophasic or absent in other structures). The amplitude and duration of CREB phosphorylation reflected (1) the role of the structure examined in spatial information processing and (2) the degree of mastering of the task. The detailed analysis of CREB phosphorylation in aged mice revealed that aging-induced spatial memory deficits are associated to a selective alteration of pCREB pattern and Fos production in the CA1. Finally, we showed that extinction of spatial memory differentially affected the CREB phosphorylation pattern in the HPC (CA1) and the amygdala when extinction occurred either by moving or by retiring the platform. Together, our findings highlight the crucial role of the activation of the CREB dependant transcriptional route within a narrow window in the CA1 subfield for efficient spatial information processing.

My work concerns the divergent narratives created by fusing varied, often conflicting, textures, colors and fabrics, into a tenuous order. I intend for these otherwise clashing materials to create drama that is simultaneously enthusiastic, epic and ambiguous. While this media's formal properties re an important component of my work, the material's cultural and art-historical associations are also are critical ingredient. In this thesis, I will explore the use of the varied collage material, hierarchical compositions and contemporary influence of 19th Century Romantic themes as they relate to forming a variety of distinctly contemporary narratives in my compositions. I will investigate how my artistic point-of-view is informed by art-history, irony and the work of contemporary painters. Finally, I will discuss how my work engages a contemporary version of the Sublime.

Práce přibližuje a analyzuje problematiku společenské odpovědnosti firem. Zdůrazňuje problematičnost společensky odpovědného chování u tabákových společností, konkrétně u společnosti Philip Morris ČR a.s. Soustředí se též na odlišení společensky odpovědných aktivit a klasické reklamy a propagace svých produktů. Cílem práce je zhodnotit společensky odpovědné chování společnosti Philip Morris ČR a.s.

No description available.

Alzheimer’s disease is an insidious neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of people worldwide. Currently, there are no determinants that can accurately predict the onset cognitive decline in AD. This thesis investigates and defines changes in the lipidome that are linked to symptomatic onset and cognitive impairment in mouse models of AD. Using a targeted lipidomic approach employing high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandom mass spectrometry, direct biochemical assessments, and behavioural evaluation, I was able to (a) profile and quantify cortical and hippocampal glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine metabolites and signaling molecules in the APPSwe/PS1dE9 and the N5 TgCRND8 murine models of AD and (b) associate changes in lipid metabolism with learning and memory impairment. I demonstrate that glycerophosphocholine metabolism in the cortex but not the hippocampus is altered at symptomatic onset in both mouse models. These same metabolic changes were seen in younger animals exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia, an environmental risk factor that accelerates their phenoconversion. In fully impaired transgenic mice, I defined metabolic changes associated with disease progression. To further assess the impact of sex, another risk factor of Alzheimer’s disease cognitive decline, I characterized an AD model of sex-specific cognitive resistance. I demonstrated that transgenic males but not females exhibit behavioural indices of cognitive reserve when tested in the Morris Water Maze. Using this mouse line, I then investigated how measures of learning and memory associated with glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine metabolism. I identified increases in critical glycerophosphoethanolamine metabolites linked to spatial learning and memory impairment in the cortex of N5 TgCNRD8 mice and demonstrated that these changes could be predicted by profiling the plasma glycerophosphoethanolamine lipidome. Taken together, this thesis links glycerophospholipid metabolism to the onset and progression of learning and memory impairment in experimental models of AD and provides the first evidence that changes in cortical lipid metabolism can be predicted by changes in the plasma lipidome.

2.5 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually in the United States. Although there is potential for functional recovery following TBI, there is no definitive treatment to improve recovery after TBI. Our lab has shown that TBI enhances an endogenous neurogenic response in the subventricular zone and hippocampus. TBI-induced neural stem cells (NSCs) can integrate into regions such as the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. Although the mechanism behind TBI-enhanced neurogenesis remains unknown, the Notch signaling pathway has been implicated as a regulator in the maintenance and survival of NSCs. This thesis explores the effects of Notch pathway manipulation on functional recovery following TBI. We hypothesize that Notch signaling plays a critical role in recovery after TBI. Activation of this pathway via a Notch agonist (Notch1) will facilitate post-injury recovery while inhibition of this pathway via a Notch antagonist (recombinant Jagged-1 Fc) will deter post-injury recovery. Functional recovery was assessed within 30 days or 60 days post-injury in two different cohorts of animals. The behavior assays conducted in this study included motor, cognitive, and olfactory assessment. In the 30-day phase, Notch pathway manipulation following TBI did not affect functional performance. In the 60-day study, significant group differences were found. While the FPI+Vehicle animals exhibited a functional recovery in Morris water maze, injured animals with Notch inhibition failed to show this cognitive recovery, indicating the involvement of the Notch pathway in cognitive recovery at the chronic stage following TBI. Motor and olfaction were not significantly affected by Notch pathway manipulation.