Health literacy represents the cognitive and social skills which determine the motivation and ability of individuals to gain access to, understand and use information in ways which promote and maintain good health, according to WHO. Common health literacy level may be sufficient in the case of smooth pregnancy and natural childbirth. However, if there are some health problems, it is necessary to support an increase in health literacy level of mothers. Main objective of this thesis is to describe the objective health literacy level of mothers with premature baby and to identify areas that are for these mothers most problematic. The theoretical part deals with demographic data related to premature births, the basic definition of prematurity, an essential characteristic of neonatology and organization of care, premature baby, the most common medical complications and prognosis. Defines and operationalizes health literacy of mothers with premature baby. Research used a qualitative methodology. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Respondents for interview were physicians who care for preterm infants. The selection of respondents was conducted using the snowball sampling to facilitate data analysis, were interviews transcribed and then analyzed using the cluster analysis. Results were...

The study focuses on social work as work with values. In the theoretical part defines the concept of value. Values are later described in social work, families and shelters for mothers with children. As part of the research the values of shelters for mothers and children and the value of users of these facilities are then compared to each other, to what extent are the same or different. The research was conducted in three shelters for mothers with children through interviews. By document analysis the values of shelters on the quality standards of social services were measured. The questions used in the interviews are divided into several areas: family relationships, the relationship of mother and education and work in childhood and adulthood, the relationship of a mother to her children, their education and future occupation, partner relationships and additional questions. These areas should point out what is important to mothers and children. Using this information is possible to compare the values and social workers in shelters that social workers can be incorporated into the concept of the social services.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

The thesis deals with the phenomenon of motherhood for women with intellectual disabilities. The first chapter of the thesis is devoted to the question of who are parents with intellectual disabilities and how their own personality influences their motherhood. The second chapter is concentrated on formal and informal sources of help that mothers with intellectual disabilities receive abroad. The third chapter aims to concentrate on existing system providing help to people with mental illness in the Czech Republic. The last part of the thesis presents a research project whose aim was to analyze the current situation of women-mothers with intellectual disabilities and understand how these women perceive their addressed motherhood and identify problems that women deal with during their pregnancy and motherhood. The research also describes what kind of support they receive. During the project was used a qualitative research which methods are presented by interviews. The research is based on analysis of interviews with four mothers with intellectual disabilities, which are further processed by using The Grounded Theory. The objectives of the thesis have been fulfilled, and stated the following theory: "Coping with a role of being mother is for women with intellectual disabilities subject to women's...

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:46:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissSMD.pdf: 1751286 bytes, checksum: ff64068b906c5db05164a6be5d262882 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-24 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Researchers in the area of special education have shown that various factors outside the school system can lead children to develop learning problems. Poor quality family relationships, for example, can interfere with the healthy development of the various facets of a child s self concept which, in turn, can lower the child s academic achievement. As such, many criticisms are made concerning the way that parents especially mothers - divide their attention between their children and other involvements. Presently, most married women fall into one of two categories: some dedicate the great majority of their time to caring for their family and homes, while others divide their time between their family, homes and paid employment. Both options bring advantages and disadvantages to the task of parenting. For working mothers, the great amount of time required to meet both family and professional obligations is a source of stress, which can compromise the quality of parent-child relationships. On the other hand, in many families in which the mother is a housewife, financial resources are fewer and the women have lower selfesteem and poorer health than women who have paid employment, which can reduce the quality of their parenting behaviors. The objectives of this study were to: a) adapt existing instruments to evaluate work conditions, psychological wellbeing and the mothers involvement in bringing up their children; b) compare housewives and women who have paid employment with respect to the frequency of various types of involvements with their children; and c) investigate the relationship between the frequency of these interactions and three measures that reflect the adequacy of certain aspects of their children s development (self-concept, academic achievement and the children s perceptions of the mother-child relationship). Participants included 60 mother-child pairs -- 23 mothers with paid employment and 37 housewives. The average age of the mothers was 36.5 years. The children were in either fifth or sixth grade, with an average age of 11.9 years. The mothers responded to the Mother s vision about her family interaction and well being Questionnaire , and the children were evaluated using Portuguese versions of the Academic Achievement Test , the Self-Description Questionnaire I (SDQI) and the Mother-Child Relationship Questionnaire Child´s Vision . With respect to the mothers, both groups reported that they make frequent use of the majority of the parenting behaviors that lead to healthy family relationships, with very few statistically significant differences appearing between the two groups. With respect to the children, there were no statistically significant differences between those whose mothers were housewives and those whose mothers had paid employment, in terms of their academic achievement, selfconcept or their evaluations of the frequency of their interactions with their mothers. These results indicate that there was no relationship between these three measures of the children s wellbeing and their mothers employment status. However, correlations showed that the frequency of some types of maternal interaction make a positive contribution to the development of their children s academic self-concept, which, in turn, is positively related to their academic achievement. Thus, the frequency of the mothers involvement in their children s lives, in and of itself, and not her status as a housewife or a working mother, seems to be an important factor for the development of a positive selfconcept and achievement of academic success, among their children. / Pesquisadores na área de educação especial têm mostrado que vários fatores fora do sistema escolar podem levar ao desenvolvimento de problemas de aprendizagem. Relacionamentos familiares de baixa qualidade, por exemplo, dificultam a construção saudável das diferentes facetas do autoconceito das crianças, o que pode, por sua vez, desfavorecer seu desempenho escolar. Dessa forma, existem muitas críticas em relação à maneira como os pais sobretudo as mães dividem sua atenção entre seus filhos e outros compromissos. Hoje, a maior parte das mulheres casadas faz parte de uma de duas categorias: as que dedicam a maior parte do seu tempo à família e ao lar e as que dividem seu tempo entre a família, o lar e o trabalho remunerado. Ambas as opções trazem vantagens e desvantagens à tarefa de ser mãe. Para mulheres que trabalham fora, a alta demanda de tempo para cumprir as obrigações familiares e profissionais é um fator de estresse que pode comprometer a qualidade do relacionamento com os filhos. Por outro lado, em muitas das famílias com uma mãe dona de casa, os recursos financeiros são menores e as mulheres possuem níveis inferiores de auto-estima e saúde do que as mulheres que trabalham fora, o que pode diminuir a qualidade de seus comportamentos parentais. Nesse estudo, objetivou-se: a) adaptar instrumentos já existentes para avaliar as condições de trabalho, bem-estar psicológico e a participação materna na educação dos filhos; b) comparar mães donas de casa e mães que trabalham fora no que diz respeito à freqüência de vários tipos de envolvimento com seus filhos; e c) investigar a associação entre a freqüência dessas interações e três medidas que refletem a adequação de certos aspectos do desenvolvimento dos seus filhos (autoconceito, desempenho acadêmico e as percepções das crianças da relação mãe e filho). Este trabalho contou com a participação de 60 pares de mães e filhos - 23 mães que trabalhavam fora e 37 mães donas de casa. A média de idade entre as mães foi de 36,5 anos. As crianças estavam ou na 5ª ou na 6ª série, com média de idade de 11,9 anos. A coleta de dados envolveu o preenchimento do Questionário sobre a percepção materna a respeito do relacionamento familiar e de seu bem-estar pelas mães e a avaliação das crianças usando o Teste de Desempenho Escolar , o Questionário para avaliação do Autoconceito e o Questionário sobre a Relação da Mãe e Filho, na Visão do Filho . Em relação às mães, ambos os grupos relataram que usam, com alta freqüência, grande parte dos comportamentos desejáveis ao bom relacionamento familiar, havendo poucas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos. Em relação às crianças, também não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre aquelas cujas mães eram donas de casa e aquelas cujas mães trabalhavam fora, no que diz respeito ao seu desempenho acadêmico, seu autoconceito ou as avaliações da freqüência de interações com suas mães. Estes resultados indicam que não havia uma relação entre estes três medidas do bem-estar das crianças e o vínculo das mães com o mercado de trabalho. No entanto, as correlações mostram que alguns aspectos da freqüência da interação das mães com seus filhos contribuam positivamente para a formação do autoconceito acadêmico dos mesmos, o qual, por sua vez, está relacionado positivamente com o desempenho acadêmico das crianças. Assim, a freqüência do envolvimento das mães na vida de seus filhos, por si só, e não o fato de ser dona de casa ou trabalhar fora, parece ser um importante fator para o desenvolvimento de um autoconceito positivo e a obtenção de sucesso acadêmico, entre as crianças.

In this thesis the intricacies of service user and staff perceptions of psychological interventions for mental health difficulties were explored. Expanding upon this theme, mothers and staff on a Mother and Baby Unit (MBU) were asked about their views regarding the acceptability and feasibility of the implementation of a parenting intervention, Baby Triple P Positive Parenting Programme (Baby TP). This investigation is presented as four papers: a literature review, two empirical papers (a & b) and, a critical review and personal reflection of the research process.The literature review, a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies, explores service user and staff perceptions of psychological interventions for mental health difficulties. Twenty-eight studies were synthesised to develop comprehensive understanding of subtle, specific and overlapping elements involved in the implementation of psychological intervention. Guided by Noblit and Hare’s (1988) approach, 11 over-arching themes and 25 sub-ordinate themes emerged from the synthesis. Findings provide a detailed description of the concepts pertinent to both service users and staff. Implications are identified for service managers and clinicians in obtaining optimum efficiency and outcomes of psychological intervention. The empirical study is a Q-methodological investigation into service user and staff perceptions of the acceptability and feasibility of a parenting intervention, Baby TP, on a MBU. This study is split into two population-specific papers. Overall five main factors were identified (service users: three; staff: two), which provides new insights into the acceptable and feasible elements of a parenting intervention within this specialist setting. The findings highlight a positive consensus as to the acceptability and feasibility of Baby TP in a MBU setting alongside a number of identified needs pertinent to service users, staff and the setting. Clinical implications and recommendations are provided to address identified areas of need for both populations within this setting. The third paper is a critical review of the thesis illustrated through personal reflections of the research process.

The theme of my thesis is Assistance in financial management and use of financial counselling services at the asylum houses for mothers with children. The aim of this study is to determine whether it is possible to help mothers at asylum houses with financial management. Financial literacy and the skill to manage their money of these users is very low and it is later on transmitted to their children. Social workers at asylum houses try to help and to encourage their clients in various areas of their lives. Money is not the area every client allows you to intervene in. In my work I consider the views of particular participants on issues of financial management and through using various tools to cooperate with users to improve their financial management skills and at the end of my work I review how the cooperation worked out and succeeded.

Thesis (MMed)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this pilot project was to determine whether mothers with laboratory confirmed or clinically suspected tuberculosis (TB) had evidence of TB in the placenta. A secondary objective was to correlate evidence of placental TB with neonatal outcome. A total of 56 placentas were examined to determine if there were any specific histopathological features predictive of tuberculosis together with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining. A total of 30 cases were positive for maternal TB and one case was a false positive maternal diagnosis of TB, whilst 25 cases were negative for maternal TB. Biopsies from these 56 placentas were collected for conventional PCR from the paraffin embedded tissue blocks. The performance of these two diagnostic modalities (histopathology and PCR) was assessed coll ectively and individually, and compared to the neonatal outcome (presence or absence of active clinical mycobacterial tuberculosis infection) and evidence of maternal pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis. The recognition of specific sites of lesions in the placenta (e.g. membranes vs. intervillous space) may lead to an understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in matern alfetal transmission of tuberculosis, and thereby pave the way for further studies in understanding the pathogenesis of congenital TB. Invaluable knowledge was obtained in the diagnoses of M.tuberculosis in the placenta as it was found that micro abscesses and intervillositis were strong indicators of TB infection in the placenta, however, ZN staining still remains the gold standard for diagnosing M.tuberculosis infection in the placenta. PCR is found to have limitations, because only M.tuberculosis DNA is amplified and does not distinguish live from dead bacteria. The conclusion reached is that PCR is of limited value in the diagnosis of active M.tuberculosis infection in the placenta using FFPE tissue, while certain histological changes may be indicative of such infection; however confirmation of the organism by ZN staining is still essential. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die hoofdoelwit van hierdie projek was om vas te stel of moeders met bevestigde of vermoedelike TB enige indikasie van TB in die plasenta toon. ‘n Tweede doelwit was om die neonatale uitkoms teenoor die plasentale TB te korreleer. ‘n Totale getal van 56 plasentas is ondersoek om vas te stel of daar enige spesifieke histopatologiese indikasies is van tuberkulose met die hulp van die ZN spesiale kleuring. Die totale getal positiewe vir TB was 30 asook ‘n vals positiewe geval vir TB en daar was 25 TB negatiewe gevalle. Ses en vyftig biopsies is versamel van paraffien in gebedteerde weefsel vir die gebruik in PKR. Die uitvoering van hierdie twee diagnostiese modaliteite is elk individueel ondersoek asook gesamentlik om dit te vergelyk met die neonatale uitkoms (m.a.w die teenwoordigheid of aanwesigheid van mikobakteriale tuberkulose infeksie) asook die teenwoordigheid van moederlike pulmunere en ekstra-pulmunere tuberkulose. Die spesifieke ligging van die letsels in die plasenta (bv. membrane vs. intervillus spasie) kan lei tot verbeterde begrip van die patogeniese meganismes betrokke in die moeder fetale oordrag van tuberkulose en dit kan lei tot toekomstige navorsing. Waardevolle kennis is opgedoen in die diagnose van M.tuberkulose in die plasenta, want die letsels van mikro abbesses en intervillisitus gee ‘n goeie aanduiding van TB infeksie in die plasenta. Die ZN kleuring bly nog steeds die standaard metode om M.tuberculose in die plasenta te diagnoseer. PKR het baie limiete want dit kan slegs die M.tuberkulose DNA vermeningvuldig, maar dit kan nie onderskeid tref tussen lewendige en dooie bakterie nie. The slotsom in hierdie projek is dat PKR ‘n be pperkte waarde het in die diagnose van aktiewe M .tuberkulose in die plasenta, deur die gebruik van formalien gefikseerde paraffien ingebedteerde weefsel nie terwyl sekere histologiese veranderinge ‘n aa nduiding van sodanige infeksie kan wees maar dat dit deur die spesiale kleruring (ZN) bevestig moet word. / National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS)