Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2015-10-26T16:38:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Ismael da Silva Raupp_.pdf: 11785634 bytes, checksum: df9af2077289fc6b1cfb3a3a6d6a7476 (MD5) Ismael da Silva Raupp_.pdf: 11785634 bytes, checksum: df9af2077289fc6b1cfb3a3a6d6a7476 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-26T16:38:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Ismael da Silva Raupp_.pdf: 11785634 bytes, checksum: df9af2077289fc6b1cfb3a3a6d6a7476 (MD5) Ismael da Silva Raupp_.pdf: 11785634 bytes, checksum: df9af2077289fc6b1cfb3a3a6d6a7476 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-08-07 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Este trabalho propôs uma pesquisa interdisciplinar entre a Geologia e a Arqueologia, buscando compreender, a partir de uma perspectiva geoarqueológica, a relação entre a evolução da Planície Costeira do Rio Grande do Sul (PCRS) e a ocupação humana pretérita na área. Nossa área de estudo foi o Litoral Norte do estado, nos limites do município de Arroio do Sal, onde utilizamos o Radar de Penetração de Solo (GPR) para adquirir perfis onde foi possível identificar feições pretéritas que indicaram configurações da planície favoráveis à ocupação humana na região. A partir dos dados coletados na PCRS foi realizada uma interpretação do possível cenário no qual antigos grupos humanos viveram, mostrando a presença de antigas lagoas e lagunas hoje colmatadas. A mesma ferramenta geofísica foi utilizada em aquisições no sambaqui Marambaia I (RS-LN-312). Com as informações obtidas, criamos um mapa indicativo de locais propensos à presença de materiais arqueológicos, esperando diminuir assim erros e custos em futuras escavações e manter a integridade do sítio. / This work is an interdisciplinary research between Geology and Archeology. It aims to understand from a geoarchaelogycal perspective the relationship between the evolution of the northern portion of the coastal plain of the Rio Grande do Sul State (PCRS) and the preterit human occupation in the area. Our study area is located within the limits of the Arroio do Sal municipality. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) devices were used to acquire profiles in which were identified past coastal plain features favorable to human occupation of the region. From the data collected an interpretation of the possible scenario in which ancient human groups lived was elaborated, including the presence of currently filled back barrier lakes and lagoons. The same geophysical tool was used for subsurface acquisition in the shell mound named Marambaia I (RS-LN-312). The results have allowed the elaboration of a map of places prone to the presence of archaeological materials, hence hoping to reduce errors and costs in future excavation and therefore to preserve as much as possible the site integrity.

This project reexamines field notes and artifacts from a Works Progress Administration excavation of the Picnic Mound (8Hi3), a Safety Harbor-period burial mound located in Hillsborough County, Florida. The goals are to reconstruct burial practices digitally using a Geographic Information Systems approach to test Ripley Bullen's model of Woodland and Safety Harbor burial practices, and demonstrate ways that modern technologies can be used to provide new information from past investigations. This thesis also presents new information from a pXRF study about prehistoric ceramic manufacturing in the Tampa Bay area, and discusses additional archaeological resources associated with the Picnic Mound. This thesis also illustrates new ways that archaeological materials can be analyzed and exhibited using three-dimensional laser scanning. Results from the GIS modeling show that burial practices were varied, and cannot be used to assign temporal placement to burial mounds within the Safety Harbor period, as proposed by Bullen. This research illustrates the value of returning to extant archaeological collections and field notes to test models of past human lifeways in a manner that is non-destructive. Information derived from the technologies used for my research can be shared digitally among researchers and can be used to develop materials for public education and furthers additional research efforts.

This thesis examines the history and results of investigations at 1Cv32, the Mitchell Site, in Covington County, Alabama. The Mitchell Site is perhaps the largest recorded Middle Woodland mound center in southeast Alabama. Data from limited testing are examined here with particular emphasis on the ceramic assemblage. Ceramic data indicate that the portion of this site investigated is predominately Middle Woodland, with distinct Weeden Island attributes.

The Crystal River site (8CI1) is a Woodland-period (ca 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1050) mound complex located on the Gulf of Mexico in west-central Florida. Among the features at the site are four shell and sand platform mounds, two burial mounds, and an extensive shell midden. The proximity to the Gulf and the reliance on marine and brackish resources present an apparent, yet poorly understood interaction between the people of this area and their environment. I attempt to model the relationship of the occupation of Crystal River with sea level change. The analysis of 58 soil cores from across the site provided detailed stratigraphic information and AMS radiocarbon dates needed to examine anthropogenic site formation. I then compared the rates of midden deposition and monumental architecture construction with sea level and climatic periods. This research revealed that landscape modification occurred during periods of both high and low mean sea level suggesting that human-environmental interaction at Crystal River cannot be modeled by sea level alone. Further comparison showed that mound construction increased and midden deposition decreased during the Vandal Minimum indicating a possible sociopolitical transition concurrent with changing environmental conditions.

Coastal regions are extensively utilized by constructing coastal structures and facilities, as a result of the economical potential they offer. In designing and construction of coastal structures, it is important to achieve an optimum design satisfying both the stability and the engineering economy requirements effectively, regarding the natural balance of the coastal region. In this study, first step model tests on the stability of the coastal protection structures of Eastern Black Sea Highway Project under construction, proved that the structure is not stable and safe under severe wave action. As an innovative approach, using Van der Meer&amp / #8217 / s approach and berm design guidelines alternative cross sections were generated.In the second step of the model studies, 8 different models were constructed using a model scale of 1/31.08 and they were tested both for breaking and non-breaking waves. The experiments took place in the Coastal and Harbor Engineering Laboratory of the Middle East Technical University, Civil Engineering Department. The newly designed and optimized berm type structure was proved to be successful and economical.

A transect of cores ranging from 798 m to 1585 m water depth in the South Atlantic Ocean document the relative intermediate water mass nutrient geometry and stable isotopic variability of AAIW during the Younger Dryas cooling event. The data reveal concurrent delta^13 C and delta^18 O excursions of 0.59 ppt and 0.37 ppt within the core of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) centered at 11,381 calendar years before present based on radiometric age control. A portion of the delta^1 3C variability (0.22 ppt) can be explained by a shift in thermodynamic equilibrium concurrent with a drop in temperature of 1.8°C at the locus of AAIW formation. The remaining 0.37 ppt increase in delta^13 C most likely resulted from increased wind velocities, and a greater coupling between the ocean and the atmosphere at the locus of AAIW formation (increased efficiency of the thermodynamic process). Deepwater coral mounds are aggregates of corals, other organisms, their skeletal remains, and sediments that occur on the seafloor of the world’s oceans. In the Straits of Florida, these features have been referred to as lithoherms. We use digital, side-scan sonar data collected from the submarine NR-1 from an 10.9 km^2 area at ~650 m water depth to characterize quantitatively aspects of the morphology of 216. Their lengths, widths, heights, areas, orientations and concentration on the seafloor have been determined. Analysis indicates that the outlines of relatively small to medium sized lithoherms can be effectively described with a piriform function. This shape is less applicable to the largest lithoherms because they are aggregates of smaller lithoherms. Nearly all of the lithoherms studied have axes parallel to the northward flowing Florida Current, and the heads of 80 percent of these features face into the current. The shape and orientation of the lithoherms, and evidence of megaripples and scouring in the sonar data suggest that these features are formed by a unidirectional current. Following an extensive investigation of over 200 lithoherms via side-scan sonar imagery and direct observation, we have developed a qualitative model for the formation of the lithoherm type of deep-water coral mounds in the Straits of Florida. Lithoherm formation can be characterized by four main stages of development: nucleating, juvenile, mature singular, and fused. Fused lithoherms can form via transverse and/or longitudinal accretion, however, transverse accretion at the head of the mound is likely the most efficient mechanism. A comparison of lithoherm spatial relationship to local bathymetry agrees with previous observations of deep-water coral mound formations along the levied margins of density flow scour channels.

Black Sea coast line is a hazardous region especially in winter due to the dominant wave action. Therefore, rubble mound breakwaters used as ship shelters are vital structures especially for the fishermen. Construction of the breakwater requires good quality durable armourstones. Due to the nature of the rubble mound breakwaters, armourstones having various sizes and types are used in the construction of these structures. The deterioration of these armourstones with time in the form of abrasion and disintegration may result in the failure of the breakwater. Therefore, it is important to investigate the durability and quality of the armourstones to be used in these structures. In this thesis, the properties of the armourstones taken from five rock quarries and used in the Hisar&ouml / n&uuml / (Bartin), the Tarlaagzi (Bartin) and the Alapli (Zonguldak) rubble mound breakwaters were studied both in field and laboratory in order to assess their qualities and long term durabilities. Based on the in-situ observations and laboratory tests, the Kavakdere, Kavukkavlagi and the Tarlaagzi limestones are good (durable) rocks. However, the &Ccedil / &ouml / mlek&ccedil / ikuyu andesite is found to be generally marginal rock, and the Kiran sandstone is poor rock. CIRIA/CUR, RDId, RERS and Wet-Dry strength ratio classifications are in good agreement with the in-situ observations and the results of the laboratory tests. However RDIs, Average Pore Diameter and Saturation Coefficient classifications do not fully reflect the reality.

Coastal regions are very important because they provide a lot of resources and benefits for all the humankind. Coastal defense structures protect coastal regions from wave attacks. However, the cost of construction such coastal defense structures are very high and need big investments. Hence, to reach the optimum design and minimize the risk of failure has vital importance during the design stage of these structures. Model studies are the most effective tool in optimizing the design of these structures. Rubble mound coastal defense structures were constructed with assembly of different sizes of armor stones and front slopes. Rubble mound coastal defense structures were designed by Van der Meer

Simulation models based on the elliptic mild or steep slope wave equation are frequently used to estimate wave properties needed for the engineering calculations of harbors. To increase the practical applicability of such models, a method is developed to include the effects of rubble mound structures that may be present along the sides of entrance channels into harbors. The results of this method are found to match those of other mathematical models (i.e. parabolic approximation & three-dimensional solution) under appropriate conditions, but they also deviate from results of parabolic approximations in some cases because dissipation can create angular scattering. Comparison with hydraulic model data also shows that this approach is useful for designing pocket wave absorbers that are used to reduce wave heights in entrance channels.

Thesis (B.S.)--University of Wisconsin -- La Crosse, 2009. / Also available online. Includes bibliographical references (p. 28-32).