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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Synthetic studies toward plakortolides : asymmetric synthesis of ent-plakortolide I and seco-plakortolide E

Barnych, Bogdan 09 December 2011 (has links) (PDF)
In this thesis manuscript are described our synthetic efforts and the first total synthesis of two natural products isolated from the sponges of the genus Plakortis. In total, two different synthetic approaches were studied to finally accomplish the synthesis of plakortolide I. The first approach is an extension of the method developed by our group which consists in the creation of the 1,2-dioxane cycle by intramolecular opening of vinyl epoxide with β-hydroperoxy group. Firstly, we was interested in the preparation of alkoxymethylhexa-2,5-dien-1-ol. We have also tried to create the 1,2-dioxane cycle by double opening of bis-1,5-epoxide with hydrogen peroxide. Further more we have synthesised trisubstituted β-hydroperoxy vinyl epoxide, precursor of 1,2-dioxan ring, from R-epichlorohydrin. During this synthesis a procedure of chemoselective methylenation of ketone in the presence of epoxide by Nysted reagent and Ti(OiPr)2Cl2 was developed. Finally, (-)-ent-plakortolide I and seco-plakortolide E were synthesised by intramolecular Michael addition of hydroperoxide to double bond of the butenolide moiety
22

Couplage en liquide ionique pour l'accès à des molécules macrocycliques d'intérêt biologique / Coupling in ionic liquid of molecules with biological interest

Jebri, Khouloud 08 December 2016 (has links)
Le présent travail décrit l'utilisation des liquides ioniques comme solvant de réaction dans plusieurs types de couplage permettant la création de liaisons C-C, C-N et C-O. Dans un premier temps, ces solvants ont permis d'effectuer la synthèse des a-oxo gamma-thio-esters via la réaction de condensation de Mukaiyama de l'énoxysilane du pyruvate d'éthyle sur des thioacétals. Dans le cadre d'une stratégie de synthèse multi-étape en liquide ionique, la synthèse des produits de départ a été également menée à bien dans ces solvants. Ensuite, une application des liquides ioniques dans la chimie des peptides a été décrite. Une série de di- et tri-peptides formés essentiellement par des dérivés de la tyrosine a été obtenue avec de bons rendements dans ces milieux ioniques, en ayant recours à des agents de couplage modernes tels que HATU et BOP. Une réactivité différente a été observée dans les liquides ioniques comparée à celle dans les solvants moléculaires classiques. Des sels de cuivre (I) et (II) ont été utilisés pour catalyser la réaction de couplage diaryl éther intermoléculaire dans les liquides ioniques, à partir des dérivés de la tyrosine afin d'obtenir des motifs isodityrosines. Le couplage d'Ullmann n'a pas été efficace à cause de la présence de contraintes électroniques et stériques, tandis que le couplage de Chan-Lam s'est révélé plus intéressant et il a permis d'obtenir les motifs isodityrosines avec des rendements satisfaisants. De plus, celui-ci présente l'avantage d'utiliser des conditions opératoires plus douces. / This thesis describes our studies regarding the organic synthesis in ionic liquids allowing the creation of C-C, C-N and C-O bonds. We describe the synthetic approaches of alpha-oxo gamma-thio-esters via the Mukayaima condensation of the enoxysilane of ethyl pyruvate on thioacetals. In the context of a multi-step synthesis strategy in ionic liquid, the synthesis of the starting materials was also carried out in these solvents. We also present an application of ionic liquids in peptide chemistry: cyclopeptides containing biaryl and biaryl ether linkages. These compounds have attracted considerable interest due to the significant biological activities that most of them exhibit, including antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. We describe the synthetic approaches of macrocyclic peptides from tyrosine derivatives in ionic liquids. Two main strategies are investigated for the synthesis of macromolecules, peptidic coupling from tyrosine derivatives followed by formation of the biaryl ether bridge as key step and macrolactamization of the preformed biaryl ether, using modern coupling agents such as HATU and BOP. A different reactivity was observed in ionic liquids compared to that in conventional molecular solvents. Copper (I) and (II) salts have been used to catalyze the intermolecular diaryl ether coupling reaction in ionic liquids from tyrosine derivatives to obtain isodityrosine units. Ullmann coupling was not effective due to the presence of electronic and steric constraints, while the Chan-Lam coupling proved to be more advantageous and allowed the formation the isodityrosine units with satisfactory yields . In addition, the Chan-Lam has the advantage of using milder operating conditions.
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23

Application of the silicon-directed annulation reactions to the total synthesis of natural products & studies directed toward the total synthesis of leiodolide A: preparation of the C13-C29 fragment

Lee, Jihoon 22 January 2016 (has links)
Brevisamide was isolated from the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis in 2007. Key features of brevisamide include a substituted tetrahydropyran core and conjugated 3,4-dimethylhepta-2,4-dienal side chain. Total synthesis of brevisamide was highlighted by a stereoselective [4+2]-annulation of a (Z)-crotyl silane to furnish the substituted pyran core and Negishi cross-coupling to construct the conjugated dienal side chain. Successful application of the silane-based annulation methodology provided brevisamide in overall 17 steps and 6.4% overall yield from the known (Z)-crotyl silane. Isatisine A was isolated from the leaf and roots of Isatis indigotica in 2007. Total synthesis of isatisine A commenced with the development of a silyl-directed Mukaiyama-type [3+2]-annulation of an ethoxy allylsilane to construct a tetrahydrofuran core. [3+2]-Annulation reaction of an ethoxy allyl silane with 2-bromocinnamylaldehyde afforded the furan core as a single diastereomer. Further substrate-controlled indole addition and intramolecular copper(I)-mediated amidation provided (+)-isatisine A in overall 12 steps. One-pot Diels-Alder/annulation sequence was developed utilizing a silane-substituted 1,3-diene to give a fused-cyclic scaffold. In this reaction sequence, initial Lewis-acid-promoted Diels-Alder reaction between the silyl-substituted diene and a naphthoquinone constructed an intermediate cyclic allylsilane, and subsequent addition of aldehyde and Lewis acid triggered the annulation to construct a complex cyclic compound with high diastereoselectivity. This one-pot three component reaction sequence allowed for a simple access to various fused-polycyclic compounds, which bear a tetrahydropyran core. Leiodolide A was isolated from the deep-water marine sponge Leiodermatium. Leiodolide A was found to be significantly cytotoxic against HCT-116 human colon carcinoma with IC50 values = 1.4 ug/mL (2.5 uM). Since the natural product leiodolide A was found to comprise less than 0.001% of the dry weight of the sponge, establishing an efficient synthetic method to provide a significant amount of the natural product would be valuable to further biological studies. Our effort to synthesized upper fragment of leiodolide A was conducted through a series of cross-coupling reactions involving Stille coupling. Although proper conditions for the oxidation of (Z)-olefin to introduce the contiguous C15-17 triol system in leiodolide A were not achieved, this synthetic pathway would be useful in the total synthesis of leiodolide A.
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24

Stereoselective Nucleophilic Additions to α-Amino Aldehydes: Application to Natural Product Synthesis

Restorp, Per January 2006 (has links)
This thesis deals with the development and application of new synthetic methodology for stereo- or regioselective construction of carbon-carbon bonds in organic synthesis. The first part of this thesis describes the development of a divergent protocol for stereoselective synthesis of chiral aminodiols by employing Mukaiyama aldol additions to syn- and anti-α-amino-β-silyloxy aldehydes. The stereoselectivity of the nucleophilic attack is governed by either chelation to the α-amino moiety or by nucleophilic attack in the Felkin-Anh sense. This study is also directed towards the elucidation of the factors that dictate aldehyde π-facial selectivity in substrate-controlled nucleophilic additions to these and similar systems. In the second part, a highly stereoselective [3 + 2]-annulation reaction of N-Ts-α-amino aldehydes and 1,3-bis(silyl)propenes for stereoselective construction of densely functionalized pyrrolidines is presented. In addition, this methodology is also implemented as a keystep in a synthetic approach towards the polyhydroxylated pyrrolidine and pyrrolizidine alkaloids DGDP and (+)-alexine from a common late pyrrolidine intermediate. Finally, a divergent protocol for regioselective opening of vinyl epoxides using alkyne nucleophiles is described, in which the regioselectivity of the nucleophilic attack is controlled by the choice of reaction conditions. The regioselectivities of the SN2 and SN2’ processes are, however, significantly influenced by the nature of the alkyne substituents and the best results are obtained using ethoxyacetylene. The SN2 opening of vinyl epoxides with ethoxyacetylene as nucleophile is also shown to provide a straightforward entry to functionalized γ-butyrolactones. / QC 20100917
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25

New Diazo Reagents and Applications of β-Lactones for Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Natural Products

Chamni, Supakarn 2011 December 1900 (has links)
Natural products are essential tools for basic cellular studies leading to the identification of medically relevant protein targets and the discovery of potential therapeutic agents. We have developed a set of second generation diazo reagents with small steric footprints, namely an alpha-trifluoroethyl (HTFB) diazo reagent, for simultaneous arming and SAR studies of bioactive natural products. The Rh(II)-catalyzed O-H insertions of several alcohol-containing natural products, including the potent translation inhibitor lactimidomycin, are investigated and useful reactivity and both chemo- and site- (chemosite) selectivities are observed. The alpha-trifluoroethyl diazo reagents (HTFB) shows clear differences in the IL-2 reporter assay with FK506 derivatives and provides greater retention of biological activity in a hMetAP2 proliferation assay of fumagillol derivatives compared to the first generation pbromophenyl diazo reagent (HBPA). The synthetic utilities of the new alpha-trifluoroethyl diazo reagent (HTFB) provide a great new tool for basic cellular studies facilitating the discovery of new drug candidates for human disease. Furthermore, we are interested in methodologies for beta-lactone synthesis and transformations. In this study, we demonstrated synthetic versatilities of beta-lactones for the synthesis of beta-lactam congeners of orlistat as fatty acid synthase inhibitors via SnCl4- promoted tandem Mukaiyama aldol-lactonization (TMAL) reaction and a one-pot, mild conversion of beta-lactones to beta-lactams. The inhibitory activities of the derived beta-lactam derivatives are determined in a biochemical fluorogenic assay using recombinant FASTE, and the micro-molar range FAS-TE inhibitory activities were observed. Additionally, we pursued synthetic studies toward the total synthesis of spongiolactone, which is a unique beta-lactone-containing marine diterpenoid, isolated from the marine sponge Spongionella gracilis. This natural product bears a unique tricyclic beta-lactone core possessing four contiguous stereogenic centers and an additional stereogenic quaternary carbon on a cyclohexyl appendage. We completed the total synthesis of 6,15-bis-epi-spongiolactone by employing an intramolecular nucleophilecatalyzed aldol-lactonization (NCAL) process as the key step to construct the fused tricyclic beta-lactone core. Importantly, we developed a double diastereoselective and, for the first time, a kinetic resolution via the NCAL process that enables an enantioselective strategy to the tricyclic beta-lactone core of (+)-spongiolactone.
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26

Synthèse diastétéosélective de motifs 4-amino-3-hydroxy-2-méthylpentanoate de méthyle via une séquence impliquant une aldolisation de Mukaiyama et une réduction radicalaire à partir de dérivés d'acides [alpha]-aminés

Trinh, Nguyen Thu Thao January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
27

Stereoselective Nucleophilic Additions to Aldehydes and Synthesis of α-Amino-β- Hydroxy-Esters

Danielsson, Jakob January 2012 (has links)
This thesis deals with the development of new reaction methodology as well as stereochemical investigations. The first part concerns the investigation of 1,2- and merged 1,2- and 1,3- asymmetric induction in Mukaiyama aldol additions to α-heteroatom and α,β- heteroatom substituted aldehydes respectively. In particular, the unexpected 1,2-syn selectivity obtained in the addition of sterically hindered nucleophiles to α-chloroaldehydes is examined, and an explanation for the observed stereochemical trends is proposed. The second part describes the development of a novel entry to α-amino-β- hydroxy esters by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of aldehydes and azomethine ylides, generated by thermolysis of aziridines. The third part deals with our efforts to develop a novel entry to vicinal all- carbon quaternary centers, based on an intramolecular domino Heck- carbonylation reaction using tetrasubstituted olefins. / QC 20120611
28

Tailoring complex heterogeneous metal-organic framework structures / Développement de structures complexes à base de solides hybrides poreux

Yadnum, Sudarat 02 December 2014 (has links)
Dans cette thèse, de nouvelles stratégies pour la préparation de matériaux de type Metal-Organic-Frameworks (MOF) ont été étudiés et développés. L’électrodeposition bipolaire indirecte (IBED) a été utilisé pour préparer ZIF-8 et HKUST-1 sur des substrats métalliques de façon simple et avec une sélectivité spatiale. Ce concept devrait pouvoir être généralisée pour la synthèse de nombreux autres composés MOF, permettant ainsi une synthèse pas chère et verte, conduisant à de nouvelles générations de composites de type Janus basés sur des MOFs. En outre, des électrodes avec une structure hiérarchique macro-/ microporeux de HKUST-1 ont été préparées par une technique de dissolution-dépôt électrochimique. L'approche de synthèse mis au point est très pratique en ce qui concerne la durée des expériences, et ouvre diverses applications pour les MOFs. Enfin des nanoparticules de métaux nobles sur un substrat à base de MIL-101 ont été préparées comme la dernière partie de l'étude expérimentale par dépôt colloïdal. Ce concept peut être généralisé pour la synthèse d'autres composites nanoparticules métalliques / MOF, et pourrait améliorer l'activité catalytique des MOFs. En dehors de l'étude expérimentale, afin de comprendre mieux la catalyse de matériaux MOF, le comportement catalytique de Cu (II) dans le MOF-505 a été théoriquement étudié pour la réaction d'aldolisation Mukayiama par la théorie de densité fonctionnelle et comparé à celui d'un autre catalyseur, Cu-ZSM-5. En outre, le comportement catalytique d'amas homo- et hétéro-bimétalliques, qui sont des complexes métalliques qui représentent les agrégats métalliques dans les MOFs, a également été étudié théoriquement pour la réaction de cycloaddition de dioxyde de carbone et des oxydes d'éthylène. / In this thesis, new strategies for the preparation of Metal 0rganic Frameworks (MOF) materials with designed structures were studied and developed. Indirect bipolar electrodeposition (IBED) was used to prepare ZIF-8 and HKUST-1 on metal substrates in a straightforward and site-selective way. This concept is expected to be able to be generalized for the synthesis of many other MOF compounds, thus allowing a cheap and green synthesis, leading to new generations of MOF-based Janus-type composites. Furthermore, rationally designed hierarchical macro-/microporous HKUST-1 electrodes were prepared via an electrochemical dissolution-deposition technique. The developed synthesis approach is very practical in terms of the time consumption, and opens up MOFs for various applications. Finally, MIL-101-supported noble metal nanoparticles were prepared as the last part of the experimental studies via a simple colloidal deposition technique. This concept might be generalized for the synthesis of other metal nanoparticle/MOF composites, and might improve the catalytic activity of MOFs. Apart from the experimental study, in order to gain a deeper insight into the catalysis of MOF materials, the catalytic behavior of Cu(II) in the paddle-wheel unit of MOF-505 was theoretically investigated for the Mukaiyama aldol reaction via the density functional theory and compared to that of another catalyst, Cu-ZSM-5 zeolite. Besides, the catalytic behavior of homo-metallic clusters and hetero-bimetallic clusters, that are the metal complexes representing the metal clusters in MOFs, were also theoretically investigated for the cycloaddition reaction of carbon dioxide and ethylene oxides.
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29

Nouvelles classes d’iminosucres bicycliques : approche synthétique des squelettes 5-azaspiro[3.4]octane et 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane / New classes of bicyclic iminosugars : synthetic approach towards 5-azaspiro[3.4]octane and 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane scaffolds

Hensienne, Raphaël 14 December 2016 (has links)
Des études antérieures conduites par notre groupe ont permis d’identifier l’α-1-C-nonyl-1,5-didésoxy-1,5-imino-D-xylitol en tant que puissant inhibiteur de la β-glucocérébrosidase – enzyme impliquée dans la maladie de Gaucher. La conformation inhabituelle (chaise inversée) de ce composé nous a incités à étudier plus avant la relation entre conformation et activité biologique des iminosucres. L’objectif de ces travaux de thèse consistait ainsi en la synthèse d’analogues conformationnellement contraints d’iminosucres. Dans un premier temps, trois spiro-iminosucres basés sur un squelette 5-azaspiro[3.4]octane ont été obtenus via une séquence comportant trois étapes clés : formation du cyclobutane par cyclisation radicalaire, introduction de l’azote par C-H amination et formation de la pyrrolidine par métathèse. Dans un second temps, une séquence a été développée pour la synthèse stéréodivergente d’iminosucres bicycliques accolés basés sur un squelette 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane via l’enchaînement de deux étapes clés : formation de la structure azabicyclique par aldolisation de type Mukaiyama puis oxydation de la cétone résultante en énone. / Previous studies performed by our group led to the identification of α-1-C-nonyl-1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino-D-xylitol as a powerful inhibitor of β-glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme involved in Gaucher disease. This compound’s unusual (inverted chair) conformation prompted us to further study the relationship between iminosugars’ conformation and biological activity. The aim of this PhD work was thus the synthesis of conformationally restricted iminosugar analogues. Firstly, three spiro-iminosugars based on a 5-azaspiro[3.4]octane scaffold were synthesized through a sequence including three key steps: cyclobutane formation by way of radical cyclisation, nitrogen introduction by mean of C-H amination and pyrrolidine formation by way ofmetathesis. Secondly, we developed a sequence dedicated to the stereodivergent synthesis of fused bicyclic iminosugars based on a 6-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane scaffold through a succession of two key steps: azabicyclic scaffold formation by mean of Mukaiyama aldol reaction followed by ketone to enone oxidation.
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30

Etudes sur la synthèse du coeur spiroimine de la (–)-gymnodimine A et réaction d'addition asymétrique de silyloxyfuranes sur des accepteurs de Michael cycliques / Toward the synthesis of the spiroimine core of (-)-gymnodimine A and enantioselective addition of silyoxyfurans to cyclic Michael acceptors

Jusseau, Xavier 28 November 2013 (has links)
Les gymnodimines, les spirolides, les pinnatoxines et les ptériatoxines constituent une famille de toxines d’origine marine de structures complexes, produites en faibles quantités par des microorganismes marins appelés dinoflagellés. Ces toxines sont connues pour bloquer les récepteurs nicotiniques de l’acétylcholine (nAChRs) sans que leur mode d’action ne soit connu avec précision. D’après les différents tests biologiques réalisés à ce jour, il semblerait que le motif spiroimine, commun à toutes ces molécules, soit essentiel pour l’activité antagoniste. Un accès rapide à ce motif spiroimine ainsi qu’à de plus grandes quantités du produit naturel permettraient une meilleure compréhension du mode d’action de cette famille de toxines. Le travail réalisé au cours de cette thèse s’est d’une part focalisé sur la synthèse de ce coeur spiroimine de la (–)-gymnodimine A et d’autres part tourné vers le développement d’une nouvelle méthodologie d’additon énantiosélective de silyloxyfuranes sur des accepteurs de Michael cycliques. Dans un premier temps, la mise en place de la chaîne latérale de la (–)-gymnodimine A en position C7 en α du carbone quaternaire a été explorée par plusieurs approches diastéréocontrolées. C’est finalement l’utilisation de la réaction de Michael entre un organocuprate et une énone possédant le centre quaternaire en position C22 en présence de TMSCl qui a permis d’introduire un nucléophile avec la diastéréosélectivité désirée. Un précurseur du cœur spiroimne hautement fonctionalisé a alors été préparé avec une diastéréoselctivté de 83/17. Dans un second temps, un travail méthodologique nous a également permis de développer pour la première fois une version énantiosélective de la réaction de Mukaiyama-Michael vinylogue entre un silyloxyfurane et un accepteur de Michael cyclique. C’est l’utilisation d’un complexe de cuivre-(II) avec l’iso-propyl bis(oxazoline) qui s’est révélée être le système le plus performant pour accéder aux buténolides. En l’occurrence, nous avons testé la méthode avec un évantail de β-cétoesters α,β-insaturés cycliques aboutissant aux adduits de Michael avec une diastéréosélectivité totale et de bonnes énantiosélectivités pouvant aller jusqu’à 96%. Nous avons également proposé un état de transition de type Diels-Alder avec une approche exo du silyloxyfurane afin de rationnaliser les énantiosélectivités observées. / Gymnodimines, spirolides, pinnatoxines and pteriatoxines constitute a family of marine toxins with complex structures. They are produced in small amounts by marine microorganisms called dinoflagellates. These toxins are known to block the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), but the exact mode of action remains largely unknown. Biological tests have showed that the spiroimine moiety, the common feature of these molecules, is crucial for antagonist activity. A rapid access to this spiroimine core and to larger amount of this natural product could lead to a better understanding of the mode of action of this toxin family. This Ph.D. work has been focused on the synthesis of the spiroimine core of (–)-gymnodimine A, and on to the development of new methodology in order to add enanstioselectively silyloxyfurans to cyclic Michael acceptors. In the first part, the insertion of the side chain of (–)-gymnodimine A in poistion C7 next to the quaternary carbon has been explored by several diastereoselctive approaches. We found out that the use of the Michael addition of an organocopper reagent in the presence of TMSCl on an enone bearing the quaternary center at C22 positon was the only way to reach the expected diastereomer. Thus we obtained a key intermediaite with an interesting 83/17 diastereoselctivity for the synthesis of the spiroimine core of (–)-gymnodimine A. In a second time, a methological work allowed us to develop the first enantioselective vinyloguous Mukaiyama-Michael reaction between a silyloxyfuran and a cyclic Michael acceptor. The expected butenolide could be obtained with excellent diastereoselcetivity and good enantioselectivtities up to 96% by using iso-propyl bis(oxazoline) copper-(II) complex. This method proved to be relevant with various cyclic α,β-unsaturated β-ketoesters. Moreover, we proposed a Diels-Alder type transition state with an exo approach of the silyloxyfuran in order to rationalise the asymmetric induction.
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