A building in the heart of Newtown, Johannesburg that incorporates a mix of uses appropriate to its context. / Dissertation (MArch (Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Architecture / unrestricted

L’ingénierie tissulaire vise à régénérer des organes ou des tissus lésés. Ainsi, les gels de fibrine sont largement utilisés pour la reconstruction de différents tissus. Cependant, à concentration physiologique, ils ne peuvent pas être manipulés. Pour améliorer leurs propriétés mécaniques, ils peuvent être combinés dans une architecture de Réseaux Interpénétrés de Polymères (RIP) à un réseau de polymère synthétique (PVA ou POE). Ces RIPs peuvent être rendus biodégradables en copolymérisant d’albumine bovine de sérum modifiée par des groupements méthacrylate (BSAm) avec le partenaire synthétique.Selon leurs compositions, ces matériaux peuvent être complètement dégradés ou fragmentés après quelques jours en présence de thermolysine, une enzyme protéolytique. Ces cinétiques de dégradation de ces RIPs ont été étudiées en suivant le relargage des fragments protéiques hors du matériau, d’une part, et la diminution de leurs propriétés viscoélastiques, d’autre part. Leur biocompatibilité a été vérifiée : des fibroblastes cultivés à leur surface présentent une viabilité supérieure à 90% après 5 semaines de culture et leur prolifération est suivie de la synthèse de macromolécules de la Matrice Extracellulaire.Afin de leur ajouter une action bactéricide et d’augmenter encore leur résistance mécanique, des sels d’ammonium ont également été incorporés à certains de ces RIPs. Enfin, la synthèse de tels RIP a été mise au point à partir de plasma sanguin. Les éventuels phénomènes de rejet lors de leur intégration au sein du corps devraient ainsi être limités. De plus, le plasma sanguin contenant un grand nombre de facteurs de croissance et de molécules bioactives, la réparation tissulaire devrait ainsi être améliorée. / Tissue engineering aims to regenerate deficient tissues and organs. Fibrin gels are widely used for the reconstruction of various tissues. However, at physiological concentration, they can’t be handled. To improve their mechanical properties, they can be combined with a synthetic polymeric network (PVA or PEO) in an Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) architecture. These IPN can be made biodegradable by crosslinking the Bovine Serum Albumin modified by methacrylate groups (BSAm) with the synthetic partner.Depending on the composition, these materials can be fully degraded or fragmented after several days of incubation with thermolysin, a proteolytic enzyme. The degradation kinetics of these hydrogels were studied by following the release of proteic fragments from the material and by the loss of viscoelastic properties. The biocompatibility was also verified: fibroblasts cultivated on the surface show a viability of over 90% after 5 weeks of culture and the proliferation is followed by the synthesis of Extracellular Matrix macromolecules.To add a bactericide property, and to increase their mechanical resistance, ammonium salts were incorporated in those IPN. Lastly, the synthesis of these IPN were adapted, starting from whole blood plasma. Rejection phenomena upon implantation should thus be hindered. Moreover, blood plasma contains a wide variety of growth factors and bioactive molecules, which should improve tissue regeneration.

The main goal of thesis is to analyze the financial performance of multifunctional sports arena in Pardubice (MFA) with emphasis on variability using a multifunctional sports arena. The theoretical part is drawing on the findings that relate to the issue, mainly from the demand characteristics of sport and its determinants. Further attention is paid to the history, development of sports infrastructure with emphasis on multifunctional arena. Mentioned is the structure of income and types of investors sporting infrastructure. The practical part is characterized by multi-service arena Pardubice MRFP, Inc. and its partial results for the period 2006-2010. Another chapter is devoted to evaluate the usability arena. Are then discussed in detail the various cultural events in own-account operators MFA. In conclusion, it offered a comparison between the halls and across the whole country. The following is the summary of the identified findings and suggestions for improvements and future developments in the use of MFA in Pardubice.

Recently, there has been a significant growth in the use of composites in sectors such as automotive, aerospace and wind energy. Composites are traditionally designed for mechanical performance in terms of strength, stiffness and impact energy absorption; however multifunctionality has become the focus of researchers and designers in recent years. Multifunctional design of composites involve adding functionality such as thermal management, radiation shielding, stealth, structural health monitoring and energy storage at material level rather than adding discrete components afterwards. The aim of the current research is to incorporate multi-functionality at tow-scale both as a processing aid during manufacture and adding additional functionality during subsequent processing. Various laboratory scale machines were developed as a part of this study to identify the ideal way to spread and incorporate metallic materials into the carbon fibre tows, thereby making them multifunctional. Manufacturing processes such as co-mingling of micro-fibres, coating with metallic powder and screen printing of metallic grid lines have been developed in this work. One of the objective of this thesis is to metallise carbon tow in order to use it in conjunction with magnetic tooling, as part of the chopped fibre preforming process developed by the University of Nottingham and Bentley Motors. The performance of the metallised tow has been evaluated using characterisation tests such as magnetic pull force test, bending rigidity test etc. Finite element models have been developed to verify the experimental results of magnetic pull force and bending properties. As observed during the research, the bending properties of the carbon tow were found to influence the accuracy of the finite element modelling significantly. Study into the bending properties of the carbon fibre and Multifunctional carbon tow using two different principles such as carbon tow bending under own weight and bending due to the application of an external force were carried out. In each case the governing mathematical models were also derived.

Humanity is facing challenges of sustainably producing enough food for a growing population without further eroding the world’s ecosystems. Transformation of natural habitats into agriculture has resulted in opportunities for civilization, but has also led to land degradation and loss of biodiversity, threatening the generation of ecosystem services. A better understanding of interlinkages and trade-offs among ecosystem services, and the spatial scales at which services are generated, used and interact, is needed in order to successfully inform land use policies. This includes the need to develop transdisciplinary tools that can disentangle the relationships between the supply of and demand for ecosystem services. This thesis investigates agricultural landscapes as complex social-ecological systems, and uses a multi-method approach to assess ecosystem service generation from different types of agricultural landscapes and to examine the social-ecological nature of these services. More specifically, the thesis discusses the importance of appropriate spatial scales, explores landscape change, integrates stakeholder knowledge and develops tools to investigate supply and demand of multiple ecosystem services.  Paper I reviews the literature on ecosystem service mapping, revealing that services were mostly mapped at intermediate spatial scales (municipality and province), and rarely at local scales (farm/village). Although most of the reviewed studies used a resolution of 1 hectare or less, more case-specific local scale mapping is required to unravel the fine-scale dynamics of ecosystem service generation that are needed to inform landscape planning. To explore future uncertainties and identify relevant ecosystem services in a study area, paper II builds alternative scenarios using participatory scenario planning in the Upper Thukela region, South Africa. The paper compares methods to select services for an ecosystem service assessment showing that scenario planning added limited value for identifying ecosystem services, although it improved knowledge of the study area and availed useful discussions with stakeholders. Papers III and IV combines social and biophysical data to study the supply and demand of ecosystem services at farm- and landscape level, through participatory mapping and expert assessments in the Upper Thukela region, South Africa (paper III), and through in-depth interviews and biophysical surveys in Uppsala County, Sweden (paper IV), including small-scale and large-scale farmers. Both papers find apparent differences between the farmer groups in terms of the supply and the demand of services, and also the capacity of the farmers to influence the generation of services (paper III). Paper IV further establishes the importance of using multiple indicators combining social and biophysical data to quantify and investigate the complex social-ecological nature of ecosystem services. A cross-case comparison of ecosystem service bundles, using data from papers III and IV, finds similarities in bundles generated in the large-scale systems, while the small-scale agriculture bundles varied. This thesis provides new insights into the social-ecological generation of ecosystem services at fine scales such as farm and landscape levels, and shows the importance of including the knowledge of various stakeholders, combining different methods and tools to increase the understanding of supply and demand of ecosystem services. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript.</p>

abstract: Single-layer pentagonal materials have received limited attention compared with their counterparts with hexagonal structures. They are two-dimensional (2D) materials with pentagonal structures, that exhibit novel electronic, optical, or magnetic properties. There are 15 types of pentagonal tessellations which allow plenty of options for constructing 2D pentagonal lattices. Few of them have been explored theoretically or experimentally. Studying this new type of 2D materials with density functional theory (DFT) will inspire the discovery of new 2D materials and open up applications of these materials in electronic and magnetic devices.In this dissertation, DFT is applied to discover novel 2D materials with pentagonal structures. Firstly, I examine the possibility of forming a 2D nanosheet with the vertices of type 15 pentagons occupied by boron, silicon, phosphorous, sulfur, gallium, germanium or tin atoms. I obtain different rearranged structures such as a single-layer gallium sheet with triangular patterns. Then the exploration expands to other 14 types of pentagons, leading to the discoveries of carbon nanosheets with Cairo tessellation (type 2/4 pentagons) and other patterns. The resulting 2D structures exhibit diverse electrical properties. Then I reveal the hidden Cairo tessellations in the pyrite structures and discover a family of planar 2D materials (such as PtP2), with a chemical formula of AB2 and space group pa ̄3. The combination of DFT and geometries opens up a novel route for the discovery of new 2D materials. Following this path, a series of 2D pentagonal materials such as 2D CoS2 are revealed with promising electronic and magnetic applications. Specifically, the DFT calculations show that CoS2 is an antiferromagnetic semiconductor with a band gap of 2.24 eV, and a N ́eel temperature of about 20 K. In order to enhance the superexchange interactions between the ions in this binary compound, I explore the ternary 2D pentagonal material CoAsS, that lacks the inversion symmetry. I find out CoAsS exhibits a higher Curie temperature of 95 K and a sizable piezoelectricity (d11=-3.52 pm/V). In addition to CoAsS, 34 ternary 2D pentagonal materials are discovered, among which I focus on FeAsS, that is a semiconductor showing strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy and sizable Berry curvature. Its magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy is 440 μeV/Fe ion, higher than many other 2D magnets that have been found. Overall, this work not only provides insights into the structure-property relationship of 2D pentagonal materials and opens up a new route of studying 2D materials by combining geometry and computational materials science, but also shows the potential applications of 2D pentagonal materials in electronic and magnetic devices. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Materials Science and Engineering 2020

This thesis analyze the conception of the sport centre in Brno za Lužánkami. The area has a very extensive sport history, which dates back to 1922. Nowadays this topic has been very discussed because of the hockey and football history in the place of Lužánky. Hockey and football teams were forced to abandon Lužánky as a consequence of decrepitude and very bad technical aspects of the buildings. The diploma thesis deals with the new concept of the entire area where the professional and leisure sport activities will take place. The extensive architectural study of the multifunctional hockey stadium resolves the location of the object on the same place as the previous stadium. It put emphasis on the generous scattering area around the stadium, easy navigation and placement of the entrances from all around the object. The multifunctional usage of the stadium is solved by the telescopic grandstand and it offers the standard capacity of 10 500 spectators at a hockey match and up to 14 300 spectators at a concert event. The main expression element of the exterior of the stadium are the facade lamellas. They accentuate the ground floor with their dynamic placing and clearly indicate the main entrances to the object. In the night the glasses lamellas are shined by the integrated LED lights and enable to switch endless different faces of the stadium according by the current occasion.

The theme of diploma thesis is processing of the design new multifunctional residential building in Prague. The house has four floors is partly basement. The building is operationally divided into three separate parts. Predominant part of the building is intended for housing, other parts of the establishment is a patisserie and last automatic garage The house is designed of the construction systém Porotherm. The pitched roof is double layer with a wood-steel structure.

The aim of the thesis is processing of project doccumentation for execution of mixed use building. The building will be situated in Bystřice nad Pernštejnem, in the Lužánky street.The building will be divided into two doctor´s surgeries, offices and three dwelling units. The building is designed as a detached house without cellar and with three above ground floors. Residential part consists of three dwelling units 2+kk, 3+kk and 4+1. Part of the residential unit is also a space for storage of bicycles in the first floor. Non residential space contatins a place for doctor´s surgeries and administrative part consists of offices, conference rooms, storages and toilets. Main enterances to the building are located in the fist above floor. There are 22 parking places and 2 parking places for the handicapped people. The building is based on concrete strip foundation. External loadbearing structures are from clay masonry. Floor structure is made of prestressed concrete floor slab. There is a warm flat roof, there arecast-in-place reinforced concrete staircase. While the elaboration I placed a great emphasis on a propriate layout design, technical and architectural design and a safe using of the bulidng. Drawing is done in AutoCAD programme.

The subject of this thesis is design of multifunctional building and than its solution in terms of thermal technology and usage of PUR foam board system. This building will be situated in cadastre unit of town Albrechtice nad Orlicí (600172) on building estate No. 109/1 on the Štěpánovská street. In terms of construction, this is five-storey building with basement and rooms for commerce and services, which is solved as two-way wall system. The building is based on strip foundation and is protected by warm flat extensive green roof. In the basement there are cellars and technical rooms. On the first floor there are rooms for commerce and services and individual flat for handicapped person on wheelchair. From second to fifth floor, there are situated individual flats.