Neste trabalho, foi realizado um estudo da obtenção de nanomateriais luminomagnéticos visando potenciais aplicações biológicas, a partir de dois diferentes tipos de estruturas, sendo elas: a formação de heteronanoestruturas luminomagnéticas de NPM de FePt/Fe3O4-CdSe recobertas com sílica; e a formação de nanomateriais luminomagnéticos por ligação covalente entre NPM de FePt/Fe3O4-Dopa-PIMA-PEG-NH2 e pontos quânticos de CdSe/ZnS-LA-PEG-COOH. Para o primeiro tipo de nanomaterial citado, foram testadas duas metodologias para obtenção das heteronanoestruturas: a mudança da estabilidade coloidal pela adição de pequenas quantidades de NaCl no meio contendo as NPM e os pontos quânticos previamente sintetizados; e o método de injeção a quente do precursor de selênio em um meio contendo as NPM como sementes, o precursor de cádmio e os agentes de superfície. O método de injeção a quente foi o que apresentou melhores condições para a formação das heteronanoestruturas. Para providenciar estabilidade coloidal em meio aquoso e superfície com biocompatibilidade, foi realizado o recobrimento com sílica na superfície das heteronanoestruturas luminomagnéticas com melhores condições. Para essa amostra, o tamanho médio obtido foi de 25,0 nm, com polidispersividade de 8,4 %, Ms = 11,1 emu.g-1 e comportamento superparamagnético, além de duas bandas de emissão (com excitação de 400 nm) centradas em 452 nm e 472 nm, respectivamente. Já para o segundo tipo de nanomaterial obtido neste trabalho, foram primeiramente obtidas NPM de FePt/Fe3O4 pelo método do poliol modificado acoplado à metodologia do crescimento, e pontos quânticos luminescentes de CdSe/ZnS pelo método de decomposição térmica de precursores organometálicos, sendo que ambas nanoestruturas apresentaram superfície hidrofóbica. Para a troca de ligantes para transferência das nanoestruturas para a fase aquosa e para providenciar biocompatibilidade visando aplicações biológicas, foram previamente preparados ligantes poliméricos de Dopa-PIMA-PEG-NH2 para recobrimento das NPM e de LA-PEG-COOH para recobrimento dos pontos quânticos. A conjugação química entre as nanoestruturas de FePt/Fe3O4-Dopa-PIMA-PEG-NH2 e CdSe/ZnS-LA-PEG-COOH foi realizada pelo método da carbodiimida em solução aquosa para a formação de uma ligação covalente amida entre os grupos amina e carboxilato em cada uma das nanoestruturas. Os nanomateriais luminomagnéticos obtidos apresentaram estabilidade coloidal em meio aquoso, com estreita distribuição de tamanho, apresentando RH de 79,96 nm, Ms de, aproximadamente, 10 emu.g-1 com coercividade e remanência quase nulos e intensa banda de emissão centrada em 580 nm. Espera-se que os nanomateriais obtidos neste trabalho possam ser promissores nanomateriais com propriedades multifuncionais para potenciais aplicações biológicas. / Here, luminomagnetic nanomaterials were obtained for potential biological applications. We have studied two different types of luminomagnetic nanomaterials, which are: formation of silica-coated FePt/Fe3O4-CdSe heteronanostructures; and formation of luminomagnetic nanomaterials from covalent bond between FePt/Fe3O4-Dopa-PIMA-PEG-NH2 magnetic nanoparticles and CdSe/ZnS-LA-PEG-COOH luminescent quantum dots. For the first type of luminomagnetic nanomaterials obtained, two methodologies were studied for formation of heteronanostructures, which are: modification of colloidal stability by addition of small amounts of NaCl into a solution with hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles and luminescent quantum dots; and hot injection method of selenium precursor into a solution with magnetic nanoparticles seeds, cadmium precursors and surface agents. The hot injection method obtained better results than the other method studied for formation of heteronanostructures. To provide colloidal stability in aqueous solution and biocompatibility, the heteronanostructures were coated using silica shell. After silica coating, the heteronanostructures showed average diameter of 25 nm and polidispersivity of 8.4%, with Ms = 11.1 emu.g-1 and superparamagnetic behavior. Moreover, these nanomaterials showed two emission peaks centered at 452 and 472 nm. For the second type of nanomaterials obtained, FePt/Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by modified polyol method coupled to seeded-mediated growth, and CdSe/ZnS luminescent quantum dots were obtained by thermal decomposition of organometallic precursors. For the ligand exchange to transfer the nanostructures from organic media to aqueous solution, were used Dopa-PIMA-PEG-NH2 and LA-PEG-COOH polymers to provide colloidal stability and biocompatibility on magnetic nanoparticle surface and quantum dot surface, respectively. The chemical conjugation between FePt/Fe3O4-Dopa-PIMA-PEG-NH2 and CdSe/ZnS-LA-PEG-COOH nanostructures was obtained by EDC coupling in aqueous solution, which linked amine and carboxylate groups in each nanostructure to provide the formation of amide bond. The luminomagnetic nanomaterials obtained showed colloidal stability in aqueous solution, narrow size distribution, with RH equal to 79.96 nm, MS around 10 emu.g-1 with low coercivity and remanent magnetization, and intense emission peak centered at 580 nm. We expect these luminomagnetic nanomaterials be promisor nanomaterials with multifunctional properties for potential biological applications.

La spintronique multifonctionnelle est une nouvelle direction d'avancement pour aller au-delà des limites de l'électronique moderne. Il vise à développer des dispositifs qui seraient sensibles à plus d’un stimulus et/ou ont un signal multi-réponse. Dans cette thèse, nous explorons cette voie multifonctionnelle émergente en combinant l’électronique de spin et les systèmes organiques pour ouvrir la voie vers des dispositifs polyvalents. Nous étudions la formation d'une spinterface dans le système Co/manganèse-phthalocyanine. Nous proposons l'introduction de multifonctionnalités intrinsèques en utilisant des matériaux à transition de spin. Nous développons une nouvelle approche de fonctionnalisation pour ajuster leurs propriétés vers des applications. Nous proposons un contrôle fonctionnel externe sur une spinterface en utilisant un substrat multiferroïque. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, un insert polyvalent à température variable a été développé à la ligne de lumière DEIMOS du synchrotron SOLEIL. Nous démontrons comment il peut être utilisé pour sonder des atomes actifs dans n'importe quel dispositif électronique. / Multifunctional spintronics is a new direction of advancement beyond the limits of modern electronics. By combining elementary charge of an electron and its spin, it aims to develop devices which would be sensitive to more than one stimuli and/or have multiresponse signal. In this thesis, we explore the multifunctional potential emerging while combining spin electronic and organic systems to pave the way towards multipurpose devices. First, we study formation of a ferromagnetic/organic spinterface in Co/manganese-phthalocyanine system. We propose introduction of intrinsic multifunctionality by using spin crossover materials. We develop a novel functionalization approach for tuning their properties towards device applications. We propose an external functional control over any hybrid spinterface by using multiferroic substrate. In the framework of this thesis, a Versatile Variable Temperature Insert was developed at the DEIMOS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron. We demonstrate how it can be used to probe active atoms in any microelectronic device.

Elastin-like peptides (ELPs) are stimulus-responsive protein-based polymers which are attractive material for biomedical research due to their biocompatibility and unique properties. The physical properties of ELPs are dependent on the chain length and the chosen amino acid at the guest residue position. This imparts unlimited flexibility in designing ELP based biomaterials with the desired physical properties. We have shown that in addition to their physical properties, ELPs have biological activities that are conducive to tissue regeneration. Specifically, we found that ELPs induce fibroblast proliferation via cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG). Furthermore, our data suggests that ELP based materials with differential proliferative potential can be designed by controlling the interaction of ELPs with HSPGs by incorporating either hydrophobic or positively charged residues within the ELP sequence. Fibroblast proliferation is important for granulation tissue formation which is important in chronic wounds as well as in healing of other tissues. The customizable biological activity of ELPs coupled with their unique physical properties will enable us to design novel, sustainable and cost effective therapies for different tissue regeneration applications. ELPs can be genetically fused to biologically active peptides or proteins. These fusions can be expressed and readily purified since they maintain the phase transitioning property of the fused ELP domain. Moreover, depending on the ELP sequence chosen the chimeric fusion sequences can self-assemble into unique structures such as nanoparticles. These structures can then be applied to the injury site where they not only provide unique topographical cues or structural support but also act as delivery vehicles for the fused bioactive protein. We developed a multifunctional nanoparticle that is comprised of PMP-D2-ELP fusion protein and different functional peptide ELP fusion proteins to preserve the bioactivity of the functional group with the existence of elastase. These heterogeneous particles will be beneficial for the delivery of combination therapies to solve multiple problems that often existed in chronic wound healing or other tissue regeneration process. In summary, this study adds to our understanding of the biological activity of ELP and the interaction mechanism that allow the regulation of cellular behavior. Furthermore this work also investigated the potential therapeutic application of ELP as a delivery platform for chronic wound healing.

Antioxidants are widely used to protect organic materials from damages caused by autoxidation, an oxidation process that occurs under normal aerobic conditions. In this thesis, novel multifunctional organoselenium and organotellurium antioxidants were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in search for compounds with better radical-trapping capacity, regenerability, and hydroperoxide-decomposing ability. Selenium was incorporated into ebselenols and hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]selenophenes and tellurium into diaryl disulfides and aryltellurophenols. All newly developed antioxidants were evaluated in a chlorobenzene/water two-phase lipid peroxidation system containing suitable co-antioxidants in the aqueous phase. Ebselenol carrying a hydroxyl group (OH) ortho to selenium showed a two-fold longer inhibition time than the reference α-tocopherol in the presence of aqueous-phase ascorbic acid. 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]selenophenes carrying a 5- or 7-OH outperformed α-tocopherol both when it comes to radical-trapping capacity and regenerability. Alkyltellurothiophenols, in situ formed from their corresponding disulfides by tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine, were also efficient regenerable radical-trapping antioxidants. The consumption of N-acetylcysteine in the water phase was followed and found to be limiting for the duration of the inhibition. The hydroperoxide-decomposing ability of all organoselenium antioxidants was evaluated. Ebselenols were often better glutathione peroxidase mimics than the parent. In an effort to find out more about antioxidant mechanisms, aryltellurophenols carrying electron donating and electron withdrawing groups in the phenolic or aryltelluro parts were synthesized and OH bond dissociation enthalpies, BDEO-Hs, were calculated. Compounds carrying electron donating groups in the phenolic or aryltelluro part of the molecule showed the best radical-trapping capacity. Deuterium labelling experiments suggested that hydrogen atom transfer could be the rate-limiting step in the antioxidant mechanism.

The diploma thesis describes the influence of humid conditions on the curing of epoxy resins by multifunctional amines. The aim of the experimental part was the identification of degradation products and their quantification, as well as the determination of the influence of humid conditions on the degree of hardening, modulus of elasticity, and flexural strength. Another goal was to optimize the formulation of the reactive mixture for the preparation of epoxy resin with lower susceptibility to carbamate bloom. The degradation products were evaluated by determining the mechanical properties by bending test according to the standard ČSN EN 179-1. The degree of hardening was monitored through temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC). Degradation products were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and quantified by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The morphology of the surface layer was monitored by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The dependence of the relative humidity of the environment on the curing process of the epoxy resin and its resulting mechanical properties was determined. Based on the analyzes, a modification of the formulation for the suppression of spurious carbamate during the curing of the epoxy matrix was designed and experimentally verified.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to get acquainted with possibilities of realization of a multifunctional sensor for agricultural purposes. The theoretical work deals with the principles of measurement of environmental variables. Subsequently, sensors are selected which can measure the environmental variables. The thesis discusses the possibilities of wireless communication. Attention is paid to the communication modules of the DIGI® manufacturer. The main part describes the physical implementation of the multifunctional sensor. Here is a detailed breakdown of what components are selected for implementation with adherence to general implementation requirements. At the end of the work is described a program serving multifunctional sensor.

The final thesis designs an apartment building with terraces, bikeshop and underground garage. The building is situated in the city of Hradec Králové. Building has four floors and one underground floor. The main root area is designed as extensive green roof. The supporting system consists of a cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame with masonry of brick blocks. The whole building will be insulated by external thermal insulation composite system of mineral fibers. The building design meets the requirements for almost zero energy consumption houses.

The thesis deal a project documentation of a multifunctional building, which is a multi-purpose sports hall with facilities and penthouses. The object is designed as a three-storey, semi-basement in a slightly sloping terrain. The roof of the hall aisle truss and above the background is a saddle.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to elaborate a project documentation for a construction of a polyfunctional house in Trebic. The emphasis is placed on a procedure respecting valid standards and prescripts. The object is designed as a four-floor building without basement, the ground floor serving as a location for services (florist’s, hairdresser’s and a café) and technical facilities of the object. The remaining three floors contain 11 apartments. The house is built using the Heluz brick system, and has a flat, single-skin roof.

The work is focused on the construction of the multifunctional building in the atypical-shaped corner area on Burian Square in Brno. The house has four floors above the ground and one underground floor. The architectural design was created according to the requirements of the city-part authority - enlarge the city road and maximize the usability of the whole parcel.