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Exploring the tension between adherence and cultural fit when delivering Multsystemic Therapy in EnglandKiddy, Caitlin January 2014 (has links)
Multisystemic Therapy (MST) provides intensive short-term interventions for young people with antisocial behaviour and the systems that surround them. A wealth of research over the past 30 years has demonstrated the efficacy of MST. Its success has led to it being transported to many countries and this prompted investigations into the need for cultural adaptation. Despite these investigations highlighting the importance of tailoring MST to new countries, when MST was transported to England in 2001, it did not undergo a formal process of cultural tailoring. This study employed a qualitative approach using a Grounded Theory methodology to explore the assumption that all transported programmes require a level of adaptation and aimed to identify the processes and rationale behind informal ‘cultural tailoring' undertaken by therapists. It aimed to explore areas in MST that might benefit from ‘cultural tailoring' to improve the effectiveness of its implementation in England. Eight MST therapists from across three MST teams in England participated in semi-structured interviews. Analysis of the data generated a theoretical model of adherence: the Post Implementation Model of Adherence (PIMA). The PIMA model seeks to explain how therapists in England experience and manage adhering to MST. It proposes that MST therapists strive to adhere to all aspects of the MST model whilst ensuring that it is acceptable and workable for the families and systems they work with. The PIMA model comprised four theoretical codes: Facilitators to therapists staying faithful to the MST model; barriers to therapists implementing MST, overcoming barriers to implementing MST; and the therapist holding the tension. The findings highlight important cultural adjustments to improve MST's ‘fit' in England. Findings also extend Schoenwald's (2008) recommendations for successful transportation of MST, by drawing attention to how a lack of cultural tailoring can be overcome or experienced as stressful by therapists.
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Multisystemisk terapi och kontextuella dilemman : en kvalitativ studie av fyra teamledares erfarenheterJeansson, Ann-Louise January 2005 (has links)
<p>Studiens syfte är att belysa vad det kan innebära att arbeta efter en behandlingsmetod som är utarbetad i ett annat land och överföringen av MST från USA till Sverige exemplifierar detta. Frågeställningarna är: Vilka, för MST-arbetet, betydelsefulla skillnader finns det mellan USA och Sverige?, Hur har man löst de dilemman som uppstått på grund av skillnaderna?, Vad återstår att lösa?</p><p>Forskning som gjorts i USA och Norge visar på goda resultat, en studie i Kanada visar ingen skillnad mellan MST och andra insatser och en pågående studie finns i Sverige. Tidigare studier på MST har främst perspektiv på dess effektivitet, dels vad gäller förändrade beteenden, dels de samhällsekonomiska följderna. Någon större studie med fokus på kontextuella dilemman vid överföring av MST har inte hittats.</p><p>Denna studie har ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv och bygger på intervjuer med fyra MST-teamledare i Stockholm. Resultaten visar att MST arbetet i Sverige innebär vissa kontextuella dilemman, som oftast är möjliga att lösa på ett tillfredsställande sätt. De dilemman som är svårlösta är främst av samhällsstrukturell karaktär.</p>
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Multisystemisk terapi och kontextuella dilemman : en kvalitativ studie av fyra teamledares erfarenheterJeansson, Ann-Louise January 2005 (has links)
Studiens syfte är att belysa vad det kan innebära att arbeta efter en behandlingsmetod som är utarbetad i ett annat land och överföringen av MST från USA till Sverige exemplifierar detta. Frågeställningarna är: Vilka, för MST-arbetet, betydelsefulla skillnader finns det mellan USA och Sverige?, Hur har man löst de dilemman som uppstått på grund av skillnaderna?, Vad återstår att lösa? Forskning som gjorts i USA och Norge visar på goda resultat, en studie i Kanada visar ingen skillnad mellan MST och andra insatser och en pågående studie finns i Sverige. Tidigare studier på MST har främst perspektiv på dess effektivitet, dels vad gäller förändrade beteenden, dels de samhällsekonomiska följderna. Någon större studie med fokus på kontextuella dilemman vid överföring av MST har inte hittats. Denna studie har ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv och bygger på intervjuer med fyra MST-teamledare i Stockholm. Resultaten visar att MST arbetet i Sverige innebär vissa kontextuella dilemman, som oftast är möjliga att lösa på ett tillfredsställande sätt. De dilemman som är svårlösta är främst av samhällsstrukturell karaktär.
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Epidemilogical Studies of the Emerging Pig Disease Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS): The role of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2)Turner, Megan Jenny January 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Preventive methods aimed at siblings to criminal juveniles - a literature reviewPryssander, Lina January 2018 (has links)
Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt är att undersöka vilka förebyggande metoder och/eller modeller som finns för att bemöta syskon till grovt kriminella ungdomar. Studien syftar dessutom på att jämföra metodernas olika för- och nackdelar. Resultaten i denna studie är framtagna genom att använda databaserna Libsearch och ProQuest. Vald litteratur har lästs och analyserats upprepade gånger, och två teman valdes för att beskriva artiklarnas fokus, och koppling till studiens syfte och frågeställningar. Valda teman är 1) intervention metoder, och 2) fördelar med MST. Trots en bristande mängd forskning på området så pekar resultatet på att familjeterapin Multisystemisk Terapi (MST) är den dominerande metoden. Förutom fokus på den kriminella individen i MST så involveras syskonet och påverkas direkt, eller indirekt i MST. Till skillnad från individuell terapi (IT) där endast den kriminella ungdomen involveras så sjunker risken att syskonet börjar begå brott markant med MST. Forskningen inom detta område behöver utökas och metoder och arbetssätt går att förbättra. / The aim with this systematic literature review is to investigate the intervention methods and/or models available to deal with siblings for serious criminal youths. The study also aims to compare the methods pros and cons. The results are produced by using the databases Libsearch and ProQuest. Chosen literature has been read and analysed several times, and two themes was selected to describe the articles focus and connection to the study’s aim and research questions. The chosen themes are 1) intervention methods, and 2) advantages with MST. Despite a small amount of research in the field, the result indicates that the family therapy method Multisystemic Therapy (MST) is a dominant method in the field. Except only focusing on the criminal individual in MST, the sibling is involved and directly or indirectly affected. Unlike individual therapy (IT) involving only the criminal juvenile, the risk of the sibling beginning to commit crimes significantly decreases with MST. Research in this area needs to be expanded and methods and ways of working can be improved.
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Assessing the Effectiveness of Multisystemic Therapy: A Meta-AnalysisLux, Jennifer L. 03 June 2016 (has links)
No description available.
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Genetic Stability of a Genetically-Engineered Chimeric Porcine Circovirus (PCV) Vaccine, PCV1-2Gillespie, Jennifer Ann 04 June 2009 (has links)
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is the primary causative agent of porcine circovirus associated disease (PCVAD), an economically important swine disease that causes wasting in pigs 5-18 weeks of age. There exist two different types of porcine circoviruses: porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV1) was discovered as a contaminant of porcine kidney (PK-15) cells and was determined to be nonpathogenic in swine; whereas porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is pathogenic. A recently released vaccine for PCVAD was generated by inserting the gene encoding the immunogenic capsid protein of PCV2 into the genetic backbone of the non-pathogenic PCV1. This chimeric PCV vaccine, called PCV1-2, was shown to induce protective immunity against PCV2 infection in pigs. The vaccine is currently on the market in a killed form. In order to develop a live version of the vaccine, the genetic stability of the chimeric PCV1-2 vaccine virus was investigated by in vitro and in vivo passaging of the vaccine virus. In vitro passaging of the PCV1-2 vaccine virus was done in a porcine kidney PK-15 cell line. Cells were infected with the PCV1-2 vaccine virus and then serially passaged 11 times. The passaged vaccine viruses recovered from passages 5 and 11 were sequenced, and the sequences were compared to that of the original PCV1-2 vaccine virus. The in vitro serial passage result showed that no mutation occurred during the 11 in vitro passages. The in vivo passaging was done using specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs. In in vivo "passage 1", nine piglets were divided into 3 groups of 3 each: group 1 each inoculated with 200ug of PCV1-2 plasmid, group 2 each with 1Ã 103 TCID50 live PCV1-2 vaccine virus, and group 3 each with 3ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) buffer as a control. One pig from each group was necropsied at 14, 21, and 28 days post-inoculation (DPI), respectively. A panel of tissue samples including lymph nodes and thymus were collected from each pig. Tissue homogenates from DPI 28 that were positive by PCR for PCV1-2 DNA were used to inoculate new piglets in the in vivo passage 2 experiment. Viruses recovered from passage 2 pigs were subsequently used for inoculation in the in vivo passage 3 experiment. The PCV1-2 vaccine virus DNA from pigs in each passage was amplified and sequenced. The results of the in vivo serial passage experiment showed that, after 3 passages of the PCV1-2 vaccine virus in pigs, there were no new mutations in the viruses recovered from pigs. The PCV1-2 vaccine contained an introduced marker mutation at amino acid position number 79, which is in the capsid region. During the in vivo passaging of the vaccine virus in pigs, this marker mutation quickly reverted back to its original nucleotide. This marker back mutation occurred between DPI 21 and DPI 28 of passage 1 in the PCV1-2 live vaccine virus group, and between DPI 28 of passage 1 and DPI 14 of passage 2 in the PCV1-2 vaccine plasmid group, and remained stable throughout the reminder of the in vivo study. Based upon the results from this study, we conclude that the PCV1-2 chimeric vaccine virus is genetically stable in vitro and in pigs, and thus should serve as a good candidate for a live vaccine against PCV2. / Master of Science
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Empowerment i multisystemisk terapi- en kvalitativ studie av MST teamet i HalmstadBlakaj, Drilon, Rrmoku, Liridon January 2015 (has links)
The study was performed based on a qualitative method using a hermeneutical approach used to interpret the semi-structured interviews. The study aimed to investigate the Multisystemic therapy (MST) team in Halmstad municipality perceptions on the treatment method multisystemic therapy for youths from the ages of 12-18 years old.The questions were: Does the MST therapists experience that the MST is a method that leads to an improved situation for young people who receive the method? What do the MST therapists describe as opportunities and obstacles in the work with the method? The study builds on previous research on MST and empowerment based on MST. The study shows three therapists and an MST leader's experiences of the treatment and how it is aimed at influencing the parents and the youth for a change. From therapists statements it highlights how the MST method is designed for the young people’s motivation to change by means of the internal and external networks. The result shows that previous research shows a lot of criticism on the treatment in Sweden. It turns out that other interventions from the social services give the same results or even better. All therapists reported that they have seen changes in the families and that most families have been guided to a new way of thinking but that collaboration with other parties concerned should be better. It has been positive and negative sides to treatment from psychiatrist’s perspective and that it constantly going research on the method for behavior problems will be prevented effectively. When the youth was involved the treatment was more effective. The benefit of MST is that the treatment occurs multi systemically with the whole youths network but the risk of the treatment is that the youths network could disappear and that would lead to discontinuing treatment that may not help it to achieve empowerment. There are advantages and disadvantages to treatment, and it comes to that MST therapist to interpret the MST's principles as well as possible for parents and youth to strengthen and not being dependent on other treatment interventions. There has been an improvement on the MST treatment when MST Sweden was formed and got swedish consultants. The study's conclusions is that it is important to create opportunities for youth to participate in the treatment and obtain the youths opinions on why it does not work and how the networks will work with the youth to get it to evolve. To gain achievement, the MST team has to ignore the youths, age treat individuals according to their maturity, integrating family members as much as possible and get a good interaction between the therapists and families. / Studien är gjord utifrån en kvalitativ metod där en hermeneutisk ansats har använts för att tolka de semistrukturerade intervjuerna. Studiens syfte var att undersöka Multisystemisk terapi (MST) teamet i Halmstads kommuns uppfattningar på behandlingsmetoden multisystemisk terapi för ungdomarna i åldern 12-18 år. Frågeställningarna var: Upplever MST terapeuterna att MST är en metod som leder till en förbättrad situation för ungdomarna som får metoden? Vad beskriver MST terapeuterna att det finns för möjligheter och hinder i arbetet med metoden? Studien bygger på tidigare forskning om MST och förstärkning utifrån MST. I studien framkommer det tre terapeuters och en MST ledares upplevelser av behandlingen och hur den är riktad till att påverka föräldrarna och dens ungdom till en förändring. Från terapeuternas utsagor belyses det hur MST metoden är utformad till att ungdomarna motiveras till förändring med hjälp av det interna och externa nätverken. Resultatet visar att tidigare forskning framför mycket kritik på behandlingen i Sverige. Det visar sig att andra insatser som finns hos socialtjänsten ger samma resultat eller ännu bättre. Alla terapeuterna uttryckte att de har sett förändringar hos familjerna och att de flesta familjerna har vägletts till ett nytt sätt att tänka men att samarbetet med fler berörda parter bör bli bättre. Det har framkommit positiva och negativa sidor på behandlingen från terapeuternas perspektiv och att det ständigt pågår forskning på metoden för att beteendeproblemen ska förebyggas effektivare. När ungdomen var delaktig blev behandlingen effektivare. Fördelarna med MST är att behandlingen sker multisystemiskt med hela ungdomens nätverk men risken med behandlingen är att ungdomens nätverk kanske inte finns kvar när behandlingen avslutas som kan hjälpa den att stärkas. Det finns fördelar och nackdelar på behandlingen och det gäller att som MST terpeut att kunna tolka MST:s principer så bra som möjligt för att föräldrarna och ungdomen stärks och inte blir beroende av andra behandlingsinsatser. Det har skett en förbättring på MST behandlingen när MST Sverige bildades och fick svenska konsulter. Studiens slutsatser är att det är viktigt att skapa förutsättningar till att ungdomen blir delaktig i behandlingen och få fram dens åsikter på varför det inte fungerar och hur nätverken ska jobba med ungdomen för att få den att utvecklas. För att förstärkning ska uppnås måste MST teamet bortse från ungdomarnas ålder behandla individerna efter deras mognad, integrera familjemedlemmarna så mycket som möjligt och få ett gott samspel mellan terapeuterna och familjerna.
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Mechanisms of engagement and change for minority ethnic caregivers with multisystemic therapy : a grounded theoryBibi, Fatima January 2014 (has links)
Evidence has shown that Multisystemic Therapy (MST) an intensive family- and community-based intervention has been particularly effective in the treatment of youth with antisocial behaviour from ethnically diverse backgrounds. Although the process of change within MST has been explored, there is a dearth of research in looking at this for families from ethnic minority backgrounds. The current research aimed to address this gap by exploring the experiences of a sample of London based caregivers who had completed an MST intervention. A qualitative approach was adopted, using grounded theory methodology to explore ethnic minority caregiver experiences of MST and generate a model of the processes of engagement and change based on participants' accounts. Seven semi-structured interviews were carried out with caregivers from two London sites. The emergent model consisted of seven interacting theoretical codes. Three of these codes were organised around the process of engagement; deciding to engage with MST, becoming therapeutically aligned and considering cultural difference, and four related to the process of change; working within a safe and trusting relationship, therapist acting as cultural broker, empowering the parent and increased communication within and outside the family. The author makes novel suggestions relating to the specific mechanisms that are thought to underlie the process of engaging with MST, and highlights the importance of considering cultural difference in the initial stages of the MST intervention.
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Skolprestationer räknas! : Studie om hur ungdomars skolsituation verkar ha påverkats av multisystemisk terapiFriberg, Carl, Fröberg, Kenneth January 2014 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to describe the school situation of adolescents who were subject to multisystemic therapy in Sweden, and also if a change could be measured after treatment. Factors that preceded the need for treament were also investigated. The sample consisted of 83 adolescents, boys (65 %) and girls (35 %), with an average age of 14 years. The method used was a secondary data analysis using pre-treatment- and post-treatment data collected from a 7-month follow-up conducted by Lunds Universitet. Results showed that the adolescents were low in school performance and high in truancy at pre-treatment. Truancy was the main reason for the need of treatment (50 %). The follow-up data showed tendencies of positive outcomes in the adolescent's school performance. Further research is needed to better detect weakness in adolescent's school performance and focus interventions to improve that area.
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