O treino de potência muscular (TP) é mostrado ser uma modalidade de treinamento efetiva e segura para amenizar os prejuízos neuromusculares causados pelo envelhecimento. Porém, ainda há necessidade de mais informação a respeito da prescrição do TP. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito de 12 e 24 semanas de dois modelos de TP sobre as adaptações neuromusculares de mulheres idosas. Trinta mulheres idosas (60-68 anos) foram randomicamente alocadas em um dois dois grupos: grupo com variação do número séries (VS; n = 15) ou grupo com número de séries constantes (SC; n = 15). Durante o programa de TP o grupo VS realizou uma série por exercício durante as 12 primeiras semanas e a partir da décima terceira semana realizou três séries, enquanto que o grupo SC realizou três séries por exercício durante todo o período de treinamento. Uma repetição máxima (1-RM), contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM), espessura muscular do quadríceps (EMQUA), taxa de produção de torque absoluta e normalizada (TPT, TPTN, respectivamente), impulso contrátil, potência muscular no salto com contra movimento e o desempenho funcional foram avaliados pré (Pré), após 12 (Pós 12) e após 24 (Pós 24) semanas de TP. Os grupos, VS e SC, aumentaram significativa (p ≤ 0,001 – 0,0001) e similarmente (p > 0,05) o 1-RM de extensão de joelhos, a CIVM e a EMQUA Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento. Além disso, quando analisado o aumento do Pós 12 ao Pós 24 semanas, ambos os grupos também mostraram aumento significativo nessas variáveis (p ≤ 0,05), sem diferença entre eles (p > 0,05). A TPT e o impulso contrátil apresentaram melhora significativa Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento (p ≤ 0,01 – 0,0001), enquanto que a TPTN apresentou aumento significativo apenas no Pós 24 (p ≤ 0,05). Ainda, a TPT e impulso contrátil apresentaram melhora significativa (p ≤ 0,05) do Pós 12 ao Pós 24, de maneira similar para ambos os grupos (p > 0,05). A potência muscular e o desempenho também melhoraram significativa (p ≤ 0,01 – 0,0001) e similarmente (p > 0,05) para ambos os grupos Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento. Em resumo o presente estudo encontrou que os grupos VS e CS melhoraram significativa e similarmente as variáveis neuromusuclares e o desempenho funcional Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento. Além disso, o grupo VS comparado ao grupo CS, não teve atenuação nos ganhos Pós 24 semanas de TP em nehuma das variváeis neuromusculares avaliadas e no desempenho funcional. / The power training (PT) has been shown to be an effective and safe training mode to attenuate the deleterious effects of aging in neuromuscular variables. However, still there is the need for information regarding to PT prescription. Thus, the aim of present study was to compare the effect of 12 and 24 weeks of PT on neuromuscular adaptations in elderly women. Thirty elderly women (60- 68 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group with variation in number of sets (VS; n = 15) or group with number of constant sets (CS; n= 15). During PT routine the VS group perfomed one set by exercise during the first 12 weeks and from the thirteenth week they performed three sets by exercise, whereas CS group performed three sets during entire training period. Onerepetition maximum (1-RM) and maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) of knee extension, quadriceps femoris muscle thickness (QF MT), absolute and normalized rate of torque development (RTD and RTDN, respectively), contractile impulse, muscle power in countermovement jump and functional performance were assessed before training (Pre), after 12 (Post 12) and after 24 (Post 24) weeks of training. The groups, VS and CS, increased significant (p ≤ 0.001 – 0.0001) and similarly (p > 0.05) the 1-RM, MIVC and QF MT at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of training. Furthermore, when analyzed the increase of Post 12 to Post 24 weeks, both groups showed significant increases in these variables (p ≤ 0.05), with no difference between groups (p > 0.05). The RTD and the contractile impulse showed significant improvements at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of training (p ≤ 0.01 – 0.0001), while that the RTDN increased only at Post 24 (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, RTD and contractile impulse significantly increased from Post 12 to Post 24 weeks, similarly for both groups (p > 0.05). The muscle power and the functional performance also showed significant (p ≤ 0.01 – 0.0001) and similar (p > 0.05) improvements in both groups at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of training. In summary, the study found that the groups VS and SC improved significant and similarly the neuromuscular variables and functional performance at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of PT. Furthermore, the VS group compared to SC group did not showed attenuated gains at Post 24 weeks of PT in any neuromuscular variable assessed and in functional performance.

Nearly 8 million American adolescents participate in sports. Many sports (e.g. basketball, volleyball) require powerful muscle movements. Normally, participation declines in young adulthood. The purpose of this study was to assess longitudinal effects of interscholastic high school sport participation and muscle power on young adult bone strength. 295 young adults from the Iowa Bone Development Study participated in this study. Participants were classified into sport participation groups based on an interscholastic sport participation history questionnaire. Groups included Power Sport Participant (PSP), Other Sport Participant (OSP), and Nonparticipant (NP). Current physical activity (PA) behaviors were assessed via questionnaire. Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessed hip areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and was used with hip structure analysis (HSA) to estimate femoral neck section modulus (FN Z) and hip cross-sectional area (CSA). Peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provided stress-strain index (SSI) and bone strength index (BSI) at 38% and 4% cross-sectional tibial sites respectively. Vertical jump estimated muscle power at age 19. Gender-specific multiple linear regression predicted young adult bone outcomes based on sport participation groups. Mediation analysis analyzed effects of muscle power on relationships between sport participation and bone outcomes. All analyses were adjusted for current PA. For both males and females, bone outcomes for PSPs were greater than bone outcomes for NPs (P < 0.025). Bone outcomes for PSPs were also greater than OSPs in females (P < 0.025). Mean differences for PSPs and NPs differed between 6.5% to 15.7%. 14.2% to 27.5% of the effect of sport participation on bone outcomes was mediated by muscle power. These results provide evidence to say that former male power sport participants and other sport participants and female power sport participants have stronger bones than peers even when adjusting for current PA. Muscle power did not fully explain differences in all bone outcomes suggesting that sport participation has additional bone health benefits.

In this research work we tried to determine physical therapy effect on thigh – bone, shin and heel – bone muscle power, muscle spread and patirns mobility after acute haematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO). The purpose. To determine patients thigh – bone, shin and heel – bone muscle power changes, during acute haematogenous osteomyelitis 60 days treatment course. Methods. Research was applied Kaunas V. Tumėnienės children sanatorium. In research work took part 30 children, from them 21 boys and 9 girls. Years of age average 11 ± 2 years. Patients for this research were chosen by disorder localisation and divided into 3groups: after thigh – bone AHO (n=10), after shin AHO (n=10), after heel – bone AHO (n=10). Rehabilitation treatment course were 60 days. Every patient from this group had and individual course of physiotherapy twice in a day, but also patients had massage procedure and physiotherapy manipulations. To evaluate the effect of applied treatment couse patients were tested after 30 days and in the end of treatment course period. For – bone, shin and heel – bone muscle spread and muscle functionality evaluation was used Lovett 5 score scale, subjective pain scale and functional mobility test (Keitel index). Results. Forshowed that biggest thigh – bone and shin muscle atrophy is in shin bone AHO. During treatment period in all research groups biggest thigh – bone and shin muscle spread increased, but after 60 days of treatment course it was less comparing with healthy leg... [to full text]

No description available.

O treino de potência muscular (TP) é mostrado ser uma modalidade de treinamento efetiva e segura para amenizar os prejuízos neuromusculares causados pelo envelhecimento. Porém, ainda há necessidade de mais informação a respeito da prescrição do TP. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito de 12 e 24 semanas de dois modelos de TP sobre as adaptações neuromusculares de mulheres idosas. Trinta mulheres idosas (60-68 anos) foram randomicamente alocadas em um dois dois grupos: grupo com variação do número séries (VS; n = 15) ou grupo com número de séries constantes (SC; n = 15). Durante o programa de TP o grupo VS realizou uma série por exercício durante as 12 primeiras semanas e a partir da décima terceira semana realizou três séries, enquanto que o grupo SC realizou três séries por exercício durante todo o período de treinamento. Uma repetição máxima (1-RM), contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM), espessura muscular do quadríceps (EMQUA), taxa de produção de torque absoluta e normalizada (TPT, TPTN, respectivamente), impulso contrátil, potência muscular no salto com contra movimento e o desempenho funcional foram avaliados pré (Pré), após 12 (Pós 12) e após 24 (Pós 24) semanas de TP. Os grupos, VS e SC, aumentaram significativa (p ≤ 0,001 – 0,0001) e similarmente (p > 0,05) o 1-RM de extensão de joelhos, a CIVM e a EMQUA Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento. Além disso, quando analisado o aumento do Pós 12 ao Pós 24 semanas, ambos os grupos também mostraram aumento significativo nessas variáveis (p ≤ 0,05), sem diferença entre eles (p > 0,05). A TPT e o impulso contrátil apresentaram melhora significativa Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento (p ≤ 0,01 – 0,0001), enquanto que a TPTN apresentou aumento significativo apenas no Pós 24 (p ≤ 0,05). Ainda, a TPT e impulso contrátil apresentaram melhora significativa (p ≤ 0,05) do Pós 12 ao Pós 24, de maneira similar para ambos os grupos (p > 0,05). A potência muscular e o desempenho também melhoraram significativa (p ≤ 0,01 – 0,0001) e similarmente (p > 0,05) para ambos os grupos Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento. Em resumo o presente estudo encontrou que os grupos VS e CS melhoraram significativa e similarmente as variáveis neuromusuclares e o desempenho funcional Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento. Além disso, o grupo VS comparado ao grupo CS, não teve atenuação nos ganhos Pós 24 semanas de TP em nehuma das variváeis neuromusculares avaliadas e no desempenho funcional. / The power training (PT) has been shown to be an effective and safe training mode to attenuate the deleterious effects of aging in neuromuscular variables. However, still there is the need for information regarding to PT prescription. Thus, the aim of present study was to compare the effect of 12 and 24 weeks of PT on neuromuscular adaptations in elderly women. Thirty elderly women (60- 68 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group with variation in number of sets (VS; n = 15) or group with number of constant sets (CS; n= 15). During PT routine the VS group perfomed one set by exercise during the first 12 weeks and from the thirteenth week they performed three sets by exercise, whereas CS group performed three sets during entire training period. Onerepetition maximum (1-RM) and maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) of knee extension, quadriceps femoris muscle thickness (QF MT), absolute and normalized rate of torque development (RTD and RTDN, respectively), contractile impulse, muscle power in countermovement jump and functional performance were assessed before training (Pre), after 12 (Post 12) and after 24 (Post 24) weeks of training. The groups, VS and CS, increased significant (p ≤ 0.001 – 0.0001) and similarly (p > 0.05) the 1-RM, MIVC and QF MT at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of training. Furthermore, when analyzed the increase of Post 12 to Post 24 weeks, both groups showed significant increases in these variables (p ≤ 0.05), with no difference between groups (p > 0.05). The RTD and the contractile impulse showed significant improvements at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of training (p ≤ 0.01 – 0.0001), while that the RTDN increased only at Post 24 (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, RTD and contractile impulse significantly increased from Post 12 to Post 24 weeks, similarly for both groups (p > 0.05). The muscle power and the functional performance also showed significant (p ≤ 0.01 – 0.0001) and similar (p > 0.05) improvements in both groups at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of training. In summary, the study found that the groups VS and SC improved significant and similarly the neuromuscular variables and functional performance at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of PT. Furthermore, the VS group compared to SC group did not showed attenuated gains at Post 24 weeks of PT in any neuromuscular variable assessed and in functional performance.

O treino de potência muscular (TP) é mostrado ser uma modalidade de treinamento efetiva e segura para amenizar os prejuízos neuromusculares causados pelo envelhecimento. Porém, ainda há necessidade de mais informação a respeito da prescrição do TP. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar o efeito de 12 e 24 semanas de dois modelos de TP sobre as adaptações neuromusculares de mulheres idosas. Trinta mulheres idosas (60-68 anos) foram randomicamente alocadas em um dois dois grupos: grupo com variação do número séries (VS; n = 15) ou grupo com número de séries constantes (SC; n = 15). Durante o programa de TP o grupo VS realizou uma série por exercício durante as 12 primeiras semanas e a partir da décima terceira semana realizou três séries, enquanto que o grupo SC realizou três séries por exercício durante todo o período de treinamento. Uma repetição máxima (1-RM), contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM), espessura muscular do quadríceps (EMQUA), taxa de produção de torque absoluta e normalizada (TPT, TPTN, respectivamente), impulso contrátil, potência muscular no salto com contra movimento e o desempenho funcional foram avaliados pré (Pré), após 12 (Pós 12) e após 24 (Pós 24) semanas de TP. Os grupos, VS e SC, aumentaram significativa (p ≤ 0,001 – 0,0001) e similarmente (p > 0,05) o 1-RM de extensão de joelhos, a CIVM e a EMQUA Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento. Além disso, quando analisado o aumento do Pós 12 ao Pós 24 semanas, ambos os grupos também mostraram aumento significativo nessas variáveis (p ≤ 0,05), sem diferença entre eles (p > 0,05). A TPT e o impulso contrátil apresentaram melhora significativa Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento (p ≤ 0,01 – 0,0001), enquanto que a TPTN apresentou aumento significativo apenas no Pós 24 (p ≤ 0,05). Ainda, a TPT e impulso contrátil apresentaram melhora significativa (p ≤ 0,05) do Pós 12 ao Pós 24, de maneira similar para ambos os grupos (p > 0,05). A potência muscular e o desempenho também melhoraram significativa (p ≤ 0,01 – 0,0001) e similarmente (p > 0,05) para ambos os grupos Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento. Em resumo o presente estudo encontrou que os grupos VS e CS melhoraram significativa e similarmente as variáveis neuromusuclares e o desempenho funcional Pós 12 e Pós 24 semanas de treinamento. Além disso, o grupo VS comparado ao grupo CS, não teve atenuação nos ganhos Pós 24 semanas de TP em nehuma das variváeis neuromusculares avaliadas e no desempenho funcional. / The power training (PT) has been shown to be an effective and safe training mode to attenuate the deleterious effects of aging in neuromuscular variables. However, still there is the need for information regarding to PT prescription. Thus, the aim of present study was to compare the effect of 12 and 24 weeks of PT on neuromuscular adaptations in elderly women. Thirty elderly women (60- 68 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: group with variation in number of sets (VS; n = 15) or group with number of constant sets (CS; n= 15). During PT routine the VS group perfomed one set by exercise during the first 12 weeks and from the thirteenth week they performed three sets by exercise, whereas CS group performed three sets during entire training period. Onerepetition maximum (1-RM) and maximum isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) of knee extension, quadriceps femoris muscle thickness (QF MT), absolute and normalized rate of torque development (RTD and RTDN, respectively), contractile impulse, muscle power in countermovement jump and functional performance were assessed before training (Pre), after 12 (Post 12) and after 24 (Post 24) weeks of training. The groups, VS and CS, increased significant (p ≤ 0.001 – 0.0001) and similarly (p > 0.05) the 1-RM, MIVC and QF MT at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of training. Furthermore, when analyzed the increase of Post 12 to Post 24 weeks, both groups showed significant increases in these variables (p ≤ 0.05), with no difference between groups (p > 0.05). The RTD and the contractile impulse showed significant improvements at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of training (p ≤ 0.01 – 0.0001), while that the RTDN increased only at Post 24 (p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, RTD and contractile impulse significantly increased from Post 12 to Post 24 weeks, similarly for both groups (p > 0.05). The muscle power and the functional performance also showed significant (p ≤ 0.01 – 0.0001) and similar (p > 0.05) improvements in both groups at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of training. In summary, the study found that the groups VS and SC improved significant and similarly the neuromuscular variables and functional performance at Post 12 and Post 24 weeks of PT. Furthermore, the VS group compared to SC group did not showed attenuated gains at Post 24 weeks of PT in any neuromuscular variable assessed and in functional performance.

Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. It often leads to mobility limitations resulting from deficits in muscle performance. While reduced muscle strength and rate of force production have been reported, little is known about the power generating capability of people after stroke and its relationship to mobility. Research in other populations has found that measures of muscle power may have a greater association with activity performance than do measures of muscle force alone. Consequently, in an attempt to optimise power, investigators have focused on identifying ideal parameters within which to train for power. One such parameter is the identification of the loading level at which maximal power is generated. Literature reporting optimal loads from both young athletic and healthy older populations has yielded mixed results, making the applicability to a hemiparetic population difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle power performance at differing loads and to determine at what load muscle power is best elicited in hemiparetic and age and gender matched control groups. A secondary aim was to ascertain whether there is a relationship between the muscle power values obtained and activities such as gait, stair climbing and standing from a chair. Twenty nine hemiparetic volunteers and twenty nine age and gender matched controls were evaluated. Involved and uninvolved legs of the stroke group and a comparison leg of the control group underwent testing. Leg press muscle power was measured using a modified supine leg press machine at 30%, 50% and 70% of a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) load. Participants were positioned on the leg press machine and asked to push, with a single leg, as hard and as fast as they could. Data was collected via a mounted force platform and a linear transducer connected to a platform on which the participants lay. From these, power was able to be calculated. The activities were timed while being performed as fast as possible. The results showed that peak muscle power values differed significantly between the involved, uninvolved and control legs. Peak leg power in all three leg groups was greatest when pushing against a load of 30% of 1-RM. Involved leg peak power tested at 30% of 1-RM (Mean:240; SD:145 W) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the uninvolved leg (Mean:506; SD:243 W). Both the involved and uninvolved legs generated significantly lower peak power (p<0.05) than the control leg (Mean:757; SD:292 W). Correlations were found between the involved leg peak power and gait speed and involved leg peak power and stair climbing (r=0.6-0.7, p<0.05). No correlation was found between paretic leg peak power and chair stands. The control group leg peak power demonstrated significant associations with the performance of all three activities.In summary, there were significant differences between the involved and the uninvolved leg in power production after stroke. As well, there are significant differences between the uninvolved leg and the leg of those not affected by stroke. Power was related to a number of activities.

In this research work we tried to determine shin flexors and extensors muscles power, body balance and posture changes for the patients diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis, depending of performed work and disease conditions. The purpose Of this research work was to determine the maximum power of shin flexor and extensor muscles and human body balance changes. Aims: To determine shin flexor muscles power, at different degrees of angular velocity. To determine shin extensor muscle power, at different degrees of angular velocity. To compare flexor and extensor muscle power at different degrees of angular velocity. To determine body swing lengths. To determine Tai Chi marital art exercises effectiveness on human body balance. Methods. In this research took part Multiple Sclerosis Society of Kaunas District “OREMUS” patients. Man (n=3), women (n=6). Age average in years 46 ± 6. The applied tests methods were dynamometric, posturographic and physiotherapy. Dinamometry sessions consisted of four series (5, 10, 15, 15 repetitions) performed at 30°/s, 180°/s, 300°/s, 500°/s of angular velocity. A ten seconds rest was allowed between the series. Verbal encouragements was given during every trial. 4 such testing session were done all together. Peak torque, average power and work performed were recorded. During the second test method applied, patients were allowed to stand steady 60s. on the tensoplatform and to step on it from the right and secondarily from the left leg. Body Mass... [to full text]

Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide. It often leads to mobility limitations resulting from deficits in muscle performance. While reduced muscle strength and rate of force production have been reported, little is known about the power generating capability of people after stroke and its relationship to mobility. Research in other populations has found that measures of muscle power may have a greater association with activity performance than do measures of muscle force alone. Consequently, in an attempt to optimise power, investigators have focused on identifying ideal parameters within which to train for power. One such parameter is the identification of the loading level at which maximal power is generated. Literature reporting optimal loads from both young athletic and healthy older populations has yielded mixed results, making the applicability to a hemiparetic population difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle power performance at differing loads and to determine at what load muscle power is best elicited in hemiparetic and age and gender matched control groups. A secondary aim was to ascertain whether there is a relationship between the muscle power values obtained and activities such as gait, stair climbing and standing from a chair. Twenty nine hemiparetic volunteers and twenty nine age and gender matched controls were evaluated. Involved and uninvolved legs of the stroke group and a comparison leg of the control group underwent testing. Leg press muscle power was measured using a modified supine leg press machine at 30%, 50% and 70% of a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) load. Participants were positioned on the leg press machine and asked to push, with a single leg, as hard and as fast as they could. Data was collected via a mounted force platform and a linear transducer connected to a platform on which the participants lay. From these, power was able to be calculated. The activities were timed while being performed as fast as possible. The results showed that peak muscle power values differed significantly between the involved, uninvolved and control legs. Peak leg power in all three leg groups was greatest when pushing against a load of 30% of 1-RM. Involved leg peak power tested at 30% of 1-RM (Mean:240; SD:145 W) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than the uninvolved leg (Mean:506; SD:243 W). Both the involved and uninvolved legs generated significantly lower peak power (p<0.05) than the control leg (Mean:757; SD:292 W). Correlations were found between the involved leg peak power and gait speed and involved leg peak power and stair climbing (r=0.6-0.7, p<0.05). No correlation was found between paretic leg peak power and chair stands. The control group leg peak power demonstrated significant associations with the performance of all three activities.In summary, there were significant differences between the involved and the uninvolved leg in power production after stroke. As well, there are significant differences between the uninvolved leg and the leg of those not affected by stroke. Power was related to a number of activities.

Power is a complex area to study and is dependent on a great multitude of factors. Despite this, power-development is of interest in boxing. The purpose of this literature study was to analyze various factors that contribute to punching power in the sport of boxing and to provide a basis for improving it. Original and review articles ranging from the years 1963 to 2017 were retrieved from various databases (e.g., PubMed and Google Scholar). Out of 145 reviewed titles and abstracts, 79 of those met the criteria and were included in this review. Only articles related to power-development were included. The contributing components that were analyzed in this study were the following: force production, velocity production, high velocity strength, stretch shortening cycle, intention, and inter-intramuscular skill &amp; coordination. Additionally, systematic planning strategies such as periodization and mixed methods approach were analyzed. It was concluded that all components are interdependent and positively affect the upper -and lower body power-production of athletes (and punching power consequently). Further empirical research on boxing-specific power development is still required.