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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
41

Força muscular respiratória, capacidade funcional, controle autonômico cardiovascular e função endotelial de pacientes com doença renal crônica / Respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, autonomic cardiovascular control and endothelial function of patients with chronic renal disease

Kátia Bilhar Scapini 14 February 2017 (has links)
INTRODUÇÃO: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é uma patologia progressiva e debilitante, que apresenta alta mortalidade devido a causas cardiovasculares. Pacientes com DRC apresentam alterações metabólicas e musculares que estão associadas com diminuição da capacidade funcional e baixa tolerância ao exercício, porém pouco se sabe sobre o acometimento da musculatura respiratória desses pacientes. Dessa forma, os objetivos primários deste estudo foram avaliar a força muscular respiratória (FMR) de pacientes com DRC e verificar a existência de associação da força da musculatura inspiratória com fatores de risco cardiovasculares já descritos na DRC. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por pacientes com DRC (estádios 3 ao 5) (grupo DRC, n = 30) e por indivíduos saudáveis (grupo controle, C. n =11). Posteriormente, para fins de comparação, os pacientes com DRC foram divididos em dois grupos: pacientes com DRC em fase não dialítica (estádios 3 e 4 - grupo DRC-ND, n=12) e pacientes com DRC em hemodiálise (estádio 5 - grupo DRC-D, n = 18). Todos os indivíduos realizaram os seguintes procedimentos: manovacuometria digital para mensuração da pressão inspiratória máxima (PImax) e pressão expiratória máxima (PEmax); registro da pressão arterial (PA) batimento a batimento e do eletrocardiograma para mensuração das variáveis hemodinâmicas; registro da atividade simpática nervosa muscular (ANSM); avaliação da composição corporal por meio de bioimpedância; avaliação da velocidade de onda de pulso (VOP) carotídea-femoral; avaliação da função endotelial; teste ergoespirométrico para mensuração da capacidade funcional cardiorrespiratória. Para os indivíduos do grupo DRC-D as avaliações foram sempre realizadas no segundo dia interdialítico da semana. Posteriormente as curvas de pressão arterial registradas foram utilizadas para mensurar a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e da PA e para determinar o barorreflexo espontâneo. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes com DRC apresentam redução da FMR quando comparados ao grupo controle (PImax: DRC= 82,51 ± 24,39 vs. C= 115,20 ± 18,71 cmH2O; PEmax: DRC= 99,64 ± 19,86 vs. C= 138,90 ± 27,08 cmH2O). Não houve diferença nas pressões respiratórias entre os grupos DRC-D e DRC-ND. Além disso, os pacientes com DRC apresentam diminuição da VFC [SDNN: DRC = 19,03 (10,95 - 44,28) vs. C= 45,25 (28,45 - 76,86)ms], aumento do balanço simpatovagal (DRC= 3,42 ± 1,99 vs. C= 1,54 ±1,01), aumento da variância da PA sistólica [DRC= 48,60 (13,38 -149,00) vs. C= 29,76 (15,83 - 49,54) mmHg2, prejuízo tanto da ativação (DRC= 0,40 ± 0,15 vs. C= 0,72 ± 0,10) quanto da sensibilidade barorreflexa (DRC= 7,98 ± 4,37 vs. C= 20,87 ± 10,68 ms/mmHg), bem como, aumento da ANSM (DRC= 20,44 ± 3,88 vs. C= 17,75 ± 1,46 bursts/min). Para a maioria dos índices de VFC o grupo DRC-D apresentou maior comprometimento do que o grupo DRC-ND. Contudo, o balanço simpatovagal, a variância da PA sistólica, a ANSM e a ativação do barorreflexo não foi diferente entre os grupos DRC-D e DRC-ND. Além disso, os pacientes com DRC apresentaram menor consumo de oxigênio que os indivíduos saudáveis (DRC= 29,1 ± 7,76 vs. C= 38,5 ± 7,9 ml/kg/min), redução da função endotelial (DRC= 4,90 ± 4,62 vs. C =8,70 ± 2,19%) e aumento da VOP (DRC= 8,30 (6,15 - 12,2) vs. C= 6,55 (5,4 - 7,8) m/s) quando comparado ao grupo controle, sendo que não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos DRC-D e DRC-ND para estas variáveis. Quanto a composição corporal, os indivíduos com DRC apresentaram menor massa corporal celular, menor massa magra, maior massa gorda, menor água intracelular, e maior porcentagem de água extracelular quando comparados ao grupo controle. Não foram observadas diferenças na composição corporal entre o grupo DRC-D e DRC-ND. Houve associação positiva entre a força muscular inspiratória e o consumo máximo de oxigênio, bem como entre a PImax e níveis séricos de albumina nos indivíduos com DRC. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com DRC, mesmo em fase não dialítica, apresentam comprometimento da FMR, principalmente da PImax, bem como redução da capacidade funcional cardiorrespiratória, sendo que, existe uma associação entre a PImax e o consumo máximo de oxigênio. Além disso, os pacientes com DRC apresentam prejuízo da VFC e da sensibilidade barorreflexa, aumento do balanço simpatovagal, da ANSM e alterações vasculares, que embora pareçam ser mais evidentes nos doentes renais em fase dialítica, já podem ser observadas também na fase pré-dialítica da DRC / INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive and debilitating condition that presents high mortality due to cardiovascular causes. Patients with CKD have metabolic and muscular changes that are associated with decreased functional capacity and low tolerance to exercise, but little is known about the involvement of the respiratory muscles in these population. Thus, the primary objectives of this study were to evaluate the respiratory muscle strength (RMS) of patients with CKD and to verify the existence of an association of inspiratory muscle strength with cardiovascular risk factors already described in CKD. METHODS: The sample consisted of patients with CKD (stages 3 to 5) (CKD group, n = 30) and healthy individuals (control group, C n = 11). For comparison purposes, patients with CKD were divided into two groups: non-dialytic CKD patients (stages 3 and 4 - CKD-ND group, n = 12) and patients with CKD on hemodialysis (stage 5 - group CKD-D, n = 18). All subjects performed the following procedures: digital manovacuometry to measure maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP); recording of blood pressure (BP) beat-to-beat and electrocardiogram for measurement of hemodynamic variables; register of sympathetic nervous muscle activity (SNMA); assessment of body composition by bioimpedance; assessment of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV); evaluation of endothelial function; ergospirometric test for measurement of cardiorespiratory functional capacity. For the subjects in the CKD-D group the evaluations were always performed on the second interdialytic day of the week. Subsequently, the recorded blood pressure curves were used to measure heart rate (HRV) and BP variability and to determine spontaneous baroreflex. RESULTS: Patients with CKD had a reduction in RMS when compared to the control group (MIP: CKD = 82.51 ± 24.39 vs. C = 115.20 ± 18.71 cmH2O; MEP: CKD = 99.64 ± 19, 86 vs. C = 138.90 ± 27.08 cm H2O). There was no difference in respiratory pressures between the CKD-D and the CKD-ND groups. In addition, patients with CKD had a decrease in HRV [SDNN: CKD = 19.03 (10.95 - 44.28) vs. C = 45.25 (28.45 - 76.86) ms], increased sympatovagal balance (CKD = 3.42 ± 1.99 vs. C = 1.54 ± 1.01), increased systolic BP variance [CKD = 48.60 (13.38 -149.00) vs. C = 29.76 (15.83 - 49.54) mmHg2, impairment of both activation (CKD = 0.40 ± 0.15 vs C = 0.72 ± 0.10) and baroreflex sensitivity (CKD = 7.98 ± 4.37 vs. C = 20.87 ± 10.68 ms/mmHg), as well as increased SNMA (CKD = 20.44 ± 3.88 vs. C = 17.75 ± 1.46 bursts/min). For most HRV scores, the CKD-D group presented greater impairment than the CKD-ND group. However, sympathovagal balance, systolic BP variance, SNMA and baroreflex activation were not different between the CKD-D and CKD-ND groups. In addition, patients with CKD had lower oxygen consumption than healthy subjects (CKD = 29.1 ± 7.76 vs. C = 38.5 ± 7.9 ml/kg/min), reduction of endothelial function (CKD = 4.90 ± 4.62 vs. C = 8.70 ± 2.19 %) and increased PWV (CKD = 8.30 (6.15 - 12.2) vs. C = 6.55 (5, 4 - 7.8) m/s) when compared to control group, and no differences were observed between the CKD-D and CKD-ND groups for these variables. Regarding body composition, individuals with CKD had lower cellular body mass, lower lean mass, higher fat mass, lower intracellular water, and higher percentage of extracellular water when compared to control group. No differences were observed in body composition between the CKD-D and CKD-ND groups. There was a positive association between inspiratory muscle strength and maximum oxygen consumption, as well as between MIP and serum albumin levels in individuals with CKD. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CKD, even in the non-dialytic phase, have FMR impairment, mainly MIP, as well as reduction of cardiorespiratory functional capacity, and there is an association between MIP and maximal oxygen consumption in this population. In addition, patients with CKD have impairment of HRV and baroreflex sensitivity, increased sympatovagal balance, SNMA, and vascular alterations, that although they may appear to be more evident in renal dialysis patients, may also be observed in the predialytic phase of DRC
42

Fitness and mobility training in patients with Intensive Care Unit-acquired muscle weakness (FITonICU): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Mehrholz, Jan, Thomas, Simone, Burridge, Jane H., Schmidt, André, Scheffler, Bettina, Schellin, Ralph, Rückriem, Stefan, Meißner, Daniel, Mehrholz, Katja, Sauter, Wolfgang, Bodechtel, Ulf, Elsner, Bernhard 27 February 2017 (has links)
Background Critical illness myopathy (CIM) and polyneuropathy (CIP) are a common complication of critical illness. Both cause intensive-care-unit-acquired (ICU-acquired) muscle weakness (ICUAW) which increases morbidity and delays rehabilitation and recovery of activities of daily living such as walking ability. Focused physical rehabilitation of people with ICUAW is, therefore, of great importance at both an individual and a societal level. A recent systematic Cochrane review found no randomised controlled trials (RCT), and thus no supporting evidence, for physical rehabilitation interventions for people with defined CIP and CIM to improve activities of daily living. Therefore, the aim of our study is to compare the effects of an additional physiotherapy programme with systematically augmented levels of mobilisation with additional in-bed cycling (as the parallel group) on walking and other activities of daily living.
43

Use of Simulation to Investigate Muscle Forces and Contributions to the STS transfer and Sensitivity to Muscle Weakness during the STS Transfer

Hughes, Megan Elizabeth January 2018 (has links)
No description available.

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