The thesis research was designed to study the characteristics of two important physiological processes in smooth muscle: Ca2+ transport mediated by the plasmalemmal Ca2+-ATPase and muscarinic receptor-G protein interactions. In resting smooth muscle, several Ca2+ extrusion or sequestration processes offset the passive inward leak of Ca2+. Although biochemical evidence suggests that the plasmalemmal Ca2+ pump plays a key role in this process, the precise role of this enzyme could not be proven until a reliable estimate of the inward Ca2+ leak was measured. Recent studies using dispersed smooth muscle cells from the toad stomach provided an estimate of the basal transmembrane Ca2+ flux rate; thus, we examined the transport capacity of the plasmalemmal Ca2+pump in this tissue. Gastric smooth muscle tissue was disrupted by homogenization and nitrogen cavitation. Membranes enriched 20 fold for plasma membrane markers were obtained using differential centrifugation and purification by flotation on discontinuous sucrose gradients. The membrane vesicles exhibited an ATP-dependent 45Ca uptake that was insensitive to azide or oxalate but sensitive to stimulation by calmodulin or inhibition by orthovanadate and the calmodulin antagonists trifluoperazine (TFP) or calmidazolium (CMZ). 45Ca accumulated in the presence of ATP was rapidly released by Ca2+ ionophore but not by agents that stimulate Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic rettculum (caffeine, inositol trisphosphate, GTP). However, both CMZ and TFP evoked a Ca2+ release that was comparable to that observed in the presence of Ca2+ ionophore, suggesting that these compounds have profound effects on membrane Ca2+permeability. 45Ca transport exhibited a high affinity for Ca2+ (KD 0.2 μM) and a high transport capacity, producing a > 12,000-fold gradient for Ca2+and a transmembrane flux rate at least 3-fold greater than that observed in resting smooth muscle cells. As a first step toward understanding the biochemical basis for the diversity of muscarinic cholinergic actions on smooth muscle, we examined the distribution of muscarinic receptor subtypes and coupling to guantne nucleotide-binding (G) proteins in airway and gastric smooth muscle. Receptor subtypes were classified in membranes prepared from bovine trachea and toad stomach based on the relative abilities of the selective antagonists pirenzepine (M1), AF-DX 116 (M2) and 4-DAMP (M3) to displace the binding of nonselective antagonist [3H]QNB (quinuclidinyl benzilate). Based on the binding profiles for these antagonists, it was concluded that both smooth muscle types contain a mixture of M2 and M3 subtypes. In trachea the majority of receptors (86%) were M2, whereas in stomach the majority of receptors (88%) were M3. The displacement of [3H]QNB binding by the agonist oxotremorine indicated a mixed population of high affinity (KD = 4 nM) and low affinity (KD = 2-4 μM) binding sites. The addition of GTPγS abolished all high affinity agonist binding, suggesting that coupling of the receptors to G proteins may confer high affinity. Reaction of membranes with pertussis toxin in the presence of [32P]NAD caused the [32P]-labelling of a ~ 41 kD protein in both gastric and tracheal smooth musc1e. Pretreatment of the membranes with pertussis toxin and NAD completely abolished high affinity agonist binding in gastric smooth muscle, but produced little if any decrease in high affinity agonist binding in trachea. We conclude that, although muscarinic receptor activation leads to the elevation of intracellular Ca2+ and to contraction of both airway and gastric smooth muscle, the dissimilar distributions of receptor subtypes and distinct patterns of coupling to G proteins may indicate that each smooth muscle type uses different receptor-G protein interactions to regulate intracellular signalling pathways.

Manual lifting tasks are the predominant means of transporting materials in industry with many of these tasks being performed in confined spaces. Research has tended to focus on the biomechanical implications of working in small spaces with a decided lack of information about the physiological and perceptual responses in these environments. This holistic study therefore investigated the manner in which the human operator responded to conditions where the ceiling height was lowered and reach demands increased. Thirty-two young physically active male subjects (age: 21.55yr; stature: 1810mm) were recruited to complete a 2-way repeated measures experiment during which four lifting protocols where different combinations of ceiling height (‘normal’ or reduced to 1460mm in height) and reach demands (400mm or 800mm) were tested. A crude postural analysis was conducted while physiological responses were detailed and continuously monitored. Perceptual responses were also assessed. The tasks with a ‘normal’ ceiling height (mean compression forces: 2615N; mean shearing forces: 388N) and the greatest reach distance (mean compression forces: 3655N; mean shearing forces: 386N) placed individuals under the highest strain. Mean heart rate (HR) responses were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the URN condition when compared to the RF condition. Furthermore, HR responses were statistically significantly affected by the height of the ceiling and the reach depth. Statistically significant differences (p< 0.05) in mean tidal volume (VT) occurred in the least (URN) and most (RF) restrictive conditions. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in mean VE were evident between URN and URF, between URN and RF and between RN and RF. Ceiling height and reach demands had a statistically significant effect on all respiratory responses. There was a statistically significant difference in mean oxygen consumption (VO2) between the URN and all other conditions, and between the most restricted task (RF) and all other conditions. Both the effect of ceiling height and reach demands had a statistically statistically significant impact on VO2. Respiratory quotient (RQ) was significantly higher when loads were moved over 800mm compared to 400mm yet ceiling height did not have a statistically significant effect on RQ. Mean energy expenditure was significantly higher in the RF condition compared to the two least restrictive conditions (URN and RN). Statistically significant differences in EE were also evident between URN and RN, and between URN and URF. EE was significantly affected by reductions in ceiling height and increases in reach demands. Perceptually, the RF task (mean ‘Central’ RPE of 11) was perceived to place significantly greater cardiorespiratory demands on the operator compared to the URN (CRPE: 10) and RN (CRPE: 10) conditions. Statistically significant differences in perceived musculoskeletal strain only occurred between URN and RF. The effect of reach was perceived to have a statistically significant effect on both cardiovascular and musculoskeletal demands whereas ceiling height only had a statistically significant effect on musculoskeletal demands. The greatest discomfort was experienced in the lower back with the most intense discomfort occurring in the RN condition.

Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee leads to chronic joint instability and reduced range of motion while the long term results are marred by a high prevalence of degenerative joint disease especially osteoarthritis. Bundles of collagen threads have been widely investigated for the repair of torn ACL, but are limited by insufficient tissue ingrowth to repopulate and completely regenerate these grafts. We have developed a novel in vitro method of characterizing fiber-based thread matrices by probing their ability to promote tissue ingrowth from a wound margin as a measure of their ability to promote repopulation and regeneration. This method is useful in the optimization of thread scaffolds, and is sensitive enough to distinguish between subtle variations in biopolymer chemistry and organization. Furthermore, this method was used to characterize the effects of crosslinking on the cell outgrowth and correlated the findings with the mechanical properties of collagen threads. The results suggest that crosslinking is required to achieve sufficient mechanical properties for high stress applications such as ACL replacement, but regardless of technique, crosslinking attenuated the cell outgrowth properties of the threads. To improve the regenerative capacity of these scaffolds, novel fibrin microthread matrices were developed with a similar morphology to collagen threads and sufficient mechanical strength to be incorporated in composite thread scaffold systems. These fibrin microthreads were loaded with FGF-2, a potent mitogen and chemotactic agent that works synergistically with fibrin in regulating cell signaling and gene expression. Increases in fibroblast migration and proliferation in FGF-2-loaded fibrin threads were successfully demonstrated with the concomitant promotion of oriented, aligned, spindle-like fibroblast morphology. These results suggest that fibrin-FGF-2 microthreads have distinct advantages as a biomaterial for the rapid regeneration of injured tissues such as the ACL.

The main theme of my work is finding the locomotive load in selected professions and build a compensation program for professionals with a sedentary job. When selecting this topic for me was the decisive topicality of the selected topic, I see especially in the ever-growing problems with musculoskeletal system of persons employed in sedentary occupations, which are one of the consequences of their employment. The first theoretical part of the thesis includes a detailed analysis of the issues examined based on theories that describe the anatomy and physiology of the musculoskeletal system. I characterize also the sedentary lifestyle and sedentary employment in general and describe workplace ergonomics professionals selected for the needs of my thesis. In theory there need explaining motion compensation modes based on medical aspects of the workforce in selected professions sedentary jobs. The practical part of the thesis was to determine the quantitative research on a sample of probands peace musculoskeletal load in connection with the exercise of their profession. Results of the research were my starting point to build a compensation programs that would positively affect the quality of life of current probands. To meet the targets I have been primarily assisting methods of quantitative research using questionnaires. The reason for choosing this method is smooth and straightforward data collection enabling the rapid analysis and processing. The research group of people that was chosen includes professions that are characterized by their sedentary job: professional driver, an office worker and painter Christmas decorations. I observed the objectivity of the research questions musculoskeletal load in selected professions, I firmly establish the criteria on the basis of purposive sampling was assembled group of three professionals with a sedentary job. During the research, I pay attention to individual cases, carried out their detailed descriptions and subsequently proposed compensatory exercises by the parties for some time applied. After this time was collected by new data and a qualitative comparison with the data starting. I am convinced that the results of my research work can help all persons working in occupations with a sedentary job, provided the inclusion of adequate compensatory exercises in his career, but also leisure life.

Title: Most common injuries of the musculoskeletal system among children of elementary school age who engage in gymnastic aerobics, artistic or rhythmic gymnastics at an elite level. Objectives: Ascertain the occurrence of problems of the musculoskeletal system in the form of a painful conditions and injuries among girls of elementary school age who engage in gymnastic sports at an elite level. Which part of the musculoskeletal system were most prone to injury and if and to what extent does the development of pain or the occurrence of an injury effect the performance level of the gymnasts was also constituent of the objectives as well as how is the started issue addressed from the aspect of physical therapy. Methods: For the obtainment of data the combination of quality and quantity research was employed, in the form of a structured interview and a questionnaire. The collection of data was devised retrospectively. The research population comprised of 58 girls (average age 13,5 years) who engage in gymnastic sports at an elite level. Results: A problem with the musculoskeletal system occurred with 98 % of gymnasts during the time of their elementary age. The most susceptible area of the musculoskeletal system turned out to be the lower limbs, specifically knees and ankles. Situations, in which the...

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A correlação entre os métodos que calculam risco ergonômico oferece uma contribuição do método ergonômico mais adequado para frigorífico de suíno. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi relacionar o desempenho de quatro ferramentas de fator de risco ergonômico (OCRA - Occupational Repetitive Actions, RULA - Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, REBA - Rapid Entire Body Assessment e TOR-TOM -Taxa de Ocupação Real - Taxa de Ocupação Máxima) através de análise estatística. A coleta dos dados ocorreu no setor sala de cortes por meio da aplicação do método observacional por filmagem. Os métodos calculados foram convertidos para uma escala Likert de cinco pontos e realizado uma análise de variância entre grupos (ANOVA) e comparação múltipla. Como resultado pode-se afirmar que todos os riscos ergonômicos não apresentam diferença significativa entre as ferramentas, e quando realizada a comparação múltipla, os métodos dinâmicos (OCRA e TORTOM) se diferenciaram dos métodos estáticos (RULA e REBA). Através da regressão linear os métodos dinâmicos se mostraram mais adequados para os postos de trabalho em frigorífico. Para concluir, os métodos dinâmicos são adequados para análise de risco ergonômico em frigorífico de suíno e podem ser usados ponderando os objetivos de análise, as necessidades dos postos de trabalho, redução da exposição ao risco ergonômico e como consequência redução da exposição a doenças muscoesqueléticas. / The correlation between the methods that calculate ergonomic risk offers a contribution of the most appropriate ergonomic method for the swine chill. In this context, the objective of this study was to correlate the performance of four ergonomic risk factor tools (OCRA - Rapid Upper Limb Assessment, REBA - Rapid Entire Body Assessment and TOR-TOM - Occupancy Rate Real - Rate of Maximum Occupancy) through statistical analysis. The data collection was performed in the courtroom sector through the application of the observational method by filming. The calculated methods were converted to a five-point Likert scale and performed an analysis of variance between groups (ANOVA) and multiple comparison. As a result it can be stated that all ergonomic risks do not present significant differences between the tools, and when the multiple comparison was made, the dynamic methods (OCRA and TOR-TOM) differed from static methods (RULA and REBA). Through linear regression, the dynamic methods were more adequate for the refrigeration workstations. To conclude, the dynamic methods are suitable for ergonomic risk analysis in pigs and can be used by weighing the objectives of analysis, the needs of the work stations, reducing the exposure to ergonomic risk and as a consequence reducing the exposure to musculoskeletal diseases.

Capes / O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar correlação entre as posturas adotadas e os respectivos riscos posturais, a dor e/ou sintomas musculoesqueléticos e a capacidade de carga em costureiras de indústrias de confecção de vestuário da cidade de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. A amostra foi composta por costureiras do gênero feminino. O problema que se avista para a presente pesquisa centra-se: De que maneira, as posturas e a força de preensão manual aplicadas e utilizadas no trabalho, afetam a sintomatologia da dor e os sintomas musculoesqueléticos, em trabalhadoras de indústrias de confecção? O referencial teórico pautou-se em: indústria têxtil, características da indústria de confecção de vestuário, ergonomia, postura, efeitos causados ao trabalhador na postura sentada, coluna vertebral e a postura sentada, avaliação ergonômica, métodos de avaliação de análise postural, avaliação dos sintomas musculoesqueléticos e sua localização e avaliação da capacidade de carga. Quanto à abordagem metodológica, a pesquisa classifica-se como quali-quantitativa, descritiva e de levantamento. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em cinco empresas do ramo de confecção do vestuário, totalizando 57 costureiras. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram questionários, entrevistas, o método REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) para avaliação das posturas, o Diagrama de Corlett e Manenica para a localização da dor nos segmentos corporais e intensidade e dinamômetro para medir a força de preensão manual. A pontuação média no método REBA da amostra foi de 4,75 (± 0,46). A maioria das costureiras (80,70%) respondeu que possui dor em algum segmento corporal, ou em membros superiores ou inferiores, e apenas 19,30% da amostra disse não sentir desconforto. Os segmentos corporais que as costureiras da amostra não apresentaram dor foram: a bacia, o braço esquerdo, o antebraço direito e o punho direito. Com relação aos membros superiores, o que apresentou maior relato de dor foi a região lombar, com 40,35%. A segunda região de maior dor é a cervical, com 36,84%, seguido da região da costa média com 24,56%. A quarta região foi o pescoço, com 22,80% e a quinta foi a costa superior, com 17,54%. Com relação aos membros inferiores, a maior queixa de dores foi nas pernas, com 56,14%, contra apenas 5,26% nas coxas. A média da capacidade de carga das costureiras, medida através da força de preensão manual foi de 24,7 quilos (± 5,81). Os resultados das correlações entre as três variáveis: postura, dor e capacidade de carga apresentaram correlação fraca ou ausente, pois a correlação entre postura e dor foi ausente, e as correlações entre postura e dor e entre dor e capacidade de carga foram de r: 0.017. Acompanhando o trabalho das costureiras, foi possível identificar que as principais posturas adotadas ao longo da jornada laboral podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de lesões musculoesqueléticas. / The aim of this study was to find correlation between the positions taken and their risk posture, pain and / or musculoskeletal symptoms and the load capacity of seamstresses on the industry of clothing in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. The sample consisted of seamstresses female. The problem that can be seen to this research focuses: How postures and grip strength applied and used at work, affect the symptoms of pain and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers in clothing industries? The theoretical framework was based on: textile industry, the clothing industry characteristics, ergonomics, posture, the effects caused in seated posture, spine and sitting posture, ergonomic evaluation, postural analysis of assessment methods, evaluation of musculoskeletal symptoms and assessing their location and load capacity. Regarding the methodological approach, the research is classified as qualitative and quantitative, descriptive and lifting. The research was conducted in five companies in the garment manufacturing industry, totaling 57 seamstresses. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires, interviews, the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method for assessment of attitudes, the Diagram Corlett and Manenica to the location of pain in the body segments and intensity and dynamometer to measure the force handgrip. The average score in REBA sample method was 4.75 (0.46). Most seamstresses (80.70%) replied that he has pain in a body part, or upper limbs or lower, and only 19.30% of the sample said no discomfort. The body segments that seamstresses sample did not experience pain were: the basin, the left arm, right forearm and right wrist. Regarding the upper limbs, which showed greater account of pain was a lumbar region, with 40.35%. The second area of greatest pain is the cervical, with 36.84%, followed by the middle coast region with 24.56%. The fourth area was the neck, with 22,80% and the fifth was the upper coast, with 17.54%. Regarding the lower limbs, the biggest complaint was pain in the legs, with 56.14%, compared to 5.26% in the thighs. The average load capacity of seamstresses, measured by grip strength was 24.7 kilograms (5.81). The results of the correlations between the three variables: posture, pain and load capacity had weak or no correlation because the correlation between posture and pain was absent, and the correlations between posture and pain and between pain and cargo capacity were r: 0017. Following the work of seamstresses, it observed that the main stances adopted during the working day can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal injuries.

Introdução: Lesões musculares são muito comuns e costumam afastar os atletas da prática esportiva, tornando-se um transtorno também aos clubes. Devido às suas características, o rúgbi é um dos esportes que mais ocasionam lesões. A lesão muscular apresenta uma variação térmica localizada, provocando um acréscimo da temperatura local. Supostamente estes sítios podem ser avaliados através da mensuração da temperatura. Objetivo: o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar a utilização da termografia como método de apoio ao diagnóstico de lesões musculares em atletas de rúgbi durante atividades de treino e jogo. Metodologia: participaram deste estudo, 21 atletas de rúgbi do sexo masculino com idades entre 19 e 31 anos, inscritos na Confederação Brasileira de Rúgbi, pertencentes à categoria adulta de um clube profissional de nível nacional, que executam treinamentos diários a mais de dois anos e que tenham participado por pelo menos 40 minutos de um treino ou partida oficial de rúgbi. Foram realizadas duas coletas de sangue para identificação da concentração sérica de CK, expressa em IU/L, sendo uma 48 h pós-treino e outra 48 h pós-jogo. Foi realizada a aquisição da imagem infravermelha dos atletas, sendo estes previamente orientados sobre os procedimentos a serem seguidos no dia dos exames. No momento da coleta, os atletas permaneceram vestidos apenas com a roupa íntima, em pé, por 30 minutos em repouso muscular em uma câmara de adaptação à temperatura, com temperatura e umidade controladas entre 22° e 23 °C e 45 e 50% respectivamente. Foram coletadas imagens do tronco (superior) e das coxas (inferior), nas incidências anterior e posterior. As imagens foram analisadas de forma sistemática e por inspeção. Resultados: a análise sistemática demonstra que não houve correlação entre a variação da CK e a variação de temperatura dos músculos analisados. A temperatura média das áreas selecionadas de todos os músculos foram maiores nos momentos de maior CK, porém, a variação de CK não apresentou correlação positiva significativa com a temperatura nestes mesmos momentos. Quando separado os sujeitos que apresentaram variação maior que 50% no nível sérico de CK entre os momentos de maior e menor concentração, os músculos peitoral esquerdo, reto femoral esquerdo e o semitendíneo esquerdo apresentaram as maiores diferenças com p-valor de 0,037, 0,057 e 0,045, respectivamente. O hemisfério corporal esquerdo apresentou uma maior diferença de temperatura quando comparado com o hemisfério corporal direito. A avaliação por inspeção mostrou que as regiões: superior anterior e inferior posterior apresentaram 13 atletas com aumento de temperatura maior que 0,6 °C coincidindo com um aumento do nível sérico de CK. A região superior posterior e a região inferior anterior apresentaram 11 atletas com variação de temperatura maior que 0,6 °C entre os momentos de maior e menor CK. Conclusões: pode-se concluir que a termografia pode e deve ser utilizada como método de apoio ao diagnóstico de lesão muscular em atletas, recomendando-se a utilização da análise por inspeção visual. / Introduction: Muscle lesions are very common and usually move away athletes from practicing sports, becoming also a nuisance to the clubs. Due to its characteristics, rugby is one of the sports where lesions on athletes happen very often. The muscle lesion presents a thermal variation in the affected area, causing a local increase of temperature. Supposedly these areas can be evaluated through the measurement of temperature. Objective: The general objective of this study was to analyze the use of thermography as a method of support on the diagnosis of muscle lesions in rugby athletes during training activities and games. Methodology: participating in this study were, 21 male rugby athletes, aged between 19 and 31 years old, registered with the Brazilian Rugby Confederation, belonging to the adult categories at a professional level of a national team, who perform daily training for over two years and who have participated for at least 40 minutes of training or of an official rugby match. Twice there were collections of blood samples so the serum CK could be identified, expressed in IU/L; one collection 48 hours after training and another 48 hours after a game. The infrared images of the athletes were obtained, these being previously instructed on the procedures to be followed on the day of the exam. On collection the athletes were dressed only with their underwear, standing up, for 30 minutes with muscle at rest in a chamber which adapts to the temperature, with temperature and humidity controlled between 22° and 23 °C and 45 and 50% respectively. Images were collected from the upper body (superior) and upper-legs (inferior), from anterior and posterior sides. The images were analyzed systematically and by inspection. Results: The systematic analysis revealed that there is no correlation between de CK variation and temperature variation in muscles analyzed. The average temperature in the selected areas of all muscles were higher when the CK was higher, however, the variation of CK did not show any significant positive correlation with the temperature in the same situations. When separating the participants who presented a variation higher than 50% on the serum CK level between moments of higher and lower concentration, the left upper body muscles, left rectus femoris and left semitendinosus presented the biggest differences with p-value of 0.037, 0.057 and 0.045, respectively. The left body hemisphere showed a bigger difference in temperature when compared with the right body hemisphere. The evaluation by inspection showed that the anterior superior and posterior inferior regions presented 13 athletes with increased temperature higher than 0.6 °C coinciding with an increase of the serum CK. The posterior superior and the anterior inferior presented 11 athletes with temperature variation higher than 0.6 °C between the moments of higher and lower CK. Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that thermography can and should be utilized as a supporting method to diagnose muscle lesion in athletes, recommending the use of the visual analysis by inspection. / 5000

Capes / O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar correlação entre as posturas adotadas e os respectivos riscos posturais, a dor e/ou sintomas musculoesqueléticos e a capacidade de carga em costureiras de indústrias de confecção de vestuário da cidade de Ponta Grossa, Paraná. A amostra foi composta por costureiras do gênero feminino. O problema que se avista para a presente pesquisa centra-se: De que maneira, as posturas e a força de preensão manual aplicadas e utilizadas no trabalho, afetam a sintomatologia da dor e os sintomas musculoesqueléticos, em trabalhadoras de indústrias de confecção? O referencial teórico pautou-se em: indústria têxtil, características da indústria de confecção de vestuário, ergonomia, postura, efeitos causados ao trabalhador na postura sentada, coluna vertebral e a postura sentada, avaliação ergonômica, métodos de avaliação de análise postural, avaliação dos sintomas musculoesqueléticos e sua localização e avaliação da capacidade de carga. Quanto à abordagem metodológica, a pesquisa classifica-se como quali-quantitativa, descritiva e de levantamento. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em cinco empresas do ramo de confecção do vestuário, totalizando 57 costureiras. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram questionários, entrevistas, o método REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) para avaliação das posturas, o Diagrama de Corlett e Manenica para a localização da dor nos segmentos corporais e intensidade e dinamômetro para medir a força de preensão manual. A pontuação média no método REBA da amostra foi de 4,75 (± 0,46). A maioria das costureiras (80,70%) respondeu que possui dor em algum segmento corporal, ou em membros superiores ou inferiores, e apenas 19,30% da amostra disse não sentir desconforto. Os segmentos corporais que as costureiras da amostra não apresentaram dor foram: a bacia, o braço esquerdo, o antebraço direito e o punho direito. Com relação aos membros superiores, o que apresentou maior relato de dor foi a região lombar, com 40,35%. A segunda região de maior dor é a cervical, com 36,84%, seguido da região da costa média com 24,56%. A quarta região foi o pescoço, com 22,80% e a quinta foi a costa superior, com 17,54%. Com relação aos membros inferiores, a maior queixa de dores foi nas pernas, com 56,14%, contra apenas 5,26% nas coxas. A média da capacidade de carga das costureiras, medida através da força de preensão manual foi de 24,7 quilos (± 5,81). Os resultados das correlações entre as três variáveis: postura, dor e capacidade de carga apresentaram correlação fraca ou ausente, pois a correlação entre postura e dor foi ausente, e as correlações entre postura e dor e entre dor e capacidade de carga foram de r: 0.017. Acompanhando o trabalho das costureiras, foi possível identificar que as principais posturas adotadas ao longo da jornada laboral podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de lesões musculoesqueléticas. / The aim of this study was to find correlation between the positions taken and their risk posture, pain and / or musculoskeletal symptoms and the load capacity of seamstresses on the industry of clothing in the city of Ponta Grossa, Paraná. The sample consisted of seamstresses female. The problem that can be seen to this research focuses: How postures and grip strength applied and used at work, affect the symptoms of pain and musculoskeletal symptoms in workers in clothing industries? The theoretical framework was based on: textile industry, the clothing industry characteristics, ergonomics, posture, the effects caused in seated posture, spine and sitting posture, ergonomic evaluation, postural analysis of assessment methods, evaluation of musculoskeletal symptoms and assessing their location and load capacity. Regarding the methodological approach, the research is classified as qualitative and quantitative, descriptive and lifting. The research was conducted in five companies in the garment manufacturing industry, totaling 57 seamstresses. The instruments used for data collection were questionnaires, interviews, the REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) method for assessment of attitudes, the Diagram Corlett and Manenica to the location of pain in the body segments and intensity and dynamometer to measure the force handgrip. The average score in REBA sample method was 4.75 (0.46). Most seamstresses (80.70%) replied that he has pain in a body part, or upper limbs or lower, and only 19.30% of the sample said no discomfort. The body segments that seamstresses sample did not experience pain were: the basin, the left arm, right forearm and right wrist. Regarding the upper limbs, which showed greater account of pain was a lumbar region, with 40.35%. The second area of greatest pain is the cervical, with 36.84%, followed by the middle coast region with 24.56%. The fourth area was the neck, with 22,80% and the fifth was the upper coast, with 17.54%. Regarding the lower limbs, the biggest complaint was pain in the legs, with 56.14%, compared to 5.26% in the thighs. The average load capacity of seamstresses, measured by grip strength was 24.7 kilograms (5.81). The results of the correlations between the three variables: posture, pain and load capacity had weak or no correlation because the correlation between posture and pain was absent, and the correlations between posture and pain and between pain and cargo capacity were r: 0017. Following the work of seamstresses, it observed that the main stances adopted during the working day can contribute to the development of musculoskeletal injuries.

Introdução: Lesões musculares são muito comuns e costumam afastar os atletas da prática esportiva, tornando-se um transtorno também aos clubes. Devido às suas características, o rúgbi é um dos esportes que mais ocasionam lesões. A lesão muscular apresenta uma variação térmica localizada, provocando um acréscimo da temperatura local. Supostamente estes sítios podem ser avaliados através da mensuração da temperatura. Objetivo: o objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar a utilização da termografia como método de apoio ao diagnóstico de lesões musculares em atletas de rúgbi durante atividades de treino e jogo. Metodologia: participaram deste estudo, 21 atletas de rúgbi do sexo masculino com idades entre 19 e 31 anos, inscritos na Confederação Brasileira de Rúgbi, pertencentes à categoria adulta de um clube profissional de nível nacional, que executam treinamentos diários a mais de dois anos e que tenham participado por pelo menos 40 minutos de um treino ou partida oficial de rúgbi. Foram realizadas duas coletas de sangue para identificação da concentração sérica de CK, expressa em IU/L, sendo uma 48 h pós-treino e outra 48 h pós-jogo. Foi realizada a aquisição da imagem infravermelha dos atletas, sendo estes previamente orientados sobre os procedimentos a serem seguidos no dia dos exames. No momento da coleta, os atletas permaneceram vestidos apenas com a roupa íntima, em pé, por 30 minutos em repouso muscular em uma câmara de adaptação à temperatura, com temperatura e umidade controladas entre 22° e 23 °C e 45 e 50% respectivamente. Foram coletadas imagens do tronco (superior) e das coxas (inferior), nas incidências anterior e posterior. As imagens foram analisadas de forma sistemática e por inspeção. Resultados: a análise sistemática demonstra que não houve correlação entre a variação da CK e a variação de temperatura dos músculos analisados. A temperatura média das áreas selecionadas de todos os músculos foram maiores nos momentos de maior CK, porém, a variação de CK não apresentou correlação positiva significativa com a temperatura nestes mesmos momentos. Quando separado os sujeitos que apresentaram variação maior que 50% no nível sérico de CK entre os momentos de maior e menor concentração, os músculos peitoral esquerdo, reto femoral esquerdo e o semitendíneo esquerdo apresentaram as maiores diferenças com p-valor de 0,037, 0,057 e 0,045, respectivamente. O hemisfério corporal esquerdo apresentou uma maior diferença de temperatura quando comparado com o hemisfério corporal direito. A avaliação por inspeção mostrou que as regiões: superior anterior e inferior posterior apresentaram 13 atletas com aumento de temperatura maior que 0,6 °C coincidindo com um aumento do nível sérico de CK. A região superior posterior e a região inferior anterior apresentaram 11 atletas com variação de temperatura maior que 0,6 °C entre os momentos de maior e menor CK. Conclusões: pode-se concluir que a termografia pode e deve ser utilizada como método de apoio ao diagnóstico de lesão muscular em atletas, recomendando-se a utilização da análise por inspeção visual. / Introduction: Muscle lesions are very common and usually move away athletes from practicing sports, becoming also a nuisance to the clubs. Due to its characteristics, rugby is one of the sports where lesions on athletes happen very often. The muscle lesion presents a thermal variation in the affected area, causing a local increase of temperature. Supposedly these areas can be evaluated through the measurement of temperature. Objective: The general objective of this study was to analyze the use of thermography as a method of support on the diagnosis of muscle lesions in rugby athletes during training activities and games. Methodology: participating in this study were, 21 male rugby athletes, aged between 19 and 31 years old, registered with the Brazilian Rugby Confederation, belonging to the adult categories at a professional level of a national team, who perform daily training for over two years and who have participated for at least 40 minutes of training or of an official rugby match. Twice there were collections of blood samples so the serum CK could be identified, expressed in IU/L; one collection 48 hours after training and another 48 hours after a game. The infrared images of the athletes were obtained, these being previously instructed on the procedures to be followed on the day of the exam. On collection the athletes were dressed only with their underwear, standing up, for 30 minutes with muscle at rest in a chamber which adapts to the temperature, with temperature and humidity controlled between 22° and 23 °C and 45 and 50% respectively. Images were collected from the upper body (superior) and upper-legs (inferior), from anterior and posterior sides. The images were analyzed systematically and by inspection. Results: The systematic analysis revealed that there is no correlation between de CK variation and temperature variation in muscles analyzed. The average temperature in the selected areas of all muscles were higher when the CK was higher, however, the variation of CK did not show any significant positive correlation with the temperature in the same situations. When separating the participants who presented a variation higher than 50% on the serum CK level between moments of higher and lower concentration, the left upper body muscles, left rectus femoris and left semitendinosus presented the biggest differences with p-value of 0.037, 0.057 and 0.045, respectively. The left body hemisphere showed a bigger difference in temperature when compared with the right body hemisphere. The evaluation by inspection showed that the anterior superior and posterior inferior regions presented 13 athletes with increased temperature higher than 0.6 °C coinciding with an increase of the serum CK. The posterior superior and the anterior inferior presented 11 athletes with temperature variation higher than 0.6 °C between the moments of higher and lower CK. Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that thermography can and should be utilized as a supporting method to diagnose muscle lesion in athletes, recommending the use of the visual analysis by inspection. / 5000