One of the greatest mysteries in the history of music is the castrato singers of the Baroque era. Castration has existed for many thousands of years, but for the first time in history, it was used for artistic purposes. Who were these men who seemingly gave up their masculinity for the sake of music? By examining the time period and circumstances in which these musicians lived, an answer may be found. Exploring the economic, social, and political structure of the 17th and 18th centuries may reveal the mindset behind such a strange yet accepted practice. The in-depth study of their lives and careers will help lift the veil of mystery that surrounds them. Was their physical sacrifice a blessing or a curse? Was it worth it?

Orientador: Carlos Fernando Fiorini / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Artes / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T13:48:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Garbuio_RafaelLuis_D.pdf: 7178539 bytes, checksum: e08ba43fe42a54111f067ee359bcaf79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / Resumo: Os seis livros de madrigais italianos compostos por Carlo Gesualdo apresentam uma estreita relação entre a música e o texto. A manipulação efetuada pelo compositor nos poemas que seriam base para suas peças evidencia sua busca por um determinado formato de texto. Através da observação destas alterações, foi possível caracterizar seu ideal poético e relacioná-lo diretamente com a sua concepção musical, objetivando um entendimento mais abrangente da expressividade deste conjunto de obras. Para che-gar a este resultado, foram realizados estudos da contextualização histórica, concen-trados na cidade de Ferrara e na sua importância dentro da obra deste compositor; do Maneirismo artístico e sua relação com o madrigal italiano tardio, e dos vários aspectos da sua escrita musical. Como forma de confrontar estas informações, realizou-se uma análise da relação texto/música sobre dois termos poéticos ¿ amor e morte ¿ através da qual foi possível concluir como se deu o amadurecimento da escrita do compositor e a relevância de seu ideal poético como ferramenta interpretativa / Abstract: The six Italian madrigals books of Carlo Gesualdo present a close connection between music and text. The manipulation made by the composer in the poems that would serve as basis for his music evidences his search for a certain text format. Through the anal-ysis of these changes it was possible to characterize his poetic ideal and relate it direct-ly to his musical conception, aiming a more comprehensive understanding of the ex-pression of this group of works. To reach this result, the historical context was studied, especially the one of the city of Ferrara and its importance in the work of this composer. Also, the various aspects of his musical writing, the Mannerism and its relation to the late Italian madrigal were approached. In order to confront this information, it was done an analysis of the relation text / music on two poetic terms - love and death - through which we concluded how was the maturing process of the composer¿s writing, and the relevance of his poetic ideal as an interpretive tool / Doutorado / Praticas Interpretativas / Doutor em Música

This study is an attempt to shed some light on the treatment of one dissonance—the seventh—in the works of the following composers: Cipriano de Rore (1516-1565); Philippe de Monte (1521-1603); Giaches de Wert (1535-1596); Luca Marenzio (1553-1599); Carlo Gesualdo (ca. 1560-1613); and Claudio Monteverdi (1567-1643). The purpose of this thesis is to discover (1) the frequency of occurrence of primary (relatively accented) sevenths and their inversions (^ chords, etc.) in a selection of each composer's madrigals; and (2) the methods of handling sevenths employed by each composer, with particular emphasis on the relationship between these methods and sixteenth century theory.

Mit dem ersten von insgesamt drei Bänden der „Geistlichen Concerti“ von Johann Christoph Schmidt setzen die „Denkmäler der Tonkunst in Dresden“ ihre Edition der bisher unveröffentlichten Werke des Dresdner Hofkapellmeister Augusts des Starken fort. Die autographen Stimmensätze der drei Concerti „Gott, du bleibest doch mein Gott“, Text von Herzog Anton Ulrich von Wolfenbüttel, „Lobe den Herrn meine Seele“, Psalm 103, und „Schwing dich auf zu deinem Gott“, Text von Paul Gerhardt sind dem Herausgeber freundlicherweise von der Bibliothèque du Collège Saint-Guillaume (Collegium Wilhelmitanum) in Strasbourg zur Verfügung gestellt worden. Die Concerti stehen in der Tradition geistlicher Werke von Heinrich Schütz und Christoph Bernhard und sind Zeugnisse der protestantischen Kirchenmusik von Johann Christoph Schmidt am Dresdner Hof um 1700, der trotz der Konversion Augusts des Starken zum Katholizismus am lutherischen Glauben festhielt.

Diese fünf Ouverturen sind im „Schranck II“, der Sammlung des Instrumental-Repertoires der Dresdner Hofkapelle aus dem frühen 18. Jahrhundert überliefert. Die Form der Ouverturen-Suite als wesentlicher Teil des geselligen Musizierens des 17. und 18. Jahrhunderts nutzte die schon in der Renaissance verbreiteten Folgen von Tanzsätzen, wie sie an deutschen Höfen seit dem Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts u.a. von Paul Peuerl, Michael Praetorius, Melchior Frank, Johann Hermann Schein, Samuel Scheidt oder Johann Staden erklangen. Aus der von den französischen Clavecinisten bevorzugten Folge von Allemande, Courante, Sarabande und Gigue entwickelte sich ein Standard. Johann Sigismund Kusser, Georg Muffat oder Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer übernahmen französische Anregungen, aus Opern einzelne Orchestersätze zu Ouverturen zusammenzustellen. Die Ouverturen von J. Ch. Schmidt waren Teil der Festkultur am Dresdner Hof. Eine Datierung zwischen 1710 und 1720, durch die Datierung der Wasserzeichen des Notenpapiers begründet, verweist auf eine Zeit, in der sich am Dresdner Hof die politische und finanzielle Situation nach der Niederlage Schwedens im Nordischen Krieg stabilisierte. Dadurch konnte der Hofkapellmeister Johann Christoph Schmidt (1664-1728) die Hofkapelle vergrößern und für vielfältige Aufgaben einsetzen. Das Ensemble L'arpa festante unter Leitung von Christoph Hesse hat bereits 2020 alle Ouverturen beim Label cpo Osnabrück eingespielt. Die dabei gewonnenen Erfahrungen sind für die Druckausgabe genutzt worden. Die CD wird, wegen durch Corona verursachten Verzögerungen, erst im kommenden Jahr erscheinen.

The dissertation consists of four recitals: three solo recitals and one lecture recital. The repertoire of all the programs was intended to demonstrate a variety of music written originally for trombone. The lecture recital, "The Trombone in German and Austrian Concerted Church Music of the Baroque Period," was presented on July 3, 1974. The lecture was an attempt to illuminate the position of the trombone, both as an ensemble instrument and as a solo obbligato instrument, in church music of the Baroque period. The program included the performance of two works by Heinrich Schutz for bass voice, four trombones, and continuo; one work by Andreas Hammerschmidt for alto, bass, trombone, and continuo; and one work by Johann Joseph Fux for soprano, trombone, two violins, and continuo. A line of influence was traced from the Venetian composers Giovanni Gabrieli and Claudio Monteverdi, through Schiitz, Hammerschmidt, and Fux, to Mozart.

By examining Renaissance criticism both literary and musical, framed in the context of the contemporaneous obsession with the works of Plato, Aristotle, and Horace, among others, this thesis identifies the parallels in poetic and musical practices of the time that coalesce to form a unified idea about the poet-as-singer, and his role in society. Edmund Spenser and John Milton, who both, in various ways, lived in periods of upheaval, identified themselves as the poet-singer, and comprehending their poetry in the context of this idea is essential to a fuller appreciation thereof. The first chapter addresses the role that the study of rhetoric and the power of oratory played in shaping attitudes about poetry, and how the importance of sound, of an innate musicality to poetry, was pivotal in the turn from quantitative to accentual-syllabic verse. In addition, the philosophical idea of music, inherited from antiquity, is explained in order elucidate the significance of “artifice” and “proportion”. With this as a backdrop, the chapters following examine first the work of Spenser, and then of Milton, demonstrating the central role that music played in the composition of their verse. Also significant, in the case of Milton, is the revolution undertaken by the Florentine Camerata around the turn of the seventeenth century, which culminated in the birth of opera. The sources employed by this group of scholars and artists are identical to those which shaped the idea of the poet-as-singer, and analysing their works in tandem yields new insights into those poems which are considered among the finest achievements in English literature.

A study of French-texted solo songs and duets with lute or guitar accompaniment notated in tablature, dating from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Connected repertoires include the Parisian chanson, psalm, <i>voix de ville</i>, dialogue, and <i>air de cour</i>. Sources are examined in terms of their background, composers represented in them, relationship to concordant and other musical sources, repertoire, and musical conception. Foreign and manuscript sources are included. Literary references indicating the status of sixteenth-century lute-song, its importance to humanists (including its role in the <i>Académie de Poésie et de Musique</i>), and its position in theatrical works, are considered. Issues of notation, musical and poetic form, prosody, rhythm, ornamentation, lute pitch and tuning, relationship to polyphonic versions, to the <i>ballet de cour</i>, to dance forms, and to solo instrumental styles such as <i>stile brisé</i> are examined. Early references to continuo practice and to the theorbo are noted. Several arguments are developed, including 1. that the sixteenth-century Le Roy publications were conceived primarily as solo lute music, 2. that from the late sixteenth-century onwards lute-songs were initially conceived as melody-bass outlines, and may to an extent be regarded as continuo realisations, and 3. that rhythmic features of the <i>air de cour</i> commonly related to the influence of musique mesurée may also be explained with reference to earlier attempts to adapt the <i>voix de ville</i> to humanist goals, and also to the influence of the Italian villanella. Includes tables and bibliographies. Musical examples, facsimiles, and transcriptions are included in a separate volume.

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